Suchergebnisse

Argues that international and regional organizations must be reformed and strengthened in order to regulate globalization and that the European Union must give foremost attention to achieving political federation.

The purpose of this article is to open up a series of theoretical perspectives on the study of contemporary international organizations (IOs) & regionalism & to highlight the close connections that exist between the analysis of contemporary IOs, regionalism & the major theoretical debates in the academic study of International Relations. This article focuses on the various theoretical approaches to the study of IOs & regionalism. The ways analysts have studied those issues have changed dramatically over the last 50 or more years. It does not press the theoretical strengths of anyone school, but rather tries to give an idea of what the theoretical landscape looks like. Adapted from the source document.

The article focuses on the region with the lowest level of regional integration: South Asia. Firstly, it describes the role played by the central intergovernmental organization in South Asia: the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Secondly, it outlines the key obstacles for integration in the region. Thirdly, it describes how the main regional actors -- SAARC, Member states, academia & civil society, & the European Union assess regional integration in South Asia. Finally, the article suggests possible scenarios for the region. Adapted from the source document.

This article analyzes key elements in the genesis and formation of the Youth Public Policy (Política Pública de Juventud [PPJ]) in Colombia, particularly observing its conformation at the regional level through the concept of public policy communities, which implies an interdependent players' network process, i.e. producers of ideas and images about youth. The formation of public policy is argued for as a historical process of debates, negotiations, and resistance, regarding the images or representations produced on youth, appropriated by a set of active political communities in various scenarios. The proposal unfolds in three parts: a) the main theoretical guidelines that structure the concept of public policy community; b) the background of the youth and State relationship, and its materialization in the PPJ at the national level; and c) the identification of regional scenarios and players belonging to the youth public policy communities, highlighting the decentralization process and the autonomous youth's local organization processes. This article is a theoretical research outcome, which puts into dialogue the conceptual making and the state-of-the-art surveyed in general, local, and first-level documentary sources taken from players who participated in the making of the PPJ in the Department of Cundinamarca, in Colombia. ; Este artículo analiza los elementos claves en la génesis y formación de la Política Pública de Juventud (PPJ) en Colombia, en particular observando su conformación en el plano regional a través del concepto de comunidades de política pública, que implica un proceso de red actores interdependientes, es decir, productores de ideas e imágenes sobre la juventud. Se defiende la formación de la política pública como un proceso histórico de debates, negociaciones y resistencias, a propósito de las imágenes o representaciones producidas sobre la juventud, apropiadas por un conjunto de comunidades de política activas en diferentes escenarios. Se desarrolla la propuesta en tres partes: a) los lineamientos teóricos principales que estructuran el concepto de comunidad de política pública; b) los antecedentes de la relación juventud y Estado, y su materialización en la PPJ en el ámbito nacional; y c) la identificación de los escenarios y actores regionales de las comunidades de política pública de juventud, destacando el proceso de descentralización y los procesos de organización local juvenil autónoma. Este artículo es un resultado de investigación de carácter teórico, que pone en diálogo la construcción conceptual y el estado del arte levantado a partir de fuentes documentales generales, locales y de primer nivel tomadas de actores que participaron en la construcción de la PPJ del Departamento de Cundinamarca, en Colombia.

