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Целью данной работы являлось измерение величины максимального потребления кислорода у бегунов-трейлраннеров в лабораторных условиях и хронометраж контрольного бега на отдельных участках дистанции на местности, различающихся по рельефу, для последующего анализа полученных данных на предмет их корреляции с результатами соревнований. Бегуны (13 мужчин, средний возраст - 29 ± 4 лет, рост - 183,0 ± 0,5 см, масса тела - 71,9 ± 5,6 кг) в первый день выполнили лабораторные тесты для определения максимального потребления кислорода и экономичности бега. Во второй день был проведен контрольный забег на время по пересеченной местности (два круга по 3,5 км, общий набор высоты - 486 м) для анализа временных параметров преодоления отдельных участков трассы, а также общего результата. Сравнение временных показателей преодоления первого и второго кругов (19 м 40 с ± 1 м 57 с и 21 м 08 с ± 2 м 09 с соответственно, P < 0,001) позволило автору сделать вывод, что максимальная потеря времени у бегунов отмечалась на участках подъема, минимальная - на участках спуска (-2,5 ± 9,1 с). Межиндивидуальные показатели спортсменов больше всего различались на спусках (коэффициент вариации > 25 %), меньше всего - на ровной местности (коэффициент вариации < 10 %). Результат на контрольном забеге зависел от абсолютного и относительного значений максимального потребления кислорода (P < 0,01) и вертикальной составляющей скорости бега в гору (P < 0,001).
The purpose of this work was to measure the value of maximum oxygen consumption in trail runners in laboratory conditions and the timing of the control run in specific sections of the distance on the ground differing in relief for further analysis of the data obtained for their correlation with the results of the competition. Runners (13 males, average age 29 ± 4 years, height 183.0 ± 0.5 cm, body weight 71.9 ± 5.6 kg) performed laboratory tests on the first day to determine maximum oxygen consumption and running economy. On the second day, a time trial cross-country race was held (two laps of 3.5 km each, the total climb was 486 m) to analyze the time parameters of overcoming individual sections of the route, as well as the overall result. Comparison of the time indicators for overcoming the first and second laps (19 m 40 s ± 1 m 57 s and 21 m 08 s ± 2 m 09 s, respectively, P < 0.001) allowed the author to conclude that the maximum loss of time among runners was noted on sections ascent, the minimum loss was in the descent sections (-2.5 ± 9.1 s). The inter-individual indicators of athletes differed most of all on descents (coefficient of variation > 25%), least of all - on flat ground (coefficient of variation < 10%). The result on the control run depended on the absolute and relative values of the maximum oxygen consumption (P < 0.01) and the vertical component of the uphill running speed (P < 0.001).

In today's world, it is difficult to imagine a person who does not use computers for work and entertainment. Most people have a vague idea of what is needed for optimal performance of their devices. The article describes the main parameters and indicators that affect the operation of technical systems and provides recommendations for their optimization for reliable and continuous operation.

Lack of transparency predetermines the shortage of private investment in small business. Financial statement presents the only source of information which reflects the performance of a company but does not provide the investor with sufficient data for proper decision making. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop a set of key performance indicators that will assess the viability of a company and reduce investment risks. Specific nature of small business determines the need to use a minimum number of parameters. To develop the system, the author examines two groups of enterprises: with a bankruptcy claim and without it. The data set consists of financial statement indicators and economic indicators. The use of random forest methods and gradient boosting confirmed the existence of differentiating parameters between successful and unsuccessful businesses: short-term accounts payable, profitability ratio, revenue trend, equity to total assets, receivables index, gain and loss on sale. The established system offers high accuracy for company's success/bankruptcy forecast. Applying the findings will ensure greater transparency and investment attractiveness of small businesses.

