Suchergebnisse

Varieties of modern nondemocratic electoral political regimes is determined by institutional, structural, actor-oriented (procedural) differences between «the new autocracies». The trajectories of political transformation and regime changes in these hybrids depend largely on the specifi c political decisions and actions of key political actors in the process of democratization. This article analyzes the actions of the opposition from the angle of mobilization and cooperation as «winning» tactics in the electoral competitive nondemocratic regimes. The empirical part of the article includes: 1) forming a public protests database in the electoral cycle of 2015 (January-September) in the Central Federal District of Russia, which includes the regional authority elections, members of regional and local legislatures; 2) statistical processing of data of opposition's participation / nonparticipation in public protests, number of protesters, opposition cooperative actions, issues of protests; 3) designing and measuring empirically observable features of protests make it possible to segment the public protest activity into 2 basic parts: civic activity and mobilization activity – and then to analyze the scope of cooperation of various opposition parties in mobilization actions. These results make it possible to answer the following questions: to what extent Russian opposition actors use public protest activity as mobilization resource and to what extent they are prepared for cooperation in a public protest fi eld? ; Многообразие современных недемократических электоральных политических режимов определяется институциональными, структурными, акторскими (процедурными) различиями внутри сообщества «новых автократий». Траектории политических трансформаций и режимных изменений в таких гибридах зависят во многом от конкретных политических решений и действий ключевых для демократизации акторов. В настоящей статье проанализированы действия оппозиции по мобилизации и внутриоппозиционной кооперации как «выигрышной» тактики в электоральных недемократических режимах соревновательного типа. Эмпирическая часть исследования включает: 1) формирование базы данных публичных протестных акций в электоральном цикле 2015 года (январь-сентябрь) в Центральном федеральном округе России, включающем выборы глав ряда регионов, членов региональных и местных легислатур; 2) статистическую обработку данных об участии/неучастии оппозиционных акторов в публичных протестных акциях, количестве участников акций, совместных акциях оппозиции, тематиках акций; 3) конструирование и измерение эмпирически наблюдаемых признаков, что позволило сегментировать публичную протестную активность на 2 базовые части: гражданская активность и мобилизационная активность – и затем определить: какова доля совместного участия различных оппозиционных партий и движений в мобилизационных акциях. Полученные результаты позволяют ответить на вопросы: в какой мере используют российские оппозиционные акторы в качестве мобилизационного ресурса публичную протестную активность и в какой мере они готовы к взаимодействию друг с другом в публичном протестном поле?

The main problems of the modern institution of civil participation in the implementation of local government in Russia have been analyzed in the article. Modern effective tools and processes, in the context of "civil participation" have been described. A number of issues and problems of formation of the institute of local government has been considered The democratic nature of the local government implies, the principle of transparency of the decisionmaking system at the local level and high level of trust of the population to local governments. Based on the study of processes, taking place in the country, as well as the analysis of scientific literature on civil pariticpation issue, the author highlights the factors, influencing the level of public confidence in the activities of local governments and the decision-making process by actors in the process of interaction between the authorities and society, in terms of ensuring the democratic nature of the local power.The aim of the analysis of the process of building the system of local government, under which social activity and civil participation in the implementation of the local government requires an interdisciplinary approach - to develop effective solutions and technologies of work with citizens, local authorities, that will lead to increased transparency in decision-making and enhance public confidence in the local authorities. In consideration, that developed institute of civil participation is a complex institution, which is an indicator of the democratic principle of organization of power, at the same time requiring a more thorough analysis of the type of relationship the actor process of interaction of authorities and society and their objectives, the author puts forward several theories, whereby you can ensure the effectiveness of the process of "participation", in the context of mainstreaming, as described by the author.In the same way modern and effective tools and techniques have been described in the article, the application of which, according to the author, will lead to greater transparency in the work of local government authorities. ; В статье проанализированы основные проблемы современного института гражданского участия в осуществлении местного самоуправления в России. Описаны современные эффективные инструменты и процессы в контексте проблематики гражданского участия. Рассмотрен ряд вопросов и проблем становления института местного самоуправления. Демократический характер исполнения местной власти предполагает принцип прозрачности системы принятия решений на местном уровне и высокий уровень доверия населения органам местного самоуправления. На основании исследования процессов, происходящих в стране, анализа научной литературы по проблематике гражданского участия выделены факторы, влияющие на: уровень доверия населения деятельности органов местного самоуправления; процесс принятия решений акторами процесса взаимодействия власти и общества с точки зрения обеспечения демократического характера осуществления местной власти.Цель анализа процесса построения системы местного самоуправления, в рамках которой социальная активность и гражданское участие требует междисциплинарного подхода, – выработать эффективные решения и технологии работы местной власти с гражданами, что приведет к повышению прозрачности принятия решений и доверия населения к органам местного самоуправления. С учетом того, что развитый институт гражданского участия – сложнейший институт, являющийся показателем демократического принципа организации власти, одновременно требующий тщательного анализа типа отношений акторов процесса взаимодействия власти и общества и их целей, выдвинут ряд теорий, в соответствии с которыми можно обеспечить эффективность самого процесса участия в контексте указанной проблематики.Также в статье описаны современные эффективные инструменты и технологии, применение которых приведет к повышению прозрачности работы органов местного самоуправления.