Evaluation programs of research institutions began to be established in Europe in the late 70's, concerning the assessment of science and technology activity. In the geoscientific world this enterprise took place in the 1990's, with the implementation of evaluation processes in some national geological surveys (Australian Geological Survey Organization, Geological Survey of Canada, Council for Geoscience - South Africa, Geological Survey of Finland). Among the results of these evaluation/review processes it has been common to recommend the establishment or strengthening of Advisory Councils or Advisory Committees, made up of representatives from industry, academia and governmental agencies. On the trail of the Geological Surveys evaluation process, partnership national geological mapping programs with regional geological surveys, having customers, universities and industry representatives as advisory has also been stimulated. The National Geoscience Mapping Accord in Australia (1990), the National Geoscience Mapping Program in Canada (1991), and National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program in United States (1992) are examples of the government policies in wake of evaluation process. Nevertheless, it is important to say that institutional staff has not accepted evaluation with tranquillity or understood it as an instrument of management. This recent trend of management - making a connection to the customers/users/stakeholders - has been introduced into the Geological Surveys by initiative of government or agencies at high level hierarchy, i. e., from top to bottom, from outside to inside the corporation. ; Evaluation programs of research institutions began to be established in Europe in the late 70's, concerning the assessment of science and technology activity. In the geoscientific world this enterprise took place in the 1990's, with the implementation of evaluation processes in some national geological surveys (Australian Geological Survey Organization, Geological Survey of Canada, Council for Geoscience - South Africa, Geological Survey of Finland). Among the results of these evaluation/review processes it has been common to recommend the establishment or strengthening of Advisory Councils or Advisory Committees, made up of representatives from industry, academia and governmental agencies. On the trail of the Geological Surveys evaluation process, partnership national geological mapping programs with regional geological surveys, having customers, universities and industry representatives as advisory has also been stimulated. The National Geoscience Mapping Accord in Australia (1990), the National Geoscience Mapping Program in Canada (1991), and National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program in United States (1992) are examples of the government policies in wake of evaluation process. Nevertheless, it is important to say that institutional staff has not accepted evaluation with tranquillity or understood it as an instrument of management. This recent trend of management - making a connection to the customers/users/stakeholders - has been introduced into the Geological Surveys by initiative of government or agencies at high level hierarchy, i. e., from top to bottom, from outside to inside the corporation.

Os atuais 33 Tribunais de Contas regionais brasileiros são responsáveis por acompanhar o ciclo de gestão financeira de governos estaduais e municipais e a legalidade dos atos de mais de 20.000 organizações públicas vinculadas a esses Estados e municípios. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a diversidade da configuração interna desses Tribunais de Contas regionais e discutir possíveis associações com a qualidade da auditoria financeira realizada por suas equipes. Foram realizadas entrevistas com auditores externos e diretores de tecnologia da informação de 18 tribunais, trianguladas com documentos oficiais disponibilizados pelos Tribunais de Contas, como relatórios anuais de atividades e manuais de auditoria. Partindo de fatores determinantes da qualidade da auditoria externa identificados na literatura, a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas identificou as características formativas da configuração de cada tribunal analisado. Apesar de todos os tribunais no Brasil terem como origem comum o modelo napoleônico de corte de contas, a análise traz como resultado que suas configurações variam quanto à organização e formação das equipes, ao uso de rodízio na alocação das tarefas de auditoria e à automatização dos sistemas de coleta de dados de jurisdicionados. Discute-se que a diferença na configuração dos tribunais, dada a demarcação de sua área de jurisdição, contribuiria a diferentes níveis de coerção em governos estaduais e municipais, à medida em que a configuração apresenta uma combinação de características que inibe ou amplia a qualidade da auditoria. A partir da literatura de alinhamento organizacional, o artigo alerta sobre o uso de variáveis para tratar o efeito da qualidade da auditoria nos estudos em finanças municipais. ; Currently, the 33 regional audit courts are responsible to monitor the public financial management cycle for states and municipalities and to judge the compliance of governors' acts to the laws regarding procurement and civil servants' employment from more than 20,000 governmental entities under their jurisdiction. This article aims to analyze the diversity of internal configuration of these regional audit courts and to discuss the potential associations with the financial auditing quality their teams usually run. We conducted interviews with external auditors and IT directors from 18 courts, followed by triangulation to official documents from the audit courts, such as audit manuals and activities reports. The audit quality drivers were identified within the governmental auditing literature, supporting the evidences collected by the interviews content analysis. Despite all regional auditing bodies in Brazil were based on the Napoleonic model, the analysis indicates the identified configurations vary according to the team's organization and size, auditor rotation and use of data reporting systems. The discussion shows that dissimilarities on the courts' configurations, as they are responsible to audit a specific country area, will contribute to a different coercion level on fiscal and accounting issues to state and municipalities, due a combination of characteristics which could mitigate or improve the audit quality. This paper additionally suggests some precautions, based on the organization alignment literature, for the use of proxies to control audit quality effects in the public finance studies in Brazil.