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Desde hace tiempo se viene debatiendo sobre la naturaleza de los procesos selectivos en el ámbito público. El objetivo de este escrito es aportar criterios sobre los principales aspectos a medir en las oposiciones, así como sobre los tipos de instrumentos que permiten medir dichos aspectos clave. Ambas cuestiones son abordadas desde la evidencia científica acumulada por la investigación en psicología del trabajo, por lo que se hace énfasis en los resultados de metaanálisis publicados en revistas académicas y en obras de referencia. En base a dichos resultados se proponen una serie de diseños selectivos y se concluye precisando una serie de retos pendientes para poder mejorar la eficacia y la eficiencia de la selección en las Administraciones Públicas.
Aspalditik ari gara eremu publikoko hautaketa-prozesuen izaerari buruz eztabaidatzen. Idazki honen helburua oposizioetan neurtu beharreko alderdi nagusiei buruzko irizpideak ematea da, baita funtsezko alderdi horiek neurtzeko aukera ematen duten tresna motei buruzkoak ere. Bi gai horiek lanaren psikologiako ikerketak metatutako ebidentzia zientifikotik jorratzen dira, eta, beraz, aldizkari akademikoetan eta erreferentziazko lanetan argitaratutako metaanalisien emaitzak azpimarratzen dira. Emaitza horietan oinarrituta, hautaketa diseinu batzuk proposatzen dira, eta, amaitzeko, herri-administrazioetan hautaketaren eraginkortasuna eta efizientzia hobetu ahal izateko erronka batzuk adierazten dira.
The nature of selection processes in the public sphere has been debated for some time. The aim of this paper is to provide criteria on the main aspects to be measured in competitive examinations, as well as on the types of instruments that allow these key aspects to be measured. Both issues are addressed taking into account the scientific evidence accumulated by research in occupational psychology, for which emphasis is placed on the results of meta-analyses published in academic journals and reference works. Based on these results, a series of selection designs are proposed and the paper concludes by specifying a series of pending challenges in order to improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of selection in Public Administrations.

The article analyzes semantic and axiological transformations of the classical fairy-tale plot of «Cinderella» being observed in such verbal and creolized texts of the Runet distractive discourse as anecdotes, jokes, statuses, demotivators, memes. These anonymous variative speech products are regarded as samples of the so called «naive» gender knowledge. Being an inalienable part of Russian gender Internet discourse, they constitute valuable resourse of information about the Russian speaking Internet users spontaneous beliefs of the actual gender order. The author defines Russian gender Internet discourse as dynamically broadening formation Internet texts of gender theme and agenda having different nature, structural organization, linguostylistic specifics and genre parameters, containing implicit gender senses and producing its own discoursive semantic dominants, values and antivalues. The author specifies that the name of the fairy-tale heroine is a usual connotative literary anthroponym which plays an essential role in organization of the semantic space created in distractive Internet texts. The quantitative analysis results show that 75 % of the revealed text about Cinderella contain explicit gender senses, represent typical femininity and masculinity images and perform marriage and romance as antivalues. The author reveals that 93 % of all gendered Internet texts about Cinderella clearly express negative evaluation of the generalized feminine image (126 items, 57 % of the total number), masculine image (58 items, 26,2 %), marriage and romance (29 texts, 13,1 %), but some samples contain negative evaluation both marriage as a social institution and one of the gender categories. The vagrant fairy-tale plot with its key images, motives and axiologemes become an object of mocking and carnivalesque reinterpretaton of anonymous Internet users. The author shows that the classical source main components occurring in the semantic space of the modern Russian cyberlore artifacts suffer grotesque transformations. That leads to the concepts of «Love» and «Marriage» deaxiologization and creating generalized negatives images of femininity and masculinity.

We are told that:Phosphorus is integral to modern agriculture; you can't grow anything without it. But the element is also finite; it cannot be made and cannot be substituted. As we eat ever more, demand is rising nearly twice as fast as the growth of the human population.Scientists have suggested that production may have peaked over a decade ago and reserves will have been completely depleted by the end of this century. What happens then? We probably don't want to find out. We do not face some problem of peak phosphorous. That reserves might run out is only because reserves are what has been prepared for imminent usage. Or, as the US Geological Survey puts it "World resources of phosphate rock are more than 300 billion tons. There are no imminent shortages of phosphate rock" Even if there were such shortages of phosphate rock that wouldn't matter - phosphorous is, as we've pointed out in Nature, 0.1% of the entire lithosphere of the planet. Quite enough to be going on with. We've also explained this in Forbes, even at (free!) book length.It is indeed entirely possible to have too much phosphorous in the wrong place - algal blooms and all that. But the idea that we've some shortage of the element either looming or even possible on anything less than multi-millennial scales is simply nonsense. It is one of these things that just is not true.Which does open up an interesting can of worms really. If the entire political and cultural sphere is infested with such untruths then how good is government or government planning going to be? A usual hope - clearly oft dashed - about such things being that they at least start from reality.All we're asking for here is basic informational competence - too much, eh?

