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Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the opportunities and limitations that the location-specific advantages of the home country represent for infant multinational enterprises (MNEs). The systemic weaknesses of the home country can constrain the long-term competitiveness of its firms and, ultimately, the competitiveness of its MNEs. Many emerging countries have a constrained set of location-specific (L) assets from which their firms are able to develop ownership-specific assets.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine data for the case of India, an economy regarded as having considerable potential to expand to knowledge-intensive sectors, using a "systems of innovation" framework, merged with an analysis of L advantages.


Findings
At the macro level, India's performance is not different from countries of similar economic structure, and its current pockets of excellence are a reflection of its L assets. The analysis suggests that the failure to foster and upgrade the L assets of emerging economies is likely to stunt the growth of their domestic firms and, ultimately, any new MNE activity in the long-term.


Research limitations/implications
In the case of India, systemic policy changes are needed to upgrade the knowledge infrastructure and institutions to support a shift in the competitive advantages to new sectors outside existing pockets of excellence. Indian firms are unlikely to be able to rely on the knowledge infrastructure of their home economy and will "exit" the Indian milieu because of weaknesses in L assets, as much as to seek markets and customers elsewhere. There will be few opportunities for new generations of firms to venture abroad from a position of strength, rather than as a means to overcome their home country disadvantages.


Originality/value
The evidence would suggest that – like other emerging economies – Indian firms are unlikely to be able to rely on the knowledge infrastructure of their home economy and are "exiting" the Indian milieu because of its weaknesses in L assets, as much as to seek markets and customers elsewhere. Most importantly, India faces a potential shortage of skilled human capital in the medium term.

PurposeRecent empirical findings on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance (I–P) suggest a significant role of firm's context. Extending this line of argument, the authors study the effect of internationalization on firm's performance for emerging market firms from knowledge-intensive industries, taking into account the firm's motive of internationalization and host country's location-based advantages.Design/methodology/approachThe authors link host country-specific advantages (CSAs) with firm-specific advantages (FSAs) to identify three distinct settings of internationalization for emerging economy firms – (1) asset-exploitative internationalization in developing or least developed countries, (2) asset-exploitative internationalization in developed countries and (3) strategic asset-seeking internationalization. The authors test this study's hypotheses on a sample of 415 Indian firms from knowledge-intensive industries.FindingsThe authors find that firm's performance upon internationalization is non-linear in each of the three different settings. The nature of the non-linear relationship depends upon location-based advantages of the host country and the motive of internationalization.Originality/valueThe motive of internationalization and the location-based advantages sought during internationalization are unique for emerging economy firms. Hence, the study extends understanding of the I–P linkage in an emerging economy context.

PurposeThis paper examines the role of location‐specific (L) advantages in the spatial distribution of multinational enterprise (MNE) R&D activity. The meaning of L advantages is revisited. In addition to L advantages that are industry‐specific, the paper emphasises that there is an important category of L advantages, referred to as collocation advantages.Design/methodology/approachUsing the OLI framework, this paper highlights that the innovation activities of MNEs are about interaction of these variables, and the essential process of internalising L advantages to enhance and create firm‐specific advantages.FindingsCollocation advantages derive from spatial proximity to specific unaffiliated firms, which may be suppliers, competitors, or customers. It is also argued that L advantages are not always public goods, because they may not be available to all firms at a similar or marginal cost. These costs are associated with access and internalisation of L advantages, and – especially in the case of R&D – are attendant with the complexities of embeddedness.Originality/valueThe centralisation/decentralisation, spatial separation/collocation debates in R&D location have been mistakenly viewed as a paradox facing firms, instead of as a trade‐off that firms must make.

AbstractAttractive locations based on geographic, environmental and strategic factors stimulate the concentration of economic activities, leading to urban spatial growth (Hariharan & Biswas, 2020). The onset of the knowledge‐based information and communication technology (KBICT) revolution credits the liberalization of India's economy from the early 1980s. The advent of liberal policies in the early 1990s stimulated foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangalore City, attributed to its environmental and geographic location advantages. Recognition of Indian skill and talent helped generate more than US$ 100 billion in export revenue and the regional diffusion of FDI, enabling competitiveness in the regional aggregation of KBICT industries. This article analyses the regional distribution of FDI through Dunning's framework.

Governments, corporations, and other organizations are expanding further into remote locations, such as polar regions, space, and other relatively inaccessible areas with minimal development. However, with this increased interest in remote areas, there is a shortage of scholarly work to draw upon for operating in these regions. Therefore, this presents an opportunity to fill an academic gap, and the article asks, 'How can sustainability be a source of competitive advantage for logistics in remote locations?' To explore this question and to serve as a resource for future researchers, the article defines key terms, utilizes an interdisciplinary framework by integrating the academic disciplines of business and sustainability, and supplies a detailed literature review. From this groundwork, the article follows a qualitative methodology whereby three hypotheses emerge. The research results offer that sustainability can be a source of competitive advantage for logistics in remote locations by: sustainable logistics innovation; reducing, reusing, and recycling; and optimizing supply networks. Finally, the article closes with a discussion and summary, by recognizing research limitations and by contributing recommendations for future dialogue and research.

It's estimated that 80 percent of an organization's data contains spatial attributes, but many don't understand how to unlock the potential of this data for their organizations to make better decisions. You have just been handed the keys by finding this book. Readers will unlock these methods by learning about location analytics as well as taking a deep dive into the Planned Grocery platform created in part by the author. The Planned Grocery location analytics platform has been mentioned in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Bloomberg, and Business Insider. A sampling of clients of Planned Grocery include: Philips Edison and Company, Just Fresh, Slate Retail REIT, Wegmans, and Whole Foods. The practical information in this book is designed to prepare you to recognize and take advantage of situations where you and your organization can become more successful using location analytics. This will be accomplished by taking you through an explanation of the fundamentals of location analytics, by looking at various case studies, by learning how to identify and analyze spatial data sets, and by learning about the companies that are doing interesting work in this space.