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This article analyzes current problems in public procurement, as well as ways to solve them. The focus is on the modernization and improvement of the contract system, as well as the threat of competition in the government procurement market. The relevance of considering this topic at the present stage is expressed in the need to apply tough measures to combat corruption in the field of public procurement, it justifies the need to improve legislation, due to the difficulties encountered in the implementation of state financial control in the field of procurement. The article describes the complexity of the organization of procurement, identifies ways to optimize them. The main ways of the impact of certain negative trends on the implementation of the contract system of the Russian Federation are proposed. Improvement and modernization of the legal framework in the field of public procurement will always be relevant since the social, economic and political spheres of relations in the global economy are changing and not constant. That is why, basically, it is necessary to create a fundamental legal structure, to which, as far as it would be important, minor amendments will be made, and not urgent and global in a short period of time. The main objectives of regulating the law on the system of contracts are its openness and effectiveness, therefore, reducing corruption and reducing the cost of budget funds, "healthy" competition, timely and high-quality satisfaction of state and public needs, access to the process of perception of procurement stages for professionals and its participants. To understand the supplier in all the intricacies of the contractual system, it is necessary to analyze and study a large number of laws and regulations. The results showed that in order to minimize problems in the field of public procurement, it is necessary to intensify the interaction of regulatory and law enforcement agencies and improve legislation.

The article investigates different definitions of the term "fire safety" in normative legalacts, regulations, scientific and technical literature. The author considers fire safety as alegal institution. Particular attention is drawn to the main sources of threat to public safety,to which the concept refers fires and natural disasters associated with natural hazards andfires. Hazards of fire, affecting people and property, enshrined in legislation and regulationsin the field of fire safety are listed. ; Статья посвящена исследованию различных определений понятия «пожарнаябезопасность», встречающихся в нормативных правовых актах, нормативных до-кументах, научной, и технической литературе. Дается авторское определение по-нятия «пожарная безопасность» как правового института. Особое внимание об-ращается на основные источники угроз общественной безопасности, к которымотносятся пожары и стихийные бедствия, связанные с опасными природными яв-лениями и пожарами. Перечисляются опасные факторы пожара, воздействующиена людей и имущество, закрепленные в законодательных актах и нормативныхдокументах в области пожарной безопасности.

Since 2010, Russia has been developing new drug legislation, internal quality control and safety of medical organizations, and has developed algorithms for submitting Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) using an automated information system. On April 1, 2019, Russia launched an updated national database of ICSR, which uses the international ICH E2B data standard, which may increase the amount of reporting to the Uppsala monitoring center. This publication covers the key aspects of pharmacovigilance system development in the Russian Federation. The analysis of pharmacovigilance structure in the Russian Federation is carried out, its main problems are designated. Presents methods to identify causal relationships between adverse reaction and drug, evaluation of its degree of validity (questionnaires, algorithms, and scale), as already recommended by the WHO, and the new modifi ed versions. The expediency of using a scale for determining the degree of reliability of a causal relationship «an undesirable reaction — drug interaction» when analyzing spontaneous reports of undesirable reactions that may be caused by drug interactions is noted. An effective method of detection and prevention of adverse reactions is presented — the Global Trigger Tool (GTT). The question of the need for motivation and training of medical personnel in the correct design of spontaneous messages, as well as methods of identifying the causal relationship between adverse reactions of drugs. The directions of optimization of pharmacovigilance system are proposed, including methods of more effective active surveillance in the identifi cation and prevention of adverse reactions. ; России с 2010 г. развивается новая правовая база регулирования обращения лекарственных средств, внутреннего контроля качества и безопасности деятельности медицинских организаций, созданы алгоритмы репортирования о нежелательных реакциях с использованием автоматизированной информационной системы. Для гармонизации с международными подходами к выявлению нежелательных реакций с 1 апреля 2019 г. в национальной базе нежелательных реакций используется международный стандарт данных ICH E2B, что может способствовать увеличению объема репортирования в Уппсальский центр ВОЗ по международному мониторингу лекарственных средств. В работе освещены ключевые аспекты развития системы фармаконадзора в Российской Федерации, приведен анализ ее структуры, обозначены основные проблемы. Представлены методики выявления причинно-следственной связи между нежелательной реакцией и лекарственным препаратом и оценки степени ее достоверности (опросники, алгоритмы и шкалы): как уже рекомендованные ВОЗ, так и новые модифицированные варианты. Отмечена целесообразность использования шкалы определения степени достоверности причинно-следственной связи «нежелательная реакция—взаимодействие лекарственных средств» при анализе спонтанных сообщений о нежелательных реакциях, причиной которых может являться взаимодействие препаратов. Представлен эффективный способ выявления и предупреждения нежелательных реакций — методика глобальной оценки триггеров (Global Trigger Tool). Поставлен вопрос о необходимости мотивации и обучения медицинского персонала корректному оформлению спонтанного сообщения, а также методикам выявления причинно-следственной связи между нежелательными реакциями и лекарственными препаратами. Предложены направления оптимизации работы системы фармаконадзора, в том числе внедрение методов активного надзора.

