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This article contains a philosophical study of the moral basis of modern legal nihilism. Usually legal nihilism is understood as a negative or indifferent attitude of individuals or social groups to law as a social institution. The universal and necessary nature of this phenomenon cannot be revealed by giving even the broadest list of active causes of its occurrence and spread. This nature of legal nihilism can be understood through systematic knowledge the idea of the moral spirit.Within the limits of this article, only the nearest spiritual and practical basis of the legal nihilism is revealed. Further consideration of the problem proves that this basis is the freedom of moral subject, the moral view in general, which is an effective principle of the form of the modern world. From a moral point of view only the autono- mous will is truly free and, therefore, really moral. For it is subordinate to a universal law, rooted in the «moral self» of the will itself. Thus the autonomy of the will is recognized as the true and only law of morality, which is identified with real moral order. Recognition of the autonomy of the moral will as the highest principle of the practical spirit made the moral view an indisputable criterion for evaluating any existing moral order. Thus the reflection of the practical experience of modern times laid the moral foundation of legal nihilism. For from this moment on, any external authority, every normative order has come under the initial suspicion of the moral subject, Every objective normative order came to be considered by him as something that has only a conditional significance. All this reality now requires legitimation by the subject of moral freedom, justification before person's deep belief in what is rational and moral.

Past studies of extremist attitudes showed that along with such attitudes as nationalism, xenophobia, religious fanaticism, the tendency to justify the use of violence for political purposes is highly relevant to the problem of radicalisation. Extremist attitudes and the legitimisation of political violence can be associated with legal nihilism, as well as features of the person's moral and value spheres. On a sample of 114 students using questionnaires of moral foundations (Jesse Graham et al.) and basic values (Shalom Schwartz), it was shown that binding moral foundations (loyalty, authority, purity) support extremist attitudes (by the questionnaire of Kirill Zlokazov) and the legitimation of political violence (by the scale of Sergey Yenikolopov and Nikolay Tsibul'skiy), while individualising moral foundations (care and fairness) and the self-transcendence values are opposed to them. Legal nihilism supports nationalist attitudes and the justification of violence in the political sphere, including the violence during political protests.

This article analyses the concepts of "legal idealism" and "legal nihilism". Their cultural and historical basis is considered. The answer to the question of how to limit these sociolegal phenomena in modern conditions is sought. The author concludes that overcoming legal nihilism is a very long and complex process. The main ways to overcome legal nihilism are popularization of legal awareness; increasing the level of public culture (not only general, but also legal); improvement of existing legislation; prevention of offences; legal education; mass legal education; strengthening state discipline, law norms and legality; ensuring freedoms and human rights; respect for personality; legal reforms; training of highly qualified lawyers, etc.

Problem setting. When the defining word «legal» is added to the concept of «nihilism», new meanings arise, which requires checking how correctly this phrase is used in legal sciences. To preserve statehood, it is important to understand the essence and genesis of legal nihilism.
Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the presence of attention to this important problem, both in the domestic and foreign literature devoted to the problems of law, there is still enough uncertainty in understanding the essence and causes of legal nihilism, which requires clarification and correction.
Paper objective. It is necessary to clarify the meaning of the concept of «legal nihilism» by comparing this phenomenon with various forms of manifestation and thereby concretize its essence and origins. This will allow, in turn, determining the possibilities of overcoming it.
Paper main body. The article actualizes the problem of the conceptual apparatus of legal sciences, which is associated with the vagueness and ambiguity of some concepts, including the concepts of «natural law» and «law». Ambiguity of the concept of law both as a goal and as a tool can become a source of legal conflicts. By clarifying this concept, it is possible to come to a deeper understanding of the concept of «legal nihilism», which is important for the field of law. The analysis of types of legal nihilism leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between natural law and law, recognizing the primary role of human rights and the instrumental role of law.
Two non-mutually exclusive opportunities to avoid nihilism associated with the education of citizens of legal consciousness are considered. The first is related to the education of respect for universal human values and their acceptance. Submission to the moral law, in theory, should prevent the violation of legal boundaries in the action of the subject. In the second case, this is a pragmatic way of bringing to the attention of citizens information about the inevitability of punishment. As a result, the conviction is formed that it is more profitable to comply with laws than not to comply, especially since being in the legal field ensures stability and security.
The presence of prerequisites for the effective implementation of these opportunities in the modern world is analyzed. At the same time, modern realities were taken into account, for example, such as the processes of globalization and the factor of postmodernism.
Conclusions of the research. The reason for legal nihilism is violations in the development and application of legislative acts associated with a complex crisis affecting the social, economic, political and legal spheres. All calls for the education of legal consciousness will be declarative in nature without eliminating the objective reasons leading to its distortion.