The paper provides analysis of means of individualization (trademarks) as an institutional alternative to ensure quality of market goods and to enforce specific contractual performance of sellers and buyers. In general, the price mechanism as described in the perfect competition paradigm fails to ensure efficient market exchange of sophisticated goods and supplementary institutions such as a reputational mechanism are often required. Means of individualization as part of the reputational mechanism contribute to increasing efficiency of the market exchange by ensuring quality of market goods and, in broader context, by enforcing specific performance within the market contracts. The paper provides analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the means of individualization as compared with its institutional alternatives - "pure" market institutions, and centralized regulation of quality/contract performance.

In this article the authors consider different strategies related to the high-dividend portfolio investing. The paper provides the examination of the theoretical aspects, methodology and the evolution of the formation of high-dividend models. The author studies the range of classic highdividend portfolios, including a traditional version of the «Dogs of the Dow» strategy, and test it on the Russian stock market (2006-2016). The obtained results confirm the efficiency of this direction of investment. In order to increase the level of returns of high-dividend investing, the authors add into the model two filters on the financial performance P/E and ROA. As shown by calculations, the new model allows to achieve significantly higher results in comparison with the classical version. The following research demonstrates an advantage of the new model in comparison with the returns of the overall market (index strategy "buy and hold") and in comparison with investing in mutual funds and deposits. The obtained results are meaningful and confirmed by the analysis of the risk and return coefficients, suggesting the possibility of their practical application. The modified model is also able to complement the theoretical concept of high-dividend investment and to eliminate the basic shortcomings inherent in the classical model.

The article presents an analysis of scientific performance of research and development organizations, which was conducted on the basis of a Database containing information about the performance of scientific organizations that perform research, development and technological work for civil purposes. The results of the analysis of performance indicators of scientific activities of organizations based on data for 2018 in research areas, in particular, the indicators of WoS publications, as well as the results of intellectual activity created and used by organizations, are presented.

The approach to assess library performance was approbated; the results are discussed. The proposed instruments enable to calculate several indicators of social, technological, economic and organizational efficiency as well as summary efficiency index. This method enables to define whether the library goals are achieved, to relate the results to invested resources, to evaluate process satisfaction degree. The authors suggest alternative indicators for normal and extreme circumstances (e. g. during COVID-19 pandemic). The assessment is based on the indicators included into 6-NK statistical standard (Public Library Report) as well as the indicators used in plans, reports, analytical reviews to be submitted to founders, central libraries, or regional authorities. The methods require no extra information or special research. Its stage-by-stage description makes them replicable, which is evidenced by approbation results presented by many libraries. The element index enables to measure the indicators, to analyze and compare them, and to make informed managerial, strategic and political decisions. The universal method can be applied irrespective of library type, status, and departmental subordination. ; Приведены результаты апробации методики, оценивающей эффективность библиотечной деятельности. Предлагаемый инструментарий обеспечивает расчёт отдельных показателей социальной, технологической, экономической и организационной эффективности, среднего значения индексов каждого вида эффективности и сводного индекса эффективности деятельности библиотеки. Методика позволяет определить, достигает ли библиотека поставленных целей, соотнести полученный результат с затраченными на его достижение ресурсами, оценить степень удовлетворённости процессом деятельности. Предложены альтернативные варианты показателей и расчётов эффективности в обычных и экстремальных (обусловленных пандемией COVID-19) условиях. В основу расчётов легли показатели, включённые в статистическую форму 6-НК «Сведения об общедоступной (публичной) библиотеке», а ...

This article discusses the methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of budget funds for social services (case study health care), identified factors that influence the final results of the functioning of the health sector. The authors have developed a system of indicators that assist to provide comprehensive evaluation of availability of health care services and expediency of budgetary expenditures for its provision. The direction of regional policy was formulated.