As a part of administrative reform and "regulatory guillotine" in Russia in 2020-2021, several significant changes in the governmental regulation of dental care have occurred: implementation of new version of Order of provision of dental care and infrastructure of governmental dental facilities; approval of Rules of carrying of X-ray examinations; development of changes in the sanitary-epidemiological requirements to medical facilities. Meanwhile, the requirements on the radiation safety in the medical facilities remained the same. The lack of coordination during the development of new documents between the Ministry of Healthcare and Rospotrebnadzor resulted in preservation of the existing problems with the use of X-ray equipment in dentistry (for example, related to the allocation of dental X-ray units in residual and public buildings) and appearance of new problems (for example, removal of a requirement for the license in radiology for dentists). The study is focused on the analysis of the issues of regulation of the provision of radiation safety for dental care of public of the Russian Federation. It includes a review of the acting regulatory documents of the Ministry of Healthcare and Rospotrebnadzor, regulating the allocation of dental X-ray units and provision of dental X-ray examinations, with subsequent identification of the major issues and problems. The results of the study indicate that changes in the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Healthcare implemented in 2020-2021 contradict the acting requirements on radiation safety. It is necessary to further improve the legislative base regulating the dental care: harmonization of the acting requirements on the equipment of the dental rooms, orders and standards of dental care, training of staff. The harmonized base should result in a provision of qualitative dental care and radiation safety. ; В рамках мероприятий административной реформы в России и применения механизма «регуляторной гильотины» в 2020–2021 гг. произошло изменение государственного регулирования нескольких направлений, связанных с оказанием стоматологической помощи: введена новая редакция Порядка оказания стоматологической помощи и оснащения государственных стоматологических организаций, с целью повышения качества оказания медицинских услуг, утверждены Правила проведения рентгенологических исследований, существенно изменились санитарно-эпидемиологические требования к медицинским организациями. Тем временем требования к обеспечению радиационной безопасности в рентгеновских стоматологических кабинетах сохранились в неизменном виде. Отсутствие согласования новых документов Минздрава с Роспотребнадзором привело к тому, что при сохранении всего комплекса существующих проблем с использованием рентгеновской техники в стоматологии (например, с размещением рентгеностоматологических аппаратов в жилых и общественных зданиях) появился целый ряд новых (например, отсутствие требований к наличию лицензии на выполнение работ (услуг) по рентгенологии у стоматологов). В статье представлен анализ вопросов нормативно-правового регулирования обеспечения радиационной безопасности при оказании стоматологической помощи населению Российской Федерации. Выполнен обзор действующих нормативно-методических документов Минздрава и Роспотребнадзора, регулирующих размещение рентгеностоматологических аппаратов и проведение рентгеностоматологических исследований. Выделены основные проблемы обеспечения радиационной безопасности при проведении рентгеностоматологических исследований. Результаты анализа показывают, что введенные в 2020–2021 гг. изменения в нормативно-методические документы Минздрава противоречат действующим требованиям по обеспечению радиационной безопасности. Необходимо дальнейшее совершенствование правовой базы организации работы стоматологических клиник и рентгеностоматологической службы, в частности, гармонизация действующих требований к оснащению стоматологических кабинетов, порядкам и стандартам стоматологической помощи, квалификации персонала, обеспечивающие оказание качественной стоматологической помощи и обеспечение радиационной безопасности.

The article explores the issue on the perception of the concept "national security" areas, models and methods of its maintenance by the population. The author uses materials of the sociological survey conducted by the Laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal management of the South-Russian Institute of Management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. The survey was carried out with the participation of leading experts in various aspects of national security, representing 27 Russian higher educational institutions and research centers in Moscow, Astrakhan, Barnaul, Belgorod, Dushanbe, Krasnodar, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Pyatigorsk, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Syktyvkar, Sochi, Ufa. It is noted that as a priority political governance model that implements the basic concept of national security, respondents identified a democratic model. Most respondents believe that a unified security model in the Russian regions is ineffective, and such model should be developed taking into account the specificity of each subject. The study showed that the public's attention to the issue of national security is not sustainable, as determined by situational factors. It is proved that the motives of anxiety formed in the Russian public mind are not sustainable, and situational. Respondents see the economic cooperation more effective incentive to maintain national interests than by force. Estimation of the population of the priority issues of security shows that most respondents appreciate the organization of work to ensure the safety and anti-terrorism security in the sphere of national relations. The findings give grounds to assert that the focus of public attention to the problem of national security does not yet occupy the leading positions. To a greater extent, respondents focused on the issues of public safety, reducing threats and risks in their daily lives. Apparently, despite the external and internal attempts by certain forces to escalate the symptoms of military threats, economic and political instability, the state authorities have managed to maintain a stable situation on the ground and to instill confidence in the stability of the government itself. However, assessments of respondents showing pain points (as discussed above), on which the regional and federal authorities and the public should focus their attention. This should avoid focusing on minor topics objects, eliminate switching public attention on themes and subjects that do not require a real public outcry and do not carry the real threats to the individual, society and state. Thus, the problem of improving the state policy in the sphere of security exists objectively, and its resolution should be ensured not only by the professional power sector, deputies and representatives of the executive power, but also qualified experts from civil society and scientific environment. (author's abstract)