В настоящей статье проводится анализ таких понятий, как «правовой идеализм» и «правовой нигилизм». Рассматриваются их культурные и исторические предпосылки. Ведется поиск ответа на вопрос, каким образом можно обуздать данные социально-правовые явления в современных российских условиях. Автором сделан вывод, что преодоление правового нигилизма является довольно длительным и сложным процессом. Основные пути преодоления правового нигилизма: пропаганда правосознания; повышение уровня культуры населения (не только общей, но и правовой); совершенствование действующего законодательства; предупреждение правонарушений; правовое воспитание; массовое правовое просвещение; укрепление государственной дисциплины, правопорядка и законности; обеспечение свобод и прав человека; уважительное отношение к личности человека; правовые реформы; подготовка высококвалифицированных юристов и т.д. ; This article analyzes such notions as «legal nihilism» and «legal idealism» and their historical and cultural backgrounds. The authors try to answer the question of how to employ this socio-legal phenomenon in contemporary Russia. They conclude that overcoming of legal nihilism is a very complicated and lengthy process. It can be achieved by increasing the level of legal culture (besides the culture in general); promoting justice; preventing crime; improving legislation; mass legal education; strengthening the rule of law, state discipline; respect for a person's personality, his/her rights and freedoms; training highly qualified lawyers; a law reform.

The article deals specifically with the features of such negative phenomena as business narcissism, cultural and legal nihilism, which have resulted from a lack of ideology in the development of the state and national economy. Based on the analysis of the existing studies and current practice of state authorities and economic entities, the problems of their ideological support and growth have been found. The authors have established regular patterns of relationships between business narcissism, cultural and legal nihilism and specific features of introducing innovative technologies at various levels of government. The study has been presented under the conditions of transition economy of the post- totalitarian society.The research also explores different ways of increasing responsibility for the effective social development and industrial growth, namely, by introducing spiritual, cultural, moral and ethical dimensions, innovative managerial practices and modernizing technology and production processes. It is claimed that from the perspective of European standards, the most appropriate methods to assess the operational stability of the enterprise are not only innovative means, but also elimination of business narcissism, cultural and legal nihilism. Overcoming the above-mentioned negative phenomena through developing and implementing the state's ideological policies will make it possible to effectively promote the national economy and state-building.The study provides evidence that ideological factors ensure stable operation of Ukraine's industrial enterprises on the domestic (national) market and create an enabling environment for their competitiveness among companies of the European Union. The authors formulate the basic social circumstances that may hinder implementing the state ideological policy and fighting against business narcissism, cultural and legal nihilism, particularly, the absence of a well-established legal and judicial system, corruption and oligarchy, a lack of accountability and impunity.

From Pussy Riot to Michael Khodorkovskiy, the solidity of the rule of law in Russia seems rather shaky. This has translated into a troubled relationship between Russia and the European Court of Human Rights since Russia's ratification of the European Convention in 1998. Various factors explain this tension, including the structure of the judiciary, the status of the European Convention in Russia law, public mistrust of the courts, and ongoing episodes of armed conflicts. This has posed enormous challenges to the European Court of Human Rights, and even the most recent attempts to improve it are unlikely to trigger better compliance in Russia.

From Pussy Riot to Michael Khodorkovskiy, the solidity of the rule of law in Russia seems rather shaky. This has translated into a troubled relationship between Russia and the European Court of Human Rights since Russia's ratification of the European Convention in 1998. Various factors explain this tension, including the structure of the judiciary, the status of the European Convention in Russia law, public mistrust of the courts, and ongoing episodes of armed conflicts. This has posed enormous challenges to the European Court of Human Rights, and even the most recent attempts to improve it are unlikely to trigger better compliance in Russia. Adapted from the source document.