The article analyzes the political crowdsourcing as a factor of development of municipalities and political culture of participation of the Russian Federation in the framework of the information society. The authors propose to look at the system of local self-government from the point of view of social interests of the local communities. Political crowdsourcing becomes relevant in the system of local government. The basis of the study is a systematic approach that allows viewit modern types and principles of organization of political crowdsourcing at the local level. The primary implementers of political crowdsourcing is the youth as the most active and creative social group. Is offered on the basis of youth organization under the representative body of local samoraneniya the creation of the analytical center for the implementation of political crowdsourcing projects. A variant allows you to develop and maintain a democratic regime in Russia to increase the percentage of civil and political activity, to increase the speed and quality of communication between government and civil society, is most effective to include young people in the political sphere in an attractive form, to establish a school for professional growth of young scientists and politicians.Purpose: identify current types and principles of organization for political crowdsourcing at the local level and developing options for its promotion.Methodology: the authors use a systematic approach, the analysis of modern scientific literature and Internet web sites for political crowdsourcing.Results: defined the modern types and principles of organization of political crowdsourcing at the local level and developed a variant of the analytical center on the basis of youth organization under the representative body of local self-government.Practical implications: the obtained results should apply to political actors at the Federal, regional and municipal levels. ; В статье анализируется политический краудсорсинг как фактор развития муниципальных образований и политической культуры участия в РФ в рамках развития информационного общества. Автор предлагает взглянуть на систему местного самоуправления с точки зрения социальных интересов местных сообществ. Политический краудсорсинг становится актуальным в системе местного самоуправления. Основой исследования выбран системный подход, позволяющий выявить современные виды и принципы организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне. Основным актором политического краудсорсинга является молодежь как наиболее активная и креативная социальная группа. Предлагается на базе молодежной организации при представительном органе местного самоуправления создание аналитического центра для реализации политических краудсорсинговых проектов. Разработанный вариант позволяет развивать и поддерживать демократический режим в России, увеличить процент гражданской и политической активности, увеличить скорость и качество коммуникации между государством и гражданским обществом, наиболее эффективно включить молодежь в политическую сферу в притягательной форме, создать школу профессионального роста молодых политологов и политиков.Цель: определение современных видов и принципов организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне и разработка варианта её продвижения.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались системный подход, анализ современной научной литературы и интернет сайтов по политическому краудсорсингу.Результаты: определены современные виды и принципы организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне и разработан вариант создания аналитического центра на базе молодежной организации при представительном органе местного самоуправления.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять политическим субъектами на федеральном, региональном и муниципальном уровнях.

