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Argues that migration control is not an answer to security difficulties created by the "undocumented immigration problem" & security agencies do not develop new policies in response to political challenges/threats. Rather, the production of discourses that link migration & security is part of the "political game" played by Western democracies. Security agencies have their own view of threats & their own methods of control. They compete with each other for inclusion of their goals in politicians' platforms by constructing problems that allow them to implement their traditional solutions. The social construction of threats by various members of the community of security professionals is analyzed, along with the diminishing lines between internal & external security; the emergence of immigration as a global security problem; & ways the discourse about illegal immigrants is framed by "struggles for a monopoly of the definition & hierarchy of threats." Bureaucratic games, the media's role, blurred lines between military & police activities, & identification of the immigrant as a common adversary are explored. 106 References. J. Lindroth

An analysis of migration in modern European history points out problematic aspects of research on where people lived "then" & where they live "now." It is maintained that "local" migration occurs within a geographically contiguous labor, land, or marriage market; "circular" migration involves movement to a destination for a distinct purpose & return to the place of origin after a specific interval; "chain" migration involves the movement of sets of related people from one place to another through social arrangements; & "career" migration involves moves in response to career opportunities within large structures. It is suggested that in the age of industrialization the general character of European migration shifted from local & circular migration toward longer-distance, more definite chain & career migration. Migrants have traditionally moved short distances in response to changing employment opportunities or demographic imbalances; however, there has been an increase in both average distances moved & the definitiveness of breaks with the place of origin. The need to rethink the relationship between industrialization & mobility is emphasized. J. Lindroth

The findings of the UN International Migration Report 2002, which provides an overview of international migration levels, trends & policies, indicate that 175 million persons (about 3 percent of the world population) are currently living in a country other than where they were born. Sixty percent of these migrants are living in more developed regions with the greatest number living in Europe (56 million), Asia (50 million), & North America (41 million). The four countries with the highest proportion of migrants are the United Arab Emirates (74 percent), Kuwait (58 percent), Jordan (40 percent), & Israel (37 percent). Growing concerns about the economic, social, & political impact of immigration has led developed countries to enact more restrictive policies & many developing countries are moving in the same direction. International conventions & protocols that have been developed to protect migrants are reviewed. Although migration information remains incomplete & often inaccurate, the UN is facilitating a dialogue among nations in order to develop efficient capacities to deal with challenges related to international migration. Tables. J. Lindroth

The findings of the UN International Migration Report 2002, which provides an overview of international migration levels, trends & policies, indicate that 175 million persons (about 3 percent of the world population) are currently living in a country other than where they were born. Sixty percent of these migrants are living in more developed regions with the greatest number living in Europe (56 million), Asia (50 million), & North America (41 million). The four countries with the highest proportion of migrants are the United Arab Emirates (74 percent), Kuwait (58 percent), Jordan (40 percent), & Israel (37 percent). Growing concerns about the economic, social, & political impact of immigration has led developed countries to enact more restrictive policies & many developing countries are moving in the same direction. International conventions & protocols that have been developed to protect migrants are reviewed. Although migration information remains incomplete & often inaccurate, the UN is facilitating a dialogue among nations in order to develop efficient capacities to deal with challenges related to international migration. Tables. J. Lindroth

Argues that microanalytic & macroanalytic migration theories both tend to ignore the political dimension of international migrations. A political perspective approach to migration issues is offered that incorporates some of the most useful aspects of micro- & macro- theories by emphasizing the transfer of jurisdiction as the constitutive element of international migrations. International migration is viewed as a "deviance from the prevailing norm of social organization at the world level." It is suggested that international migration can best be understood as a social phenomenon that includes tension between the preferences of individuals & the interests of societies. Any thorough evaluation of the costs & benefits of migration requires an examination of both individual & collective accounts. The analytical ramifications of the political perspective are pointed out, noting that it is also an effective framework for analyzing the behavior of societies. The implications of the conflict between the freedom to leave deprived regions of the world & the freedom of more fortunate countries to preserve their favorable endowment by restricting entry are discussed. J. Lindroth

Argues that microanalytic & macroanalytic migration theories both tend to ignore the political dimension of international migrations. A political perspective approach to migration issues is offered that incorporates some of the most useful aspects of micro- & macro- theories by emphasizing the transfer of jurisdiction as the constitutive element of international migrations. International migration is viewed as a "deviance from the prevailing norm of social organization at the world level." It is suggested that international migration can best be understood as a social phenomenon that includes tension between the preferences of individuals & the interests of societies. Any thorough evaluation of the costs & benefits of migration requires an examination of both individual & collective accounts. The analytical ramifications of the political perspective are pointed out, noting that it is also an effective framework for analyzing the behavior of societies. The implications of the conflict between the freedom to leave deprived regions of the world & the freedom of more fortunate countries to preserve their favorable endowment by restricting entry are discussed. J. Lindroth

"Assessing the migration potential and predicting future migration streams are among the most relevant, yet least well understood topics of migration research. The usual approach taken to address aggregate-level prediction problems is to fit ad hoc specifications to historical data, and to extrapolate from these estimates on the basis of conditioning information that is assumed to be knowue with certainty. In this context, this strategy faces formidable problems that exceed the usual difficulties arising for the prediction of economic variables. This paper addresses this extrapolation problem formally, with an application to the case of EU-enlargement and the ensuing migration streams to be expected from Eastern Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Introduces a section in The Migration Reader: Exploring Politics and Policies on Migration in the Global Era. Discusses the effects of globalization on migration patterns.

An introductory chapter notes that the relationship between migration flows & state policies has been a neglected topic in migration studies that has traditionally separated the two. This volume begins to fill that void by focusing on the link between flows & policies at a time when the supply of international migrants is far greater than the demand for them. Migration "control dilemmas" faced by liberal democratic nations with capitalist economies are examined as a way to analyze the infrastructure of contemporary immigration. It is contended that states cope with these migration control dilemmas either through strategies of "visibility" at the border, or via "remote control," which involves delegating controls to third parties. The increasing connection between migration & both domestic & international security is discussed, along with growing crime rates among immigrants; difficulties involved in dealing with "irregular" migration; the unintended consequences of current migration controls; & adaptation strategies adopted by migrants. The organization & key themes of the book are described. 1 Figure, 78 References. J. Lindroth

An introductory chapter notes that the relationship between migration flows & state policies has been a neglected topic in migration studies that has traditionally separated the two. This volume begins to fill that void by focusing on the link between flows & policies at a time when the supply of international migrants is far greater than the demand for them. Migration "control dilemmas" faced by liberal democratic nations with capitalist economies are examined as a way to analyze the infrastructure of contemporary immigration. It is contended that states cope with these migration control dilemmas either through strategies of "visibility" at the border, or via "remote control," which involves delegating controls to third parties. The increasing connection between migration & both domestic & international security is discussed, along with growing crime rates among immigrants; difficulties involved in dealing with "irregular" migration; the unintended consequences of current migration controls; & adaptation strategies adopted by migrants. The organization & key themes of the book are described. 1 Figure, 78 References. J. Lindroth

"A token of our time is the 'opening of places to the world.' Migration movements have significantly contributed to this phenomenon. This is evident in particular in urban everyday life. Urban development and urbanity are today scarcely conceivable without migration. Nonetheless, this fact appears to be but weakly anchored in public consciousness. Negative attributions continue to stamp discourse on migration. Migrants are labeled as aliens and criticized for being resistant to Integration. This paper reverses the perspective, discussing the relevance of migration-linked diversity in the urban context as exemplified in everyday life in Cologne. The main thesis is that diversity through migration is an urban resource." (author's abstract)