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The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants that influence the propensity to indebtedness in the millennial generation who live in Jakarta. This study took a sample of 200 respondents from the millennial generation and who live in the city of Jakarta who were collected through a questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. The data that has been successfully collected is then processed using the PLS-SEM data analysis method. The research design uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. This study uses a structural equation model (SEM) with SmartPLS Version 3.3.2 software as a data analysis tool. The results of this study illustrate that there is a negative effect of financial literacy on the propensity to indebtedness. Materialism has a positive effect on the propensity to indebtedness. Meanwhile, risk perception has a negative effect on the propensity to indebtedness and money value has no effect on the propensity to indebtedness.

AbstractAs charities are expected to take on more and more of the provision of services to the disadvantaged, they will be calling on volunteers to support that work. The use of volunteers means important cost savings when compared to the use of paid service providers, thus giving one advantage to the voluntary sector when bidding in the mixed economy of welfare. Given the potential for increased use of volunteers, questions of motivation and commitment become very important. Volunteers make up a significant proportion of the human resources used to service social needs, yet previous research has not made it clear why and how volunteers come to give so much of themselves. This research demonstrates that there is an underlying Volunteerism–Activism Attitude which can be measured, and which holds within its four dimensions the key motivations for volunteering. Use of the scale measuring this attitude allows prediction of those people who are most likely (and least likely) to volunteer for charity activity. For charities the scale might provide a useful tool in managing the personnel with whom they are now expected to bid in the quasi‐markets of service provision.

Darstellung der Trends des Investitionsrückzugs von Auslandsfirmen in den achtziger Jahren. Dabei handelt es sich zumeist um Umstrukturierungen der Konzerne mit dem Ziel, weiterhin auch kurzfristig Zugang zum südafrikanischen Markt zu behalten. Die neuen Verträge werden von den fortschrittlichen Gewerkschaften bekämpft. Dabei geht es meist um den Übergang von Auslandsfilialen der Großkonzerne in südafrikanischen Besitz mit schlechteren Arbeitsbedingungen. Zusätzlich bemüht sich die RSA, Kapital aus den jungen Industriestaaten Asiens zu gewinnen. Diese Strategien haben erheblichen Einfluß auf den Kampf um demokratische Rechte und die Gestaltung eines künftigen nichtrassistischen Südafrika. Politischer Widerstand und Legalisierung des ANC haben ebenfalls Einfluß auf die Investitionen in den Homelands. Die Homeland-Regierungen sind entweder bedroht oder sehen sich gezwungen, etwas zum Schutz der Arbeiter gegen extreme Ausbeutung zu unternehmen. (DÜI-Wsl)

The article focuses on Pakistan and its divided society, and on its decades of characteristic irresponsible and unaccountable leaderships. It argues that a culture of mistrust and poor governance has facilitated fluid civil and civil-military alliances which have in turn legitimised praetorianism by either giving rise to inter-ethnic clashes and formentation of ethnic and sectarian violence, or formidable multi-ethnic opposition to civilian governments. These outcomes have consequently increased the utility of coercion and the saliency of praetorianism. (DSE)