The object of this thesis is bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development process and policy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the notion and practice of creative placemaking as a method bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development and to discuss the possibility of incorporation of creative placemaking principles into urban development policy implementation. The methodology of the research includes review of interdisciplinary literature, development of a conceptual framework that defines the practice and concept of placemaking. This framework is applied into an empirical research: a content analysis of official statements, articles and documents of biggest placemaking organizations; a case study of selected placemaking initiatives, and suggestions for incorporation of placemaking principles into implementation of urban development policy. The research concludes on complexity of concepts and notions of culture and development in regard to urban policy as unvisitable condition in the context of volatile and fluid relationships that characterize the field. In this regard, the main principles that creative placemaking follows, make it a valuable method for bottom-up culture-led urban development. These principles include participation, communication, activation of local community, reinvention of tools and mechanism. The controversy of the notion of placemaking is presented as a characteristic of intersectoral field that is function within. Theoretical and empirical discussions, done in this thesis, open a possibility to talk about creative placemaking, as a process and movement with its own political agenda, presenting new modes of production, communication and cooperation

The object of this thesis is bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development process and policy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the notion and practice of creative placemaking as a method bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development and to discuss the possibility of incorporation of creative placemaking principles into urban development policy implementation. The methodology of the research includes review of interdisciplinary literature, development of a conceptual framework that defines the practice and concept of placemaking. This framework is applied into an empirical research: a content analysis of official statements, articles and documents of biggest placemaking organizations; a case study of selected placemaking initiatives, and suggestions for incorporation of placemaking principles into implementation of urban development policy. The research concludes on complexity of concepts and notions of culture and development in regard to urban policy as unvisitable condition in the context of volatile and fluid relationships that characterize the field. In this regard, the main principles that creative placemaking follows, make it a valuable method for bottom-up culture-led urban development. These principles include participation, communication, activation of local community, reinvention of tools and mechanism. The controversy of the notion of placemaking is presented as a characteristic of intersectoral field that is function within. Theoretical and empirical discussions, done in this thesis, open a possibility to talk about creative placemaking, as a process and movement with its own political agenda, presenting new modes of production, communication and cooperation

The object of this master thesis is the functioning legal system of EU that defines and regulates such a category of intellectual property rights as geographical indications. The goal of the thesis — conduct a comprehensive discussion and provide an overview of the EU regulatory system in the framework of the relevant EU legislature. Main tasks of the thesis: assess the impact of the current GI protection regime in the EU; determine the goals and the vector of further development of GIs; establish the relevance of GIs for European consumers, manufacturers and sellers. The methodology used in the work involves an analysis of the relevant legal framework, which includes international law, functioning on the example of multilateral treaties and bilateral trade agreements, and also European law and established case law, and it also involves a review of the scientific literature regarding GIs. Special attention is paid to EU foreign policy priorities and international relations on the matters of protection of GIs. A specific position in this work is occupied by the study of particular case law and the analysis of empirical data during the application and modification of the concept of GI by European manufacturers, state authorities, the European Court of Justice, and other EU legal institutions. The crucial findings of the study are that the EU seeks to promote quality and innovation in agriculture and pursue successful trade policies both within the European community and worldwide. In this context, GIs play an important role in promoting rural development, increasing the value of traditional agricultural products and producer incomes, preserving cultural and biological diversity, and providing reliable information to consumers. Being collective intellectual property rights, GIs require effective management attainable by the good faith cooperation and interaction between local actors in a joint dialogue with national authorities.

The object of this master thesis is the functioning legal system of EU that defines and regulates such a category of intellectual property rights as geographical indications. The goal of the thesis — conduct a comprehensive discussion and provide an overview of the EU regulatory system in the framework of the relevant EU legislature. Main tasks of the thesis: assess the impact of the current GI protection regime in the EU; determine the goals and the vector of further development of GIs; establish the relevance of GIs for European consumers, manufacturers and sellers. The methodology used in the work involves an analysis of the relevant legal framework, which includes international law, functioning on the example of multilateral treaties and bilateral trade agreements, and also European law and established case law, and it also involves a review of the scientific literature regarding GIs. Special attention is paid to EU foreign policy priorities and international relations on the matters of protection of GIs. A specific position in this work is occupied by the study of particular case law and the analysis of empirical data during the application and modification of the concept of GI by European manufacturers, state authorities, the European Court of Justice, and other EU legal institutions. The crucial findings of the study are that the EU seeks to promote quality and innovation in agriculture and pursue successful trade policies both within the European community and worldwide. In this context, GIs play an important role in promoting rural development, increasing the value of traditional agricultural products and producer incomes, preserving cultural and biological diversity, and providing reliable information to consumers. Being collective intellectual property rights, GIs require effective management attainable by the good faith cooperation and interaction between local actors in a joint dialogue with national authorities.

