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Generous income support programs as provided by European welfare states have often been blamed to reduce work incentives for lower income classes and to increase durations of unemployment. Standard studies measure work incentives based on annual income concepts. This paper analyzes how work incentives inherent in the German tax-benefit system evolve when extending the time horizon to three years (long-term). Participation tax rates are computed for 3-year periods 1995-1997 and 2005-2007 to reveal potential effects of the labor market reforms between 2003 and 2005. Results show that long-term work incentives increased even more than short-term work incentives. Particularly for middle-income individuals, this is largely explained by the abolition of earnings-related unemployment assistance. -- welfare ; work incentives ; unemployment ; unemployment insurance

Intro -- AMERICA'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK -- AMERICA'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE LONG-TERM FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLOOK -- SUMMARY -- PROJECTIONS SHOW THAT CURRENT FISCAL POLICY IS UNSUSTAINABLE -- The Effects of Current Policy on the Economy -- Why Can't the Contributions of Young Workers Finance the Benefits That They Have Been Promised? -- Trust Funds Cannot Finance Future Benefits from a Government-Wide Perspective -- ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF REFORM OPTIONS -- Prefunding to Reduce the Scope of Policy Changes -- Inter-Generational Equity -- Reducing Uncertainty -- Reform Options: Reducing Benefits -- Social Security24 -- Medicare and Medicaid -- Reform Options: Raising Taxes -- Reform Options: Individual Accounts -- CONCLUSION -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 THE LONG-TERM BUDGET OUTLOOK -- THE FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLOOK OVER THE LONG RUN -- Introduction and Summary -- The Outlook for Federal Spending -- BOX 1-2. AGING, EXCESS COST GROWTH IN HEALTH SPENDING, AND THE FEDERAL BUDGET -- The Outlook for Revenues -- Projected Deficits and Debt -- How Would Rising Federal Debt Affect the Economy? -- BOX 1-3. WHY IS FEDERAL DEBT HELD BY THE PUBLIC IMPORTANT? -- Debt as a Measure of Fiscal Sustainability -- Historical and Cross-Country Debt Comparisons -- Alternative Fiscal Scenario -- Extended-Baseline Scenario -- What Are the Costs of Delaying Action on the Budget? -- THE LONG-TERM OUTLOOK FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID -- Overview of the Medicare Program -- Overview of the Medicaid Program -- Growth in the Programs' Costs -- Medicare -- Medicaid -- Projections of the Programs' Costs -- Projections Under Alternative Assumptions -- Trust Fund Measures -- Slowing the Growth of Health Care Costs -- THE LONG-TERM OUTLOOK FOR SOCIAL SECURITY.

"Reforming Long-term Care in Europe offers the most up-to-date analysis of the features and developments of long-term care in Europe. Each chapter focuses on a key question in the policy debate in each country and offers a description and analysis of each system. Offers the very latest analysis of long-term care reform agendas in Europe. Compares countries comparatively less studied with the experiences of reform in Germany, the UK, Netherlands and Sweden. Each chapter focuses on a key question in the policy debate in each country and portrays a description and analysis of each system. Contributions from a wide range of European scholars for an exceptionally broad perspective."--

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 The Plight of the Dependent Elderly and Their Families -- 2 The Plight of Paid Workers in Long-term Care -- 3 Tracing Injustice in Long-term Care -- 4 An Ecological Ethic -- 5 Realizing Justice Globally in Long-term Care -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W.

Intro -- Cover Page -- Brief Contents -- Detailed Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Overview of Long-Term Care -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Part II: Management of Long-Term Care, Services, and Supports -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- Chapter 13 -- Chapter 14 -- Chapter 15 -- Chapter 16 -- Chapter 17 -- Chapter 18 -- Epilogue -- Glossary -- Index -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors.

Change in the culture of long-term care and the care of our elders is urgently needed! This insightful book lights the way. This book will inform you about the theoretical and practical applications of culture change within the institutional long-term care setting. It examines existing models of ?positive cultures,? emphasizing philosophy, underpinning, and implementation. You'll gain a greater understanding of theoretical frameworks for organizational change, of the changes that can occur in all members of the long-term care community, and of culture change in the context of broad organizati

Winner of an AJN Book of the Year Award!. Nursing homes are rich repositories of data, yet are underutilized for controlled research studies. This book is a hands-on guide to conducting long-term care research in both nursing homes and home care settings. It offers an overview of possible research in the field along with practical information on how to gain access to and work with complex institutions that may not welcome change. The author also suggests the most effective research methodology for long-term care settings, and how to implement and disseminate successful research

This book is among the first to examine the social, political, economic, and environmental dimensions of major long-term changes in the systems of energy supply and use. Providing a uniquely holistic perspective on the dynamics of energy and societal changes, the authors examine historical examples of major energy transitions--from petroleum and na

Intro -- Contents -- 1. The Meaning of Autonomy in Long-Term Care -- Different Concepts of Autonomy -- Autonomy, Privacy, and Liberty -- Conclusion -- 2. How Did We Get Here? A Brief History of the Nursing Home -- The Colonial Period -- The Rise of Institutions -- The Jacksonian Approach -- The Early Twentieth Century -- Social Security and the Advent of Proprietary Homes -- The Emerging Medical Model -- The Growth of Regulation -- The Regulatory Criteria at the Time of This Study -- Conclusion -- 3. The Research Setting and Strategies -- The Research Setting -- Research Strategy-The Use of Participant Observational Techniques -- Nonethnographic Data Collection -- Informed Consent -- Analysis -- Conclusion -- 4. The Value Basis of Long-Term Care -- Positive Staff Evaluations -- Negative Staff Evaluations -- Family Values -- Residence Staff Values -- Conclusion -- 5. Caring and Cared-for: Role Relationships in Long-Term Care -- The Role Relationships of Patient and Physician -- Role Relationships in Intermediate and Skilled Care -- Family Roles -- Role Relationships in the Residence -- Conclusion -- 6. Restrictions -- Preserving the Body -- Compliance with Fiscal Policies -- Maintenance of Institutional Routines -- Conclusion -- 7. Activities and Schedules: The Routine of Daily Life -- Temporal Autonomy -- Schedules of Care -- Scheduled Breaks in the Routine-Weekly Activities -- Residence Routines and Schedules -- Conclusion -- 8. Interaction Patterns and Autonomy -- Staff-Patient Interaction Patterns -- Staff-Resident Interactions -- Patient/Patient Interactions -- Conclusion -- 9. Privacy: Access to Space and Property -- Spatial Rights -- Privacy of Possessions -- Information Privacy -- Bodily Privacy -- Residential Units -- Conclusion -- 10. Physical Redirection and Restraint -- Physical Redirection -- Restraints -- Conclusion.