This collection deals with cultural studies in the humanities and the methods it uses. Its authors include scholars of ethnology, anthropology, folkloristics, digital culture research, and study of religions. Its chapters address topics of discussion and debate in humanistic culture research and indicate what tools are currently being used to study cultural phenomena. Various phases of the research process are covered, including epistemology, research ethics, techniques of data collection and analysis, the writing process of research plans, and the process of writing up the analysis. The book's authors contribute to our knowledge of changes in research paradigms and agendas, scientific philosophies, ethnographic fieldwork, different modes of writing, materiality, reflexivity, observation, researchers' use of the five senses, digital research, audiovisual techniques of observation, and selected textual methodologies. The book is intended as a textbook and methods guide for students in the fields of cultural research, for postdoctoral researchers, and for more senior researchers.
Participatory approaches and co-research are increasingly employed in the current moment for exploring barriers to equality. Co-research treats research participants as experts in their own lives and as equal research partners. Research conducted with this orientation is based on research problems drafted by the research participants themselves from their aspirations regarding the research process and an active partnership that considers the interests of all parties involved. Participatory methods are used in co-research, particularly for the purpose of deepening the contextualisation of research knowledge about structurally vulnerable or subordinated groups and to challenge the power positions associated with traditional research designs. In co-research, the role of the people involved in the research is more central than in more traditional research. One of the key principles of co-research is that co-investigators (a) can participate in various roles, (b) have the opportunity to participate in different phases of the research according to their own interests and resources, and (c) co-investigators' participation can take many forms, including differences in intensity. The idea is to provide more people with opportunities to contribute to the knowledge production about themselves and their communities from their respective perspectives and interests. Co-research is also seen as an opportunity to improve the relevance and usefulness of scientific knowledge. It aims to genuinely increase interaction and openness and extend science's societal responsibility. In this book, we approach co-research as a means to promote social justice, as an action with a societal impact contributor to social impact and as a means to promote the societal responsibility of science. We discuss and evaluate the ideals of the co-research process concerning the everyday challenges and practices in research. Above all, we offer the knowledge and experience generated by our own projects to support those planning or already implementing co-research projects.
This edited book is the third in a series of yearbooks that introduces the principles and applicability of the method of empathy-based stories. The book presents ten empirical studies which all use this method as a tool for data collection. In addition, the work examines the reliability of the method of empathy-based stories as a method and as part of qualitative research.
The research articles in the book provide a current overview of the change in different work and operating environments. These environments include various educational institutions from elementary school to universities, social media, and human resource management. Studies examine the social inclusion, participation and agency of pupils, students, young people, and professionals, as well as the professional and ethical challenges of those working in new environments. The method of empathy-based stories is used to observe, for example, university students' interpretations of involvement in the curriculum process, pupils' views on co-teaching, different forms of agency of young people who experience sexual harassment online, and the subjectivity of recruiters and the reasons for recruitment choices.
Methodologically, the book focuses on the reliability of the method of empathy-based stories and considers the characteristics of the method among qualitative research methods. Reflecting on the research articles, the work discusses what kind of requirements and challenges the method poses for both the researcher and the respondents. The book provides guidelines for evaluating the reliability of the method of empathy-based stories, while participating also in a general discussion of the reliability, potential, and limitations of qualitative research.
The book indicates how the method of empathy-based stories can be applied to a wide variety of research in different contexts. The strength of the method is its ability to utilize the respondents' imagination, thus providing the researchers with opportunities to find new perspectives and invent propositions. The book also provides practical examples of how the method can be used in research. - Kasvatusinstituutiot peruskoulusta yliopistoon ovat jatkuvan muutoksen keskiössä. Globaalit ja paikalliset yhteiskunnalliset muutokset, kuten esimerkiksi sosiaalisen median levittäytyminen osaksi arkea tai synnytyssairaaloiden keskittäminen, asettavat ammattilaisille uusia osaamisvaatimuksia sekä eettisiä haasteita. Kokoomateoksen kymmenessä tutkimusartikkelissa tarkastellaan eläytymismenetelmän avulla näiden muuttuvien ympäristöjen vaikutusta niissä toimivien ihmisten arkeen.