Today, the issue of drugs distribution through the Internet is especially urgent, since the World Wide Web has become an integral part of the life of the population, especially among adolescents and the youth. The article reveals the problem of the contact-free sale of narcotic drugs through virtual networks, which poses a threat to state and public security. Factors for the growth of cybercrime in the fi eld of drug trafficking have been identifi ed. The author defined the main aspects of the state legal regulation of committing drug crimes in the Internet space. English version of the article on pp. 80-84 available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/usage-of-information-technologies-in-narcotic-drug-crime-system-as-a-threat-to-public-security/61600.html

Предметом исследования выступают федеративные отношения современных государств и роль местного самоуправления в этом процессе. Задачами исследования являются: рассмотрение вопросов идеального территориального устройства государства; сравнительный анализ федеративных и унитарных форм организации власти; выявление недостатков децентрализованной формы построения государства; рассмотрение сущности суверенитета при территориальном разделении властных полномочий. Рассматривая сущность федеративного и унитарного государственного устройства, а также роль автономий и местного самоуправления в распределении и использовании властных полномочий, автор приходит к выводу, что федеративное государство может и должно существовать только в постановке понимания государственной власти как единственной и неделимой не по территориальному, а тем более по национальному признаку. Власть субъекта федерации не является государственной, так как не обладает необходимым признаком – суверенитетом (верховенством). Местное же самоуправление является спасительным институтом в структуре федеративного государства, построенного по принципу сильной централизованной власти. В Российской Федерации на данный момент местное самоуправление как таковое отсутствует. ; The object of research is the federal relations between modern states and the role of local self-government in this process. The objectives of research are consideration of questions of the perfect territorial division of the state; comparative analysis of federal and unitary forms of the organization of power; observation of shortcomings of the decentralized form of building a state; consideration of the essence of sovereignty in the territorial division of authority powers. Considering the essence of a federal and unitary state system, and also the role of autonomies and local self-government in distribution and use of authority powers the author comes to a conclusion that the federal state can and has to exist only when there is understanding of the government authority as only and indivisible neither according to territorial, nor to the national principles. The power of the subject of federation is not the same as the state power as does not possess a necessary feature – the sovereignty (supremacy). The local self-government is helpful institute in the structure of the federal state constructed according to the principle of the strong centralized power. Presently in the Russian Federation the local self-government is absent in its essence.

Публичная дипломатия чрезвычайно важна для успешного ведения как внутренней, так и внешней политики. С ее помощью как гражданское общество, так и власти получают возможность оказывать влияние друг на друга не только в своей стране, но в других странах.
Публичная дипломатия во внешней политике должна быть открытой, ясной и предельно понятной для общественности. С ее помощью достигается лучшее понимание ценностей нации и государства в целом, а также стереотипов и других общественных установок, которые помогают сформировать положительное мнение к государству.

This article describes the current procedure for accounting for three types of state aid: subventions, subsidies and budget loans, as well as the promising directions of development of this object of accounting. The aim of the work was to illustrate the method of reflection in the accounting of the facts of economic life associated with the receipt of state aid for business entities applying the chart of accounts of commercial organizations. The study was conducted using General scientific methods: analysis of legal norms, analogy, comparison, extrapolation, etc. Considered in this paper principles for an accounting of funds to Finance current and capital expenditure and their depreciation in full conformity with the applicable accounting legislation, and will generate accurate reports to business entities. The paper reveals the conceptual apparatus, the emphasis is on the options of accounting for budgetary funds: the method of accrual and the method of actual receipt of resources. The technique of accounting of means of target financing, the income of future periods and their write-off on the current income are considered. Possible cases of reflection in the accounting of need of return of earlier received budgetary funds are opened. The analogy of accounting for budget loans with the norms of the current PBU 15/2008. The disclosed directions of improving the accounting of state aid, consisting in the option of reflecting budgetary funds in the balance sheet (either in the balance sheet liability as part of long-term liabilities or in the balance sheet asset by reducing the carrying value of the relevant articles), will be necessary for organizations in the development of an effective version of the accounting policy for 2020 when making changes to PBU 13/2000.