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Icelandic politics are analysed from the perspectives of three normative models of democracy: the liberal, republican and deliberative democratic theories. While the Icelandic constitution is rooted in classical liberal ideas, Icelandic politics can be harshly criticized from a liberal perspective, primarily because of the unclear separation of powers of government and for the extensive involvement of politics in other social sectors. Despite strong nationalist discourse which reflects republican characteristics, rooted in the struggle for independence from Denmark, republicanism has been marginal in Icelandic politics. In the years before the financial collapse, Icelandic society underwent a process of liberalization in which power shifted to the financial sector without disentangling the close ties that had prevailed between business and politics. The special commission set up by the Icelandic Parliament to investigate the causes of the financial collapse criticized Icelandic politics and governance for its flawed working practices and lack of professionalism. The appropriate lessons to draw from this criticism are to strengthen democratic practices and institutions. In the spirit of republicanism, however, the dominant discourse about Icelandic democracy after the financial collapse has been on increasing direct, vote-centric participation in opposition to the system of formal politics. While this development is understandable in light of the loss of trust in political institutions in the wake of the financial collapse, it has not contributed to trustworthy practices. In order to improve Icelandic politics, the analysis in this paper shows, it is important to work more in the spirit of deliberative democratic theory ; Peer Reviewed

Siyaset olgusunun yerel yansımaları yerel yönetimler, yerel seçimler, yerel parti teşkilatları, sivil toplum örgütleri, yerel bürokratik teşkilatlarla yaşamımıza doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etki etmektedir. Yerel siyasetin genel siyasetle karşılıklı etkileşimi ve ilişkisinin geliştirilmesi demokratik kültürün de gelişiminin önemli bir göstergesi olmakla birlikte, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel sorunların rasyonel olarak çözülebilmesi için, öncelikli olarak bu sorunların yerel bazda analizinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda, siyaset olgusunun yerel boyutlarının anlaşılması, demokratik katılım süreçlerinin işlerlik kazanabilmesi, sivil toplum kültürünün toplumun tüm katmanlarına nüfuz edebilmesi ve dolayısıyla bölgesel ve toplumsal kalkınmanın sağlanması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Genel siyasetin tüm boyutlarıyla anlaşılması için genel siyaset zincirinin en önemli halkası olan yerel siyasetin işleyiş süreci iyi anlaşılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, siyasetin yerel olarak işleyişi, aktörlerin rolü ve aralarındaki etkileşim teorik arka plan çerçevesinde alan çalışması ile birlikte ele alınmış ve çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle siyasetin yerel yapısı teorik olarak ele alınmıştır. İkinci olarak, Nizip ilçesinin sosyo-ekonomik durumu yerel arka plandaki önemli yapıtaşı olması açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü olarak ise siyasetin yerel unsurlarına yönelik alan araştırması anket çalışması ile değerlendirilmiştir. ; The local reflections of politics phenomenon affect our life directly or indirectly through local administrations, local elections, local party organizations, NGOs and local bureaucratic organizations. Although the interaction between local politics and general politics and improvement of their relation are significant indicators of the progress of democratic culture, in order to solve social, economic and cultural problems rationally, these problems require to be analyzed on local basis. In this sense, understanding the local dimension of politics phenomenon is of great important with respect to the fact that democratic participation process can gain functioning, civil society culture can penetrate into all the layers of the society and consequently regional and social develeopment can be achieved.Operation process of local politics must be understood well in order that all aspects of general politics can be understood. Hence, local politics is the most important circle of general politics.In this study, local operation of politics, rol of actors and interactions between them were dealt with in the theoretical background frame with the literature review and were tried to be resolved. In the study, firstly, local structure of politics was covered theoretically. Secondly, socio- economic situation of town of Nizip were evaluated in terms of its being significant basis in local background. Thirdly, field research o local elements of politics was evaluated through survey. ; Nizip Kaymakamlığı ; Kırıkkale Valiliği Özel Kalem Müdürlüğü

Since there is no state structure in the Jahiliyyah Period, political situation is highly uncertain and mysterious. However, the political situation reached its peak with the Umayyad dynasty while still being present during the Jahiliyyah Period. It is a known fact that the civilizations of The Jahiliyyah Period are quite different from the other civilizations in the past times. Due to geographic hardships, it is impossible to survive in the Arabian Peninsula with a nuclear family. Thus, the people of the age were forced to live with groups of people who are gathered by kindred ship. These group created the concept of tribe as a social structure. A tribe is a small state in the desert who has a socio-politic structure more than just kindred ship. Tribe members live in the tribe they are born into and obey to its rules. In addition, the tribe members join battles, get their revenge, and internalize the honour and reputation of their tribe as their own. Each tribe has a leader, and the tribes are governed by their leaders. The term "tribe" also states the political organization inside the tribe. The spirit that leads the members of a tribe to take action against the hazards and act together is called Asabiyyah. The motto of Asabiyyah is "help your brother, tyrant or oppressed". The people of the period were forced to comply with the rules and the politics that are created by the formation of tribes. Tribe life affected the literary works of the period. The poets of the period wrote many political praise poems to help their tribe dominate the politics, and many political satiric poems to criticize their enemies. In this article, political poems written in the Jahiliyyah period will be exemplified.

Yüksek Lisans Tezi ; Yönetime katılma söz konusu olduğu zaman akla ilk gelen şey kuşkusuz ki yönetimdir. Bu sebepledir ki yönetim sisteminin ayrılmaz parçası 'yönetime katılmadır'. Yönetenler ve yönetilenler insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Hemen hemen tüm toplumlarda ve uygarlıklarda bir azınlık çoğunluğa hükmetmiş ve çoğunluk da yönetime dâhil olarak azınlığın kararlarına ortak olmayı ve demokratik bir şekilde sonuca ulaşılmasını istemiştir. Bu katılım her zaman erkekler çerçevesinde düşünülmüş, kadınlar çok fazla ön plana çıkmamıştır. Kadınların siyasete katılımı ve siyasal katılımı etkileyen faktörler son yıllarda birçok araştırmacı tarafından incelenen konulardır. Bu çalışmada güncel literatür taranmış; kadınların siyasal katılımı, genel anlamıyla siyaset ve siyasal katılım kavramları, toplumsal cinsiyet anlayışı ile politik katılımın arasındaki ilişki, kadın hakları ve kadınların siyasal katılımının tarihsel gelişiminin şu anki konumu, uluslararası ilişkilerin tarihsel sürecinde feminizm, nüfuzu olan kadınlar, Türkiye'deki kadınların siyasetteki yerleri ve katılımlarını etkileyen etmenler incelenmiştir. ; The first thing that comes to mind when it comes to participation in management is undoubtedly management. For this reason, the integral part of the management system is parç participation in management. The rulers and the ruled are as old as the history of mankind. In almost all societies and civilizations, a minority dominated the majority, and the majority also included in the ruling of the minority to join the decisions of the minority, to achieve a democratic conclusion. This participation was always considered within the framework of men, women did not come to the fore. The participation of women in politics and the factors influencing political participation are the subjects examined by many researchers in recent years. In this study, the current literature was reviewed; political participation of women, literally politics and political participation concept, the relationship between political ...