Tutkimusartikkeleissa käsitellään esimerkiksi oppilaiden näkemyksiä yhteisopettajuudesta, kätilöiden osaamista, rekrytoijien ammattitaitoa sekä seksuaalista häirintää verkossa kohtaavien nuoren toimijuutta. Menetelmällisen painotuksensa ansiosta teosta voi hyödyntää myös eläytymismenetelmän soveltamistapoja kuvaavana oppikirjana.
Teos on kolmas osa vuosikirjasarjassa, joka esittelee eläytymismenetelmän käyttöä tutkimusmenetelmänä. Teos osallistuu ajankohtaiseen keskusteluun laadullisen tutkimuksen luotettavuudesta hahmottamalla menetelmän käytettävyyden mahdollisuuksia ja rajoja sen metodologisten erityispiirteiden kautta.
Narrative After Postmodernism takes a critical and practical look at the cultural theories of what comes after postmodernism or the postmodern. Alongside contemporary literary authors, the anthology studies diverse contemporary textual phenomena from TV shows to online fan theories and survivalist blogs. The essays compiled in this anthology tentatively apply the theories of the post-postmodern to contemporary texts to see how they might open up for analysis within their new theoretical frameworks or challenge them.The introduction, co-written by all the authors of this volume, introduces the most influential theories of post-postmodernism and contextualizes them within broader intellectual trends of the early 21st Century. The three essays comprising the first part of the volume discuss some of the theories of the postmodern in relation to contemporary works that seem to challenge them. Yet they also strive to clarify and sharpen some of the ideas proposed in the theories of the post-postmodern.The second part of the volume aims to show that it is not only the contemporary texts that move beyond the postmodern – the ways of reading literature and interpreting artworks in different media are also changing. The essays in the second part of the volume inquire about the effects of the contemporary literary culture on the methods of interpretation and ways of reading.
The book presents the biographies and work lists of 126 Finnish women composers born between 1784 and 1909. Based on large-scale archival research, it is the first comprehensive historical account of Finnish women composers and their cultural heritage. The authors draw on feminist music history and the sociohistorical approach to find out who these women were, what kind of music they wrote, and how their careers reflected European cultural and social history. The treatise highlights the influence of girls' schools, women's suffrage movements and other socio-political developments on the musical culture of women. Concepts such as "composer", "woman" and "Finnish" were assumed to be open and inclusive throughout the research, in terms of both musical style and diversity in cultural background. In concentrating on music-making by women, the book opens up radically new vistas on Finland's music and cultural history, and it rectifies previous erroneous conceptions about women's composership and their artistic work. In short, it exposes the richness in the sonic and intellectual heritage of Finnish women composers, as well as its significance in society today.
