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1. Introduction -- 2. Local realism and anti-realism : the existence axis -- 3. Local realism and anti-realism : the independence axis -- 4. Idealism -- 5. Kantianism -- 6. Verificationism -- 7. Colour -- 8. Morality -- 9. Science -- 10. Mathematics -- 11. Possible worlds -- 12. Fictional characters.

The academic study of international relations can be considered a debate about realism. Realism provides a foil against which many other schools of thought define themselves and their contributions. Take realism out of the picture and the identities of these other schools as well as the significance of their arguments become much less clear. The study of international politics thus is in an important sense inexplicable without a grounding in realism. Gaining such a grounding, however, is harder than it seems. Precisely because realism is so influential, it is also systematically misunderstood. Whether favourably or unfavourably disposed toward realist ideas and theories, scholars face powerful incentives to make realism into something it is not. As a result, many of the most popular criticisms of realism miss the mark. This article attempts to set the record straight. It argues that the notion that realism can and should be reduced to a single, internally consistent, and logically coherent theory is the taproot of the greatest misunderstanding.

"Structural Realism/Offensive and Defensive Realism" published on by Oxford University Press.

Considers the idea that Barack Obama and his administration may be realists, or if not, then possibly pragmatists. Debates the different possibilities as to what to properly label the new president with special regard towards his foreign policy. Obama has rejected the work of George W. Bush as misguided whereas he saw the presidency of his father as being praiseworthy. Considers also Obama's downplaying of human rights for sake of economic and diplomatic relations. Examines the realist philosophy and agenda beginning in the 1970's to offer a full spectrum in today's context. Adapted from the source document.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. A Picture Held Us Captive -- 2. Escaping the Picture -- 3. Checking Beliefs -- 4. Contact Theory: The Place of the Preconceptual -- 5. Embodied Understanding -- 6. Fusing Horizons -- 7. Realism Retrieved -- 8. Plural Realism -- Index.

The Realism Reader provides broad coverage of a centrally important tradition in the study of foreign policy and international politics. After some years in the doldrums, political realism is again in contention as a leading tradition in the international relations sub-field. Divided into three main sections, the book covers seven different and distinctive approaches within the realist tradition: classical realism, balance of power theory, neorealism, defensive structural realism, offensive structural realism, rise and fall realism, and neoclassical realism. The middl.

With the renaissance of political realism has come an insistence that the study of politics be historically located. While many political realists trace their conception of historical inquiry to Thucydides, this article shows how Herodotus can offer a more realist approach to political phenomena. Herodotus crafts a self-conscious form of historical inquiry that foregrounds the actual activity of the historian as intersubjective, reflective, and particular. Herodotus thus models a historical investigation that shows its own limits while demanding the evaluation of its readers, offering a way to address criticisms of political realism's singular and unacknowledged historical narratives. Moreover, Herodotus's Histories exemplify a disposition toward open inquiry among others—what Herodotus calls wonder—that can invigorate responsive curiosity as part of the project of historical understanding essential to both political realism and contemporary democracies.

"Neoclassical Realism" published on by Oxford University Press.