There are various instances of local identity in modern Russia. However, vying with it, regional features of national identity must not contradict. At the same time, ethnic, confessional, symbolic, historical markers are being structured in local regional communities in a number of ways.

The main actors who are totally legitimate for building local identities in political discourse are regional political elites. By the identity politics of political actors, social space is structured and "typified", and own strategies are legitimized. "Leader - electorate" relationship still remains as the key factor which can be used to manipulate public opinion.

The article raises the issue of the current state of the political identity of the population of Volgograd Region. The results of the empirical analysis of the political identity structure are also presented. The authors conclude that the nature of the political identity of Volgograd Region population is determined mostly by its syntagmatic qualities being developed through the mismatch of ideological, electorate and personified levels of the political identity. Furthermore, key features of the political consciousness are inactivity and supineness of the people. Inhabitants prefer not to take part in policy decisions and take no responsibility.

The achievements and the problems on the way of seeking regional political identity originated from the peculiarities of the regional dynamics are also analyzed in the work. Despite the domination of the negative ideologemes in the regional political development, sense and images of historic victories of the country are still the main unifying forces for the separate ways of thinking of Volgograd population.

The article analyzes the processes of regional construction and their specific features in the Baltic Sea region. The article provides insights into main approaches to defining the notion of the Baltic Sea Region, its geography, rationales and preconditions of the Baltic Sea Region construction. The author makes conclusion that currently the construction process is being continued, and it involves a wide range of actors: NGOs, local and regional authorities, scientific organizations, higher education institutions, business structures, international organizations. All these actors use different tools and act in different spheres. Although there is no clear answer to the question "Who and how constructs the Baltic Sea Region?", it is concluded that the cooperation played a significant role in this process, for example, by determining the geography of the region and creating communication networks. Projects, in turn, become a widespread form of cooperation which are used by large Baltic interregional organizations, such as the Northern Dimension, Interregional programmes, the Council of the Baltic Sea States. International project activity of the described above actors, being the point of pooled resources application and also narratives on the regional issues, became one of the mechanisms of the region construction. The article proves that a wide variety of projects in various fields with the participation of different actors creates a picture of the Baltic Sea region building some of its features and providing common identity and responsibility ideas. (author's abstract)

The article examines the features of social and political factors of the development of civil activity in Russia, its role in political process of the Russian Federation. It examines the main values of Russian society, which provides several interconnected levels of civil participation with their inherent specific characteristics.Conclusions, made in the article, tell about the transformation of civil activity from the local level up to the protest and political participation in the period from 2005 to 2012, about the potential of forms of civil activity. ; В статье рассматриваются особенности социально-политических факторов развития современных форм гражданской активности, их роль в политическом процессе Российской Федерации. Показаны основные ценностные установки российского общества, выделяются взаимосвязанные уровни гражданской активности с присущими им определенными характеристиками.В статье сделаны выводы о трансформации гражданской активности с локально- го уровня до уровня протестно-политической активности в период с 2005 по 2012 г., о сущностном потенциале форм гражданской активности.

This article considers the ideational and political contexts in which Project 5-100, the Russian excellence in higher education initiative emerged, as well as the specificities of its organisational and behavioural model. While Project 5-100 has been studied in the academic literature as regards its efficiency and how it affected the performance and inner workings of the participating universities, the question of how the project came about and the characteristic traits of its internal set-up still remain largely overlooked. The study focuses on the involvement of local and international players, arguing that their successful and organic cooperation influenced both the architecture and the implementation of the project. This paper contributes to the literature on policy networks by showing that transnational actors do not necessarily undermine or challenge state power and can on the contrary help governments implement systemic change. Inspired by the international experience of establishing world-class universities, Project 5-100 was conceived and lobbied by a small but influential group of visionaries pushing for change who – acting in a concerted and purposive manner – acquired a novel and powerful capacity to use international expertise for the development of a key national project, capable of deeply transforming the country's higher educational system.