The Russian-Ukrainian war that broke out in February 2022 led to global effects, especially in the economic and political field. In the economic field, it led to a significant rise in prices, especially in the energy markets. The reason for this rise in prices is the exacerbation of tensions on the Russian-Ukrainian border due to the presence of military build-ups. Because Russia reduced its gas supplies to Europe, before the outbreak of the military operation, which was met by the countries of the Western bloc with intense economic sanctions, most of the Russian sectors were targeted, except for the energy sector, because it is a vital element for European countries, and the high rates of global inflation negatively affect the world. This is due to the lack of supply and the lack of risk in it, which causes increased demand and high prices, and by reading the global economic reality, an important question is raised in this regard: Will the high global inflation rates remain a continuous or temporary crisis? The answer to such a question lies in all countries of the world developing quick economic solutions, such as removing taxes and fees on production inputs and local industries and providing support to them, as well as the agricultural and commercial sector. These proposals are more effective in developing countries because they are the most affected by the problem of high rates of inflation ، In the political sphere, the sanctions imposed on Russia have an economic aspect. But its essence is political, because every measure that disrupts the economic wheel is a direct and clear effect of politics. Relations with countries may worsen, and this creates political pressures that will influence the reversal of some decisions that create problems in international politics. A good example of that is the following table, which will clarify the nature of sanctions. imposed by some countries on Russia.

PurposeRobotic process automation (RPA) has recently emerged as a technology focusing on the automation of repetitive, frequent, voluminous and rule-based tasks. Despite a few practical examples that document successful RPA deployments in organizations, evidence of its economic benefits has been mostly anecdotal. The purpose of this paper is to present a step-by-step method to RPA investment appraisal and a business case demonstrating how the steps can be applied to practice.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology relies on design science research (DSR). The step-by-step method is a design artefact that builds on the mapping of processes and modelling of the associated costs. Due to the longitudinal nature of capital investments, modelling uses discounted cashflow and present value methods. Empirical grounding characteristic to DSR is achieved by field testing the artefact.FindingsThe step-by-step method is comprised of a preparatory step, three modelling steps and a concluding step. The modelling consists of compounding the interest rate, discounting the investment costs and establishing measures for comparison. These steps were applied to seven business processes to be automated by the case company, Estate Blend. The decision to deploy RPA was found to be trivial, not only based on the initial case data, but also based on multiple sensitivity analyses that showed how resistant RPA investments are to changing circumstances.Practical implicationsBy following the provided step-by-step method, executives and managers can quantify the costs and benefits of RPA. The developed method enables any organization to directly compare investment alternatives against each other and against the probable status quo where many tasks in organizations are still carried out manually with little to no automation.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a growing new domain in the field of business process management by capitalizing on DSR and modelling-based approaches to RPA investment appraisal.

Purpose
The aim of this conceptual paper, predicated on a hermeneutic literature review, is to improve understanding of the nature of value continues to be extensively studied with its ability to create competitive advantage. Understanding what constitutes value improves corporate social responsibility (CSR) comprehension, including managerial CSR values. This paper aligns with studies into value and/or CSR, whether hermeneutic or otherwise.


Design/methodology/approach
This study provides a reflexively critical understanding of the value literature. It focuses on the "identifying" stage of a hermeneutic circle (identifying central terms, core journals and seminal authors). A hermeneutic helix is proposed to better reflect the need of constant re-interpretation of the relevant literature.


Findings
Themes include value location (value in exchange, value in use, value in meaning and value in context); architecture (pathways, constellations and networks); creation versus determination; and value types.


Research limitations/implications
This paper neither seeks to define value nor delve into the overarching value discourses. It does, however, refer to the antecedents for these areas. As a hermeneutic literature review, it lacks empirical testing.


Practical implications
CSR practices are strongly influenced by personal values. Hence, CSR practitioners must identify the processes involved and differentiate between the sought value and value types.


