Suchergebnisse

Introduction. Locating a nonideal theory in Kant's political thought: a systematic approach -- History and politics: political history and cosmopolitanism -- A matter of orientation -- Historical patterns, political aims -- Nature, culture, and politics: political anthropology and cosmopolitanism -- Organisms, bodies politic, and progress -- Political Zweckmässigkeit, or from nature to culture -- Nature and politics: political geography and cosmopolitan right -- Teleology and peace on earth -- Peace, hospitality, and the shape of the earth -- Conclusion. Theorizing the lawfulness of the contingent in politics: a defense of teleology.

Part 1. Nonidealized Methodologies -- Chapter 1. Feminist Approaches to Bioethics -- Chapter 2. Decolonial and/or Postcolonial Approaches to Bioethics -- Chapter 3. Queer Approaches to Bioethics -- Chapter 4. Narrative Methodology as a Nonideal Approach to Bioethics -- Part 2. Nonidealized Applications to Bioethical Research & Practice -- Chapter 5. Epistemology and Knowing in Bioethics -- Chapter 6. Conceptualizing Concepts of Autonomy, Rationality, Risk/Benefit -- Chapter 7. Clinical Ethics Consultation and Moral Stress/Hazard -- Part 3. Policy Implications of Nonidealized Theory in Bioethics -- Chapter 8. U.S. Policy -- Chapter 9. Specific Other Policy Analysis/Recommendations -- Part 4. Global Bioethics Through a Nonidealized Lens -- Chapter 10. Justice and Fairness in Global Research and Medical Practices -- Chapter 11. Priorities in Global Research and Medical Practices -- Chapter 12. Topical Issues.

Exploring the benefits of using nonideal theory in social ontology, Åsa Burman argues for a needed paradigm shift in the field. Through the Power View, she accommodates important but neglected social phenomena, such as class, and places the concept of social power at the core of a general theory of the social world.

Examining the debate about animals in the language of justice this book develops both ideal and nonideal theories of justice for animals. It rejects the abolitionist animal rights position in favour of a revised version of animal rights centering on sentience

3.2 The pathologies of public law3.3 The public meaning of the principle of authority; 3.4 The barbarism of Nazi power; 4 Toward public justice; 4.1 Rawls on ideal and nonideal theory; 4.2 Hart's reformist project; 4.3 Public justice as an ideal and as a duty; 4.4 Progress and particularity; Part II The constitutional dimension; 5 The modern constitutional state; 5.1 The problem of accountability; 5.2 A new form of government; 5.3 Assessing commonwealth constitutionalism; 5.4 A reply to Waldron; Part III The doctrinal dimension; 6 Constitutional reform; 6.1 The rise of eternity clauses.

Ideal theory, nonideal theory, and empirical political theory -- Law, government, and politics -- Ideal equality and real inequality -- The distribution of procedural justice -- Discourse, atmosphere, and prophecy -- The discourse of political activism -- Postscript : an invitation to the reader

Cover -- 1. Introduction -- Outline of the course of the argument -- 2. Ideal theory and idealization -- 2.1 The output of ideal theory: ideal principles and ideal institutions -- 2.2 The input of ideal theory: empirical and moral construction assumptions -- The first type: conceptions of the person -- The second type: idealized assumptions in thought experiments -- The third type: idealization regarding the range of outcomes being considered -- The fourth type: idealization in the sense of assuming moral ideals -- The fifth type: Idealization as assuming away feasibility restrictions -- Part I: Empirical restrictions in political philosophy -- 3. Nonideal theory and the ideal guidance approach -- 3.1 The practical relevance of ideal theory -- 3.1.1 "Clinical theory" as an alternative to the ideal guidance approach -- 3.1.2 The critique of the ideal guidance approach -- The problem of the second-best -- The legitimacy critique -- 3.2 A reasonable compromise? -- 4. Dimensions of feasibility -- 4.1 Institutional design -- 4.2 Dimensions of feasibility -- 4.2.1 Technical feasibility and accessibility -- 4.2.2 Modal dimensions of feasibility restrictions -- 4.2.3 Ontological dimensions of feasibility restrictions -- 4.3 Mapping different approaches to normative theory -- 5. Constructing ideal institutions for the ideal guidance approach -- 5.1 Principles for designing institutions and the status quo bias -- 5.2 The importance of long-term consequences for evaluating incremental reform options -- 5.3 Do we need ideal theory? -- 5.4 Feasibility in the construction of ideal institutions -- Part II: Moral ideals in political philosophy -- 6. Geuss' critique of ideal theory: moral construction assumptions in the focus -- 6.1 Geuss' conception of critical political philosophy -- 6.2 Geuss' critique of ideal theory.