The article provides the analysis of approaches to monitoring and assessment of scientiic organizations in the Russian Federation and abroad. It describes the experience in evaluating performance of scientiic organizations and scientists in the countries of the European Union, U.S. and China. The analysis of foreign experience has shown that currently the reform of the approaches to the scientiic performance assessment is actively held, which is based on: the transition from the quantitative analysis of scientometric indicators to the qualitative evaluation of R&D; assessing the social efect of R&D; the combination of internal and external audit of scientiic performance; the transition to the budgeting system based on accounting the results of the activity. Special attention is paid to the diagnostic system of implementation of the so-called ''One-three-ive'' principle of state science and technology policy which is used under the system of evaluating the scientiic performance in China. The article identiies the problems of the Russian system of monitoring and evaluation of scientiic performance, which are mostly due to the methodological laws of collecting and analyzing data on the performance of scientiic organizations, the incoherence of the systems of expert and scientometric evaluation and the increasing bureaucratic burden on the organizations. It concludes that for developing the system of scientiic performance evaluation in Russia it is necessary to achieve the following objectives: to deine the place and role of information systems in the public administration of science and technology policy, create a system of target setting for the research organizations to develop an efective mechanism for collecting data on scientiic activity. The authors believe that the compulsory element of the assessment system should be an expert examination based on quantitative indicators. ; GUSEV, A. B., DORONINA, E. G., VERSHININ, I. V., MALAHOV, V. A. (2018) Monitoring and assessment of scientiic performance: ...

This article discusses and analyzes the performance of professional activities of civil servants of the Meshchansky district of Moscow. The importance of this study is the need to create a public service and its legal regulation, which is established by the existence of the state, its tasks and functions. In this paper, the indicators of efficiency of civil servants are disclosed and analyzed. During the study of this topic, it was possible to identify the essence of the state and civil servants, as well as to analyze and make recommendations to improve the efficiency of civil servants of the Meshchansky district of Moscow.

The choice of stock as a method of payment in M&A deals is usually considered by researchers as a signal of acquirer's stock overvaluation that is proved by its negative impact on M&A performance. However, this view doesn't take into account information asymmetry faced by the acquirer. The choice of stock payment may be used by the acquirer as a mechanism to reduce risks caused by information asymmetry, and thereby send a positive signal to the market. In this paper, drawing on evidence from 713 and 468 cross-border M&As, initiated by companies from US and BRIC respectively, over 2002-2017, we show that stock payment may be beneficial when target firm is a high-tech company and when the cultural distance between acquirers and targets is large. For M&As, initiated by US firms, stock payment may be also beneficial in deals with private targets, and for acquirers from BRIC - in deals with targets located in a weaker political environment.