Social implications
The paper could engender better understanding gaps between stakeholder attitudes and practices, i.e. consumers self-identifying as "green" may not engage in ecologically sound practices. As discussed herein, the value sought by university students influences where (and what) to study.


Originality/value
Outdated notions such as value propositions are widely used; value may be proposed; however, only stakeholders can take value. What constitutes value is under-represented in the CSR literature. Hence, terms such as value and values (i.e. value types) are incorrectly used interchangeably.

The ongoing Russian military operation in Ukraine since February 2022 has presented significant challenges to China's foreign and security policies, as well as its economic and technological ties with the West. Initially, China refrained from criticizing Russia's military actions and adopted a "neutral" or "independent" stance in response to Western criticism. However, China was taken aback by the protracted nature of the conflict and Russia's inability to successfully conclude its military operation. This raised concerns within China, considering its own situation of potentially reunifying with Taiwan through military means if necessary. While there are distinctions between the situations in Ukraine and Taiwan, the initial speculation of China conducting military operations against Taiwan has gradually diminished, although military pressure on Taiwan remains. The conflict in Ukraine has also caused internal divisions within China and has had an impact on its relations with the West, which are crucial for China's rise on the global stage. This article aims to examine China's interests and positions regarding the ongoing Ukrainian conflict, the implications for its relations with Russia, and the opportunities and challenges that China faces in the current situation. The article employs an inductive approach, analyzing China's predicaments at four levels: perceptions within the decision-making bodies of the Communist Party, the foreign ministry, think-tanks, and the media community. It argues that in conjunction with China's economic contraction resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian military operation has prompted China to seriously contemplate how to safeguard its national interests, particularly with regard to Taiwan and its strategic objectives of attaining a prominent global position. These considerations carry medium to long-term implications for the evolving regional and global orders. In conclusion, the article briefly discusses the implications of these developments on India, shedding light on the broader regional dynamics influenced by China's response to the Ukrainian conflict.

The article considers Dinner by V. S. Filimonov (1837) as a literary and gastronomic poem. The dishes mentioned by the poet are not only of practical use, they are incorporated into the system of literary relationships, and become a source of intertextual connections and allusions. V. S. Filimonov's characters taste not only and not so much the dishes and drinks served; they rather taste life itself: over dinner they satisfy their hunger of long-expected meetings with true friends, have polemic conversations, relish literary novelties. The research focuses on the food culture of Ancient Rome. The poem Dinner follows the forming system of images of the Russian Italiana of the 1840s, but its thematic peculiarity allows S. V. Filimonov to show the power, the eternity of Rome from another point of view – the everyday one. Five categories, recreating the picture of the gastronomic life of the great empire, have been singled out: popular phrases and Latin expressions; culinary dishes; names and events; elements of everyday life and customs; quotes from the works of Roman authors. The object of research in this article is the first category: popular phrases and Latin expressions. A transformation of the expressions "edimus ut vivamus", "non vivimus ut edamus", "sub rosā", "in vino veritas" can be traced. A probable source of the Latin expression "nubes exculenta" for V. S. Filimonov is assumed to be the treatise of a French political leader J. A. Brillat-Savarin. By studying the culinary encyclopedia, dictionaries and cookbooks of the 18–21st centuries, an attempt is made to identify the dishes included in the notion of "nubes exculenta" (edible clouds). The poem Dinner is compared to the original texts of the Roman authors – Natural History by Pliny the Elder, On Nature, On the Blessed Life by Seneca. The Latin sources have been translated by the author of the article.

The article deals with the reconstruction of the concept of (non)return in the lyrical poetry of G. Adamovich and G. Ivanov. The concept is considered in two ways: as an image in the space of culture and as a methodological formula for the analysis of images of the artistic consciousness. The main lexical means of representing the concept are cognate verb forms, the most frequent of which is the verb "return". It is assumed that the core of the concept of (non)return is the topological scheme of movement, including the subject of movement, the route, the environment, the means of movement, and the assessment of the result of movement. It is shown how the basic scheme varies in the texts of the two poets. The adaptations of the basic scheme of movement differ in the conceptualization of the method and environment of movement in the texts of G. Adamovich, in manifold figurative interpretation of the starting and ending points of the path in the poetry of G. Ivanov. In the poetry of G. Ivanov, the valency of the locative with the verb to return is filled with three lexemes: to Russia, to St. Petersburg, home. The images of Russia and the home are internally antinomic. Russia unites three mental spaces of the artistic world: Russia-empire, Soviet Russia and an imaginary homeland. Figurative representations of home range from ideas of an abandoned homeland to the last refuge in eternity. For the St. Petersburg poets G. Ivanov and G. Adamovich, the idea of returning to Russia was invariably associated with the image of St. Petersburg, causing the appearance of elements of the St. Petersburg text. The space of return is the space of their shared memory. The antinomic nature of the concept is confirmed both by its lexical representations and by the ambivalence of the assessment of the idea itself and of the possibility of returning home.