Tessman points out a tendency to not acknowledge the difficulties that impossible moral requirements and unavoidable moral failures create in moral life, and traces this tendency through several different literatures, from scholarship on Holocaust testimony to discussions of ideal and nonideal theory, from theories of supererogation to debates about moral demandingness, and to feminist care ethics

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part one. International Relations as A State of nature -- 1. The skepticism of the realists -- 2. The Hobbesian situation -- 3. International relation as a state of nature -- 4. The basis of international morality -- 5. From international skepticism to the morality of states -- Part two. The autonomy of states -- 1. State autonomy and individual liberty -- 2. Nonintervention, Paternalism, and Neutrality -- 3. Self-determination -- 4. Eligibility, boundaries, and nationality -- 5. Economic dependence -- 6. State autonomy and domestic social justice -- Part three. International distributive justice -- 1. Social cooperation, boundaries, and the basis of justice -- 2. Entitlements to natural resources -- 3. Interdependence and global distributive justice -- 4. Contrasts between international and domestic society -- 5. The rights of states -- 6. Applications to the Nonideal world -- Conclusion -- Afterword -- Works cited -- Index

A leading political theorist's groundbreaking defense of ideal conceptions of justice in political philosophyThroughout the history of political philosophy and politics, there has been continual debate about the roles of idealism versus realism. For contemporary political philosophy, this debate manifests in notions of ideal theory versus nonideal theory. Nonideal thinkers shift their focus from theorizing about full social justice, asking instead which feasible institutional and political changes would make a society more just. Ideal thinkers, on the other hand, question whether full justice is a standard that any society is likely ever to satisfy. And, if social justice is unrealistic, are attempts to understand it without value or importance, and merely utopian?Utopophobia argues against thinking that justice must be realistic, or that understanding justice is only valuable if it can be realized. David Estlund does not offer a particular theory of justice, nor does he assert that justice is indeed unrealizable—only that it could be, and this possibility upsets common ways of proceeding in political thought. Estlund engages critically with important strands in traditional and contemporary political philosophy that assume a sound theory of justice has the overriding, defining task of contributing practical guidance toward greater social justice. Along the way, he counters several tempting perspectives, including the view that inquiry in political philosophy could have significant value only as a guide to practical political action, and that understanding true justice would necessarily have practical value, at least as an ideal arrangement to be approximated.Demonstrating that unrealistic standards of justice can be both sound and valuable to understand, Utopophobia stands as a trenchant defense of ideal theory in political philosophy

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I: FOUNDATIONS -- 1 Utilitarianism and New Generations -- 2 Distributive Shares -- 3 The Non-Identity Problem -- 4 The Intractability of the Nonidentity Problem -- 5 Surviving Duties and Symbolic Compensation -- 6 Discounting the Future -- 7 What Motivates Us to Care for the (Distant) Future? -- PART II: SUBSTANTIVE PRINCIPLES OF INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE -- 8 Wrongful Life, Procreative Responsibility, and the Significance of Harm -- 9 Sustainability and Intergenerational Justice -- 10 Nonideal Theory -- 11 Enough for the Future -- 12 Three Models of Intergenerational Reciprocity -- 13 Life Extension versus Replacement -- 14 The Pure Intergenerational Problem -- 15 Climate Change and the Duties of the Advantaged -- PART III: NORMATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL INJUSTICES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES -- 16 The New Indian Claims and Original Rights to Land -- 17 Superseding Historic Injustice -- 18 The Apology Paradox -- 19 Transgenerational Compensation -- 20 Who Can Be Wronged? -- 21 On Benefiting from Injustice -- 22 Climate Justice and Historical Emissions -- Name Index

Part I. Ambitions -- 1. From philosophical theology to democratic theory: early postcards from an intellectual journey / David A. Reidy -- 2. Does justice as fairness have a religious aspect? / Paul Weithman -- Part II. Method -- 3. Constructivism as rhetoric / Anthony Simon Laden -- 4. Kantian constructivism / Larry Krasnoff -- 5. The basic structure of society as the primary subject of justice / Samuel Freeman -- 6. Rawls on ideal and nonideal theory / Zofia Stemplowska and Adam Swift -- 7. The choice from the original position / Jon Mandle -- Part III. A theory of justice -- 8. The priority of liberty / Robert S. Taylor -- 9. Applying justice as fairness to institutions / Colin M. Macleod -- 10. Democratic equality as a work-in-progress / Stuart White -- 11. Stability, a sense of justice, and self-respect / Thomas E. Hill, Jr -- 12. Political authority, civil disobedience, revolution / Alexander Kaufman -- Part IV. A political conception -- 13. The turn to a political liberalism / Gerald Gaus -- 14. Political considerations / Aaron James -- 15. On the idea of public reason / Jonathan Quong -- 16. Overlapping consensus / Rex Martin -- 17. Citizenship as fairness: John Rawls's conception of civic virtue / Richard Dagger -- 18. Inequality, difference, and prospects for democracy / Erin I. Kelly -- Part V. Extending political liberalism: international relations -- 19. The law of peoples / Huw Lloyd Williams -- 20. Human rights / Gillian Brock -- 21. Global poverty and global inequality / Richard W. Miller -- 22. Just war / Darrel Moellendorf -- Part VI. Conversations with other perspectives -- 23. Rawls, Mill, and utilitarianism / Jonathan Riley -- 24. Perfectionist justice and Rawlsian legitimacy / Steven Wall -- 25. The unwritten theory of justice: Rawlsian liberalism versus libertarianism / Barbara H. Fried -- 26. The young Marx and the middle-aged Rawls / Daniel Brudney -- 27. Challenges of global and local misogyny / Claudia Card -- 28. Critical theory and Habermas / Kenneth Baynes -- 29. Rawls and economics / Daniel Little -- 30. Learning from the history of political philosophy / S.A. Lloyd -- 31. Rawls and the history of moral philosophy: the cases of Smith and Kant / Paul Guyer

This title offers a fresh, nuanced example of political theory in an activist mode. Setting the debate on global justice in the context of recent methodological disputes on the relationship between ideal and nonideal theorizing, Ypi's dialectical account shows how principles and agency really can interact.