The academic research in the area of service marketing generally assumes friendly or neutral context of the encounters between employees and customers while providing or consuming the product. Recently, however, scholars are witnessing a new notion, namely 'Dark Side of Marketing' (DSM) which entails an increasing stream of pertinent publications in the literature. DSM is a complex yet multifaceted notion and refers to adverse effects of marketing paradigm implementation for humans, businesses and environment. Deviant behavior is a notable phenomenon pertinent to the nature of DSM, as it is mostly examined in relevant studies in comparison with other DSM manifestations. Deviant behavior is also emphasized in DSM studies because of its definitely negative impact on customer satisfaction, loyalty, WOM and, ultimately, on business performance metrics. To date, there is no DSM studies completed in the context of the Russian service industry as literature witnesses although this research question bears an apparent relevance for local business. This paper is destined to bridge this gap by defining the deviant behavior antecedents and gauging their consequences for marketing actors at the servicescape. The research results are based on empirical study of data collected from n=133 sample and on the analysis with utilization of Structural Equitation Modeling (SEM) method.

Introduction: The paper deals with the conception of state social management in Russia after the reform of the system of local self-government in the second half of the 19th century and the practical activities of charitable organizations at the provincial and district levels. Methods: The research is based on the social legislation of the period under study, the works of Russian social policy researchers of the 19th - early 20th centuries, materials of statistical collections, periodicals. Analysis: The concept of charity and philanthropy, being developed during the period under study, involved the transformation of public-private philanthropy into public charity. Its main actors are the provincial and city authorities, which solve social problems in conjunction with private charitable institutions and are responsible for the state of social problems. The state reserved coordination and control functions. Within the framework of this concept, specific guidelines for charitable work were developed, including: its distribution to all demographic and social groups in need, a wide range of types of social assistance, and even distribution of charitable institutions throughout the country. However, in practice, innovation touched mainly metropolitan and provincial cities. Territorial and city medical, educational, social and rehabilitation institutions that had emerged in provinces, expanded the possibilities of providing assistance to the most vulnerable segments of the population. However, their distribution was still not even, rural settlements lost significantly. In uyezds, charities were few and could not help all socially disadvantaged groups of society. Results: The article shows that in the period under study, the concept of public philanthropy was not fully implemented.

The article convincingly demonstrates that Russia is increasingly began to publish monographs lawyers on key legal and psychological phenomena, and in dissertations in the formulation of the provisions on the protection of delatsya criticism of "Westernization" of the state legislation and upheld psychologicaland position. At the same time, critically, it is noted that in the field of legal ideology and policies, and in making innovations in the law still, as in Soviet period, dominated by legal dogma, and psychological realities are taken into account in fragments. The reason for this state of Affairs is that still within the framework of University training and further education of local lawyers, in contrast to international practice, insufficient attention is paid to the development of psychological culture, but in the end no full-fledged dialogue between lawyers and psychologists. Taking into account possibilities of integrative methodology justified the subject of psychological law as an interdisciplinary science and the field of psychological practice focused on the identification of regularities and mechanisms of development of legal awareness and legal existence of various actors in the legal activity aimed at the development of psychologically informed interventions for the improvement of legal ideology and politics, systems of law-making, law enforcement and crime prevention, psycho-technical methods and techniques in activities of law enforcement officials. For constructive development of psychological jurisprudence identified the key areas of research and nodal practicerelevant problems.

International intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations are one of the main actors in fighting against human trafficking. Their activities are based on a human rights-based approach that is focused on the protection of victims of trafficking's rights. The United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Union, the OSCE elaborate legal norms which the international community relies on in the field of combating trafficking in human beings. IOM, ILO, UNICEF and a number of other organizations develop new international mechanisms and instruments to prevent human trafficking, labor and sexual ex-ploitation of adults and children. International organizations provide assistance to the Republic of Moldova in the counter-trafficking policy envelopment. Within the framework of inter-national cooperation, the US State Department and the GRETA expert group are carried out monitoring activities on different levels. Potential victims and victims of human trafficking are provided with assistance and protection; informational campaigns are conducted to prevent and combat human trafficking among socially vulnerable groups by International Center "La Strada" and other non-governmental organizations with support of IOM, the OSCE Mission to Moldova, other donors.But to achieve effective results, it is necessary to develop good national policy and unite efforts of governmental and nongovernmental organizations and all interested parties at local, regional and international levels which may ensure the protection of every person affected by human trafficking in accordance with international standards.