Relevance. Organic agriculture is a dynamically developing area of the global agro-industrial complex. The global problems of the climate plan and the depletion of natural resources throughout the planet dictate the need to revise the technologies used in food production. Excessive intensification of agricultural production due to mineralization and fertilization of soils, hormonal stimulation of the growth of animals and plants has led to a deterioration in the quality of water, soil, air and, in general, the health of the population. Therefore, the problem of reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment is the main trend in the implementation of the principles of organic production.The purpose of this study is aimed at assessing the potential of organic agricultural production on the example of the leading countries and the problems associated with the development of this area in Russia.Objectives: to assess the volume of the world organic market and the dynamics of its development over 10 years; to consider the latest changes in the organization of Russian organic production after the entry into force of the N-208 Federal Law; to analyze the areas of organic agriculture by region and to identify countries leaders of organic production; refer to the experience of state support of the leading countries in organic production; assess the potential of Russian organic production; determine the future direction for the implementation of organic principles.Methodology. In the work, methods of scientific knowledge of a theoretical and methodological nature were used, graphs were used to illustrate the statistical data, and the method of generalization and synthesis was used to formulate conclusions.Results. Recommendations for the strategic development of the Russian market of organic production were developed within the framework of the current EAEU agreement.Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn about the expansion of state tools for stimulating the development of organic agricultural production in the context of changing world economic relations and integrations.

Abstract
Dyes are among the main environmental pollutants, due to the high amount of discharge of wastewater, lost in the dyeing process, without any further treatment. Anthraquinone dyes are stable and resistant in the aquatic system. Among the methods that have been applied to remove these dyes from wastewaters, adsorption on activated carbon has been reported as a very effective technique, and its modification with oxides and hydroxides of metals have been used to increase its surface area. In the present study, the production of activated carbon was originated by coconut shells, and a mixture of metals and metalloids, such as magnesium, silicate, lanthanum, and aluminum (AC-Mg-Si-La-Al), was used for its subsequent modification and applied to Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) removal. AC-Mg-Si-La-Al surface morphology was studied by BET, FTIR, and SEM methods. For the evaluation of AC-Mg-Si-La-Al, several parameters, such as dosage, pH, contact time, and initial RBBR concentration were studied. According to the results, in pH 5.0 ± 0.1, the dye percentage rate reached 100% by applying 0.5 g/L. Therefore, the optimal dose of 0.4 g/L and pH 5.0 ± 0.1 are selected, which leads to 99% removal of RBBR. The experimental data found to better fit to Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9189) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9291) models and 4 h were the sufficient time for adsorption. According to thermodynamics, a positive value of ∆H0 (19.661 kJ/mol) suggests the endothermic nature of the process. The AC-Mg-Si-La-Al adsorbent was able to regenerate after 5 cycles of use, showing only a 17% decrease in its efficiency. Because of its effectiveness in full RBBR removal, AC-Mg-Si-La-Al could be further examined for the removal of several other dyes, even anionic or cationic.
Graphical Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the entry-level student's awareness of environmental sustainability focussing on the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) campus and measure the effectiveness of the course materials. A comparison between the students who took the general education sustainability (GESU 121) course face to face and the ones who tool it online was applied.


Design/methodology/approach
This study was descriptive in nature, and the data is obtained using a cross-sectional survey of the students attending the UAEU in 2020. The data collection was done in two semesters, Spring 2020 [face-to-face class] and Fall 2020 [online class, after COVID-19 effect]. A total of 160 participants responded to the survey. The Pearson's Chi-square test for independence was conducted and used to identify if any statistical differences exist between the studied variables.


Findings
This study revealed that the awareness of environmental sustainability was increased in both groups [face-to-face students and online students], after taking the course. In addition, around 80% of the students were interested to participate in sustainability initiatives on the UAEU campus. The students' perception of the statements about the UAEU campus environmental sustainability varied from Spring 2020 (53.3% were not sure that the UAEU campus is environmentally sustainable) to Fall 2022 (63% of the online students believed that the campus is environmentally sustainable).