In defence of democracy -- Legal -- Summary -- Preface -- Presentation by Miquel Caminal -- Presentation by Francesc Xavier Grau1 -- Introduction -- Translator's Note -- Democracy -- Liberalism -- Democracy and corporatism -- Spiritual problems -- The crisis of democracy -- The defects of democracy -- The objectivity of democracy -- The stability of democracy -- The relativity of democracy -- On equality among men -- Universal suffrage -- The criterion of quality in voting -- Social classification -- Truth in this world -- Parliament and democracy -- Party spirit -- Mysticism and democracy
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"This book provides the reader with understanding of the phenomenon of silent resistance, collecting and presenting research on it. Regulating, governing or controlling human activity often generates open resistance, which has been studied from the points of view of democracy, civil disobedience or political activism, for example. However, power relations and conflicts can also involve another kind of resistance, which may not necessarily even be recognised as resistance at first. It can be called silent, passive, invisible or everyday resistance. Silent resistance is a way of the subjugated or otherwise marginalised to challenge the dominant rules or systems. Because it does not proclaim resistance but rather tries to stay out of publicity, it is risk-free and low-profile activity that is seemingly non-political – and you can get away with it. Silent resistance can take many different forms: it may appear, for example, as silence and grumbling, isolation, avoiding and hindering issues or shifting attention to something irrelevant. The importance of everyday resistance rises from the signals of small networks in a situation where open confrontation is not possible or desired, but total inactivity is not an option either. Moreover, silent resistance remaining in the margin cannot be considered separate from open resistance, but as an important part in the process of realising more open resistance. Although power relations serve as the event framework of the phenomenon, silent resistance is a weapon not only in the hands of the subjugated. Its tactics can also be used by those who hold power. With the articles in the book, the reader can follow the most diverse situations of silent resistance through both historical and contemporary events. The cases outline different forms of silent resistance, as well as its mechanisms and motives. The articles in the collection reveal aspects of sociology, cultural anthropology, cultural research, youth research and historical research. This emphasises the wide spectrum of silent resistance, its loudness and multidisciplinary character. " - "Kirja tekee näkyväksi vähän käsiteltyä hiljaisen vastarinnan ilmiötä sekä kokoaa yhteen ja esittelee sitä koskevaa tutkimusta. Kun ihmisen toimintaa säädellään, hallitaan tai kontrolloidaan, ilmenee usein myös avointa vastarintaa, jota on tutkittu esimerkiksi demokratian toteutumisen, kansalaistottelemattomuuden tai poliittisen aktivismin näkökulmista. Valta-asetelmiin ja konflikteihin voi kuitenkin liittyä myös toisenlaista vastarintaa, jota ei välttämättä ensin edes huomata vastarinnaksi. Sitä voidaan kutsua hiljaiseksi, passiiviseksi, näkymättömäksi tai arkipäivän vastarinnaksi. Hiljainen vastarinta on alistettujen tai muuten marginaalisiksi jääneiden tapa asettua poikkiteloin hallitsevien sääntöjen tai järjestelmien kanssa. Koska se ei julistaudu vastarinnaksi, vaan pikemminkin pyrkii pysymään poissa julkisuudesta, se on riskitöntä matalan profiilin toimintaa, joka on näennäisesti epäpoliittista ja josta ei jää kiinni. Hiljainen vastarinta voi saada monia erilaisia muotoja: se saattaa näyttäytyä esimerkiksi vaikenemisena ja jurnuttamisena, ulkopuolelle jättäytymisenä, asioiden välttämisenä, niiden vaikeuttamisena tai huomion siirtämisenä epäolennaiseen. Arkipäivän vastarinnan merkitys nousee pienten verkostojen signaaleista tilanteessa, jossa ei kyetä tai haluta lähteä julkiseen vastakkainasetteluun, mutta ei myöskään haluta pysyä täysin passiivisina. Marginaaliin jäävää hiljaista vastarintaa ei myöskään voida nähdä erillisenä avoimesta vastarinnasta, vaan se on tärkeä osa avoimemman vastarinnan aktualisoitumisen prosessia. Vaikka valtasuhteet toimivat ilmiön tapahtumakehyksinä, hiljainen vastarinta ei ole ainoastaan alistettujen toimintaa. Sen taktiikoita voivat käyttää myös valtaapitävät. Kirjan artikkeleiden mukana pääsemme seuraamaan mitä moninaisimpia hiljaisen vastarinnan tapahtumatilanteita sekä historiallisten että nykypäivän tapahtumien avulla. Erilaiset tapaukset avaavat ja jäsentävät hiljaisen vastarinnan esiintymismuotoja, samoin kuin sen mekanismeja ja motiiveja. Kokoelman artikkeleissa tulevat esiin sosiologian, kulttuuriantropologian, kulttuurintutkimuksen, nuorisotutkimuksen ja historiantutkimuksen näkökulmat. Tämä korostaa hiljaisen vastarinnan laajaa kirjoa, sen äänekkyyttä ja monialaisuutta. "