The actual problems of execution of the civil-law obligation are considered, taking into account the principle of conscientiousness. The authors analyze the novels of the law of obligations regarding the implementation of this principle. It is established that the new version of the articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the fulfillment of the obligation is aimed at ensuring the stability of the civil turnover, taking into account the interests of the persons participating in the obligation. It is noted that the principle of good faith is a known counterweight to the norms of freedom of contract. There are several approaches of the legislator to the use of rules of good faith in the norms on the performance of the obligation. Based on the analysis of judicial and arbitration practice, the importance of judicial discretion is emphasized in determining the nature of the behavior of the parties and its consequences. The possibility of the court on its own initiative to discuss the issue of the nature of the conduct of the parties to contractual relations when considering the dispute between them is underlined. Civic — legal consequences are set forth in the norms of the obligation law, which can be applied in case of unfair conduct by one of the parties to the contract. It is noted that when the court chooses the legal consequences of the unfair conduct of participants of civic — legal obligations, criteria should be used, the list of which should be defined in the current legislation. ; Исследуются актуальные проблемы исполнения гражданско-правового обязательства с учетом принципа добросовестности. Анализируются новеллы обязательственного права в части реализации указанного принципа. Установлено, что новая редакция статей Гражданского кодекса РФ об исполнении обязательства направлена на обеспечение стабильности гражданского оборота, на учет интересов участвующих в обязательстве лиц. Замечено, что принцип добросовестности является известным противовесом нормам о свободе договора. Отмечается несколько подходов законодателя к использованию правил о добросовестности в нормах, посвященных исполнению обязательства. На основе анализа судебно-арбитражной практики подчеркивается значение судейского усмотрения при определении характера поведения сторон и его последствий. Подчеркивается возможность суда по собственной инициативе обсуждать вопрос о характере поведения сторон договорных отношений при рассмотрении спора между ними. Приводятся гражданско-правовые последствия, закрепленные в нормах обязательственного права, которые могут быть применены при недобросовестном поведении одной из сторон договора. Отмечается, что при выборе судом правовых последствий недобросовестного поведения участников гражданско-правовых обязательств следует использовать критерии, перечень которых должен быть определен в действующем законодательстве.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for monitoring the cooperation between the business community and the system of higher education on the regional level and spotting active participants of such cooperation. The received data are to be used for developing the support policy of the effective partnership models by state government and entrepreneurs associations. Methodology/approach. The monitoring was carried out with respect to the Voronezh region companies and universities in May-June 2015 (the data was collected for the year 2014). The research method involves surveying regional universities and building composite ratings of companies based on their involvement in higher education and considering the range of cooperation forms and their value. The research data analysis included pre-verification and allowed for measurement error. The final ranking used integral binary criteria. Findings. The research results provide statistics with regard to the abundance of specified forms of cooperation between universities and companies. It also points out groups of companies exercising significant influence over the region's system of education. The ranking of companies is used by the Voronezh region government and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and was used as a basis for similar research in other regions as well as a prototype for a methodology of monitoring the cooperation between companies and institutions of secondary professional education. Originality/value. For the first time, an assessment of the scale of and factual abundance of specified forms of cooperation between the Russian business community and the system of higher education has been performed. The results obtained can be of interest to those researching functioning of the Triple Helix model (partnership between government, companies and education) in Russia as well as to authors of higher educational institution rankings. ; Целью настоящей статьи является представление методики мониторинга взаимодействия бизнес-сообщества ...

The article interprets the complex system of relations between culture and ideology, public and private versions of current ideology, culture, human identity, fragmented state of their mind, etc. Particularly analyzed are the two roles, performed situationally by the individual in the process of sociocultural interactions with the environment - "public person" and "private person." Here individual culture is treated as a highly theatrical program of behavior, pursuing the goal of maintaining constructive relations with the authorities and the immediate social environment.We consider the cultural patterns of the man as the immanent forms of internal moral ideology of the individual, culture accepted within the society as a reflection of social interactions among the members of this society, and also the role of culture and ideology in the historical process of evolution, along with the other "locomotives of history" that determine the dynamics of the volatility of social organization within communities.The main idea of the article is that the culture of a society can be interpreted as a form of the dominant ideology (if we consider the latter not only from the political perspective), but the individual in different social situations, acts with different ideological imperatives. They are usually defined by their roles of "public person" and "private person", with which the phenomenon of the modern human having "multiple identities" is connected, as well as other fragmented manifestations of their consciousness. ; В статье интерпретируется сложная система соотношений культуры и идеологии, публичные и приватные варианты актуальной идеологии, культуры, идентичности человека, фрагментированное состояние его сознания. Особо анализируются две роли, исполняемые индивидом ситуативно в процессе социокультурных взаимодействий с окружением – «человека публичного» и «человека приватного». При этом культура личности трактуется как высоко театрализованная программа поведения, преследующая цели поддержания конструктивных отношений с властью и непосредственным социальным окружением.Рассматриваются культурные установки человека как имманентные формы внутренней нравственной идеологии личности, культура общества как спектакль социальных взаимодействий членов этого общества, а также роль культуры и идеологии в историческом процессе эволюции, в числе иных «локомотивов истории», определяющих динамику изменчивости социального устроения сообществ.Основная идея статьи заключается в том, что культура общества может толковаться как форма господствующей идеологии (если понимать последнюю не только в политическом ключе), но индивид в разных социальных ситуациях выступает с разными идеологическими императивами, которые, как правило, определяются его ролями «человека публичного» и «человека приватного», с чем связан и феномен множественной идентичности современного человека, и иные фрагментированные проявления его сознания.