Originality/value
Students' awareness and perception are very important to improve the environmental sustainability of the University campus. The novelty of this study is to examine the awareness of entry-level students among the environmental sustainability focussing on the UAEU campus and examine the effect of COVID-19 [online classes] on delivering the course knowledge. The findings of this study provide the information for the improvement of the course for the future semesters.

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacting the whole service sector, including higher education, has forced universities to quickly innovate and recreate. The sanitary crisis resulted in the greatest disruption to educational systems in human history, as well as a shift in the nature, qualifications, and mix of the workforce. The reopening of higher education institutions is another concern, with numerous new operational procedures in place, new opportunities, and prospective curriculum adjustments based on labour market realities. Due to the development of technology, businesses' requirements for human resource credentials and job types underwent several modifications. This study's goal is to investigate how COVID-19 has influenced curriculum revisions and employability requirements. The research used a mixed methodology, with quantitative analysis of changes in enrolled students by major and a qualitative study including two different sets of surveys based on the innovation and employability theories addressed to five human resource (HR) directors from institutions and organizations in Lebanon, as well as three universities. The objective was to answer the following questions: How can universities adapt to the changing demands of the labour market specifically in times of crisis? Should university curricula place greater emphasis on students' personal growth than on technical and conventional learning? The results lead to re-thinking about what higher education systems and institutions can do to redesign their curricula in accordance with the job market and the expectations of the students in this challenging context, where employment security and job market stability issues are more urgent due to the economic crisis and advanced technologies. According to the findings, the research implications include boosting the implementation of the new curriculum through improved HR practices from the Ministry of Education. This will also encourage innovative performance, which will necessitate realistic, swift technical procedures to be unbeatable, creative, and competitive. This study adds significantly to the literature by suggesting curriculum adjustments for online courses and e-training.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to summarize that impact has exerted on legal regulations aimed at eradicating stalking and cyberstalking crimes in the Polish criminal law during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper explores also some operation methods employed by perpetrators, in particular those involving violent acts with the use of digital tools.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHOD: The text is based on the analytical method aiming to measure the factual, not the declarative ratio legis. The problem was studied based on the interpretation of the applicable law, as well as a survey of the legal doctrine views and judicial decisions. To some extent, the historical method was employed in order to demonstrate how former stalking regulations in Poland had been evolving.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This paper discusses the analysis the issue of the methods employed by perpetrators, legal nature of stalking as a criminal offence, focused particularly on the characteristics of causal acts stipulated in Art. 190 a of the Polish Criminal Code.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The Polish legislator was correct, that was necessary amending the former criminal law regulations on the criminal offence of stalking, due to an observable surge in cyberbullying during the pandemic. It was also resonable tightening the penal liability for committing qualified stalking and extending descriptions of prohibited acts by adding new crime qualities should be also viewed as justified and beneficial. However, increasing penal measures for criminal offences stipulated in Art. 190.a.1 and 2 of the Criminal Code should not be approved of.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Despite of the changes introduced in the Polish criminal law cannot be fully justified as properly addressing international appeals for tackling gender-based cyberbullying, all in all, they should be seen as a step in the right direction.

No sphere of life in modern society can function without a developed information structure. The national information resource is today one of the main sources of economic and military power of the state. Penetrating into all spheres of state activity, information acquires specific political, material and cost expressions. Today, anything carries some kind of information. Even elementary household appliances can be presented as a carrier of information — information about the principles of its design and operation. Modern Russia is at the stage of transition to a post-industrial economy and an information society. The success of this transition directly depends on the normal circulation of information and the optimization of social management. In the light of the social nature of society and a person, information freely circulating in society creates the prerequisites for creating a more developed society, at the expense of a more intellectually developed person. In this regard, it is advisable to talk about the need to organize the optimal provision of a citizen with a wide variety of information, meet the information needs of the individual and achieve the information openness of society. Legal access relations are one-sided, i.e. The rights of the consumer to receive information correspond to the obligations of the supplier to provide it. Enough questions arise in determining the characteristics that information must have in order to be considered usable. In modern Russian legislation, among others, the terms «completeness», «reliability», «objectivity», «distortion» appear, but the content of these categories has not been established. In this regard, it is advisable to talk about the need to organize the optimal provision of a citizen with a wide variety of information, meet the information needs of the individual and achieve the information openness of society.