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This article explores the relationship between neoliberalism & behaviorist psychology. Working our way back to the wellsprings of liberal thought in Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill, we find it was the Utilitarians who laid the foundations for the liberal economy & a new psychology that presents the individual as the product of interaction with his environment. By progressively incorporating the contributions of Darwinian evolutionism, this behaviorist school eventually became the reigning paradigm of American psychology. J. Watson and, above all, B. F. Skinner gave this school, by turns, an educational & reeducational orientation. By demonstrating through experiments the superiority of positive reinforcement to punitive systems, they developed a technology of behavioral control. What this conception of psychology has in common with contemporary neoliberalism is an ideology of social control based on the necessary rationality of human behavior & on consumption as the main positive reinforcement system. Adapted from the source document.

This book is the product of an investigation by Maxime Quijoux in two factories recovered by their workers in the context of the social crisis and Argentine politics of the early 2000. The plants in question are located in Buenos Aires, are the 'Brukman textile company and the Global balloon balls manufacturing company. To symbolize the experienced transformation after occupations, they were respectively renamed by workers 18 de Diciembre Cooperative Cooperative La Nueva Esperanza. Far from taking a look on the enchanted self-managing workers' struggle that would be born from the Argentine crisis, Mr. Quijoux wonders about the conditions of possibility of a singular struggle undertaken by 'a working face entirely surprising,' as far classical workers of the union struggle that new self-managing workers in post-Fordist utopia. Adapted from the source document.

This article uses Foucault's analyses on neoliberalism to show that capitalism cannot be reduced to a specific mode of production, ruled by necessary and natural economic laws (the logic of capital). Capitalism is rather a radically plural 'economic and juridical complex', which assumes different forms throughout history. Neoliberalism is one of these historical forms, and it is characterized by two specific features: a governmental practice intervening directly in market mechanisms, an active relation to laws and institutions as a means to regulate the competition; an entrepreneurial way of shaping society and its subjects, that is, the application of the rationality of the market to practices of subjectivation. Adapted from the source document.

This article aims at highlighting the critical potentialities inscribed at the heart of neoliberal rationality, which has been established as radically opposed to the raison d'Etat through the idea that 'one always governs too much'. Foucault's analyses in The Birth of Biopolitics are particularly attentive to this theme: indeed, using economic reasoning and the instruments of economic science as critical weapons in order to deconstruct the traditional political philosophy and to demystify its emancipatory pretenses, Foucault presents neoliberalism as one of the main contemporary embodiments of the critical tradition. Hence, it is outside political philosophy, moral philosophy or theory of law that we have to search if we want to resist neoliberalism. Adapted from the source document.

The object of this article is to reclaim the analyses outlined by Foucault on the social extension of the theoretical model of the competitive liberal market. These analyses are based on the evolution of the judicial, moral, and psychological categorization of responsibility. This categorization depends on two kinds of processes: the transformations of the concept of penal responsibility since the early 19th century, notably under the influence of psychiatric expertise, and the infinite assignation of responsibility to subjects in regard to themselves, using the tools of neoliberal government. The author feels able to isolate from this analysis a chiastic structure, situated at the heart of normative regimes belonging to the policies of contemporary criminality. Adapted from the source document.

Far from always surprised by its novelty, the 'neo'-liberalism presents itself at first as a series of 'lessons' or even 'regressions' to an old capitalist society that was believed bygone: resurgence of precarious forms and extreme exploitation of wage labor, exaltation of the employer's leadership, stigmatizing 'helped' and undeserving poor, financial globalization (holds great crises like that of 2008, quite similar to the crash of 1929), etc. Of course, the industrial bases of capitalism have largely transformed since the Second Industrial Revolution and Taylorism is not emerged unscathed from the 20th century. But there is concern that the discourse of 'novelty' neoliberal only supplies the neoliberals themselves which of the inter-war years, intended to rebuild the 'old' Manchesterian liberalism. After thirty years of Galore-Nantes studies, appears to have been made widely around the neoliberal subject (its intellectual origins, its social and political actors, his grip on the ruling elite, its congruence with the safe authoritarianism etc.) of the time, that can one add? Fertilized three lines, however, be relieved of all of these works, which are all end points as analytical outlook on this subject so ample and if fleeing a time, almost imperceptible, which only reduces or has a doctrine nor has an ideology, or to a series of institutions, but through them all as a set of ratio-penalty charges as plastics that - often - relentless. Adapted from the source document.

This article engages a critical dialogue with the interpretations of neoliberalism as a general view on the world and a construction of individual psychology. It aims at showing that the economic importance of neoliberalism is primordial. Underestimating the economical dimension in neoliberal governmental practices leads to the temptation of a functionalist psychologism it prevents from understanding the complex and bidirectional relations between capitalist economy and the subjects living in it (their desires, their beliefs, their interests). There is no contradiction between neoliberalism as a form of society and neoliberalism as an economic rationality. Therefore, neoliberalism can be understood as an essential (even if mobile and plural) moment of contemporary capitalism. Adapted from the source document.