On the occasion of the publication of the book by Alain Degenne and Michel Forsé, the concept of a network is once again the subject of an investigation in social sciences. As is also shown by the recent numerous studies on this subject, this book is an indicator of the growing interest of sociology in this issue. In the light of the work that preceded it, we would like to address the issues raised by A. Degenne and Mr Forsé that could first and foremost raise the interest of politicians (.). ; À l'occasion de la parution de l'ouvrage d'Alain Degenne et de Michel Forsé, le concept de réseau fait, une nouvelle fois, l'objet d'une investigation en sciences sociales. Comme en témoignent également les nombreuses études consacrées à ce sujet publiées récemment, cet ouvrage est l'indicateur de l'intérêt croissant de la sociologie à l'égard de cette problématique. À la lumière des travaux qui l'ont précédé, on souhaite aborder les questions soulevées par A. Degenne et M. Forsé susceptibles d'éveiller en tout premier lieu l'intérêt des politistes (.).
This thesis examines the effects of the concerted language policy that was developed and implemented by successive French governments in the second half of the 20th century. As a response to the perceived threat of the pre-eminence of the English language in so many different areas of modern life, the French state has, for nearly half a century, sought to secure the place of the French language in the present and the future by developing a series of commissions charged with recommending French technical terms to supplant borrowed or native forms considered to be inadequate, or name new inventions and concepts. The first part of this thesis describes the terminological planning undertaken in France and demonstrates that it is the product of a long series of interventions by the French state in matters of language. This thesis seeks to evaluate the real-world efficacy of terminological planning carried out in France, by identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the implantation of recommended terms. Drawing on similar studies on the real-world results of terminological planning activities in various specialised domains and involving different languages, a variety of different factors supposed to influence the implantation of specialised terms is identified. Methodologies developed in the literature are enhanced to provide a more nuanced and reliable appreciation of the implantation of recommended terms. The first part of this thesis concludes with the enunciation of the general and specific hypotheses and the justification of the choice of the specialised domain to which the studied terms belong. The second part of this thesis then describes the terminological and documentary corpora compiled and details the methodology by which the corpora are exploited, and the results gathered, managed and analysed.This thesis then describes the influence of different factors on the implantation of the recommended terms of space sciences and technologies. After comparing the global trends observed in the data with those observed in other studies, the influences of terminological, socioterminological and procedural factor are studied in turn. Several factors of each type are found to be involved in the successful implantation of some recommended terms, and certain factors studied are found to favour to the implantation of recommended terms, previous studies having found or supposed the opposite. No single factor examined is found to be sufficient to guarantee, alone, the successful implantation of a recommended term, implantation depending on numerous factors, their interplay and their trade-offs. ; La première partie de cette thèse décrit l'aménagement terminologique en France et démontre que cet aménagement fait la suite d'une longue série d'interventions par l'État en matière linguistique. Tirant profit des études s'intéressant aux résultats d'autres entreprises d'aménagement terminologique dans domaines et langues différents, une variété de facteurs supposés exercer une influence sur l'implantation des termes spécialisés est identifiée. Les méthodologies développées dans les études précédentes sont mises au point pour permettre des appréciations plus nuancées et fiables de l'implantation terminologique. La première partie de cette thèse se conclut par l'énonciation de notre hypothèse principale, de nos hypothèses spécifiques et de la justification du choix du domaine spécialisé auquel appartiennent les termes étudiés. Dans sa deuxième partie, cette thèse décrit les corpus terminologique et documentaire constitués ainsi que la méthodologie par laquelle ils sont exploités et les données obtenues, gérées et analysées.La troisième partie de cette thèse décrit l'influence de nombreux facteurs sur l'implantation des termes recommandés des sciences et techniques spatiales. Après avoir comparé les tendances générales dans les données avec celles des autres études, l'influence des facteurs terminologiques, socioterminologiques et procéduraux est étudiée à tour de rôle. Plusieurs facteurs de chaque type sont impliqués dans l'implantation réussie de certains termes recommandés. Il est également démontré que certains facteurs favorisent l'implantation contrairement aux constats d'autres études. Aucun des facteurs examinés n'est, à lui seul, capable de garantir l'implantation d'un terme recommandé, l'implantation dépendant de nombreux facteurs, leurs interactions et les compromis qu'ils engendrent.
This thesis examines the effects of the concerted language policy that was developed and implemented by successive French governments in the second half of the 20th century. As a response to the perceived threat of the pre-eminence of the English language in so many different areas of modern life, the French state has, for nearly half a century, sought to secure the place of the French language in the present and the future by developing a series of commissions charged with recommending French technical terms to supplant borrowed or native forms considered to be inadequate, or name new inventions and concepts. The first part of this thesis describes the terminological planning undertaken in France and demonstrates that it is the product of a long series of interventions by the French state in matters of language. This thesis seeks to evaluate the real-world efficacy of terminological planning carried out in France, by identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the implantation of recommended terms. Drawing on similar studies on the real-world results of terminological planning activities in various specialised domains and involving different languages, a variety of different factors supposed to influence the implantation of specialised terms is identified. Methodologies developed in the literature are enhanced to provide a more nuanced and reliable appreciation of the implantation of recommended terms. The first part of this thesis concludes with the enunciation of the general and specific hypotheses and the justification of the choice of the specialised domain to which the studied terms belong. The second part of this thesis then describes the terminological and documentary corpora compiled and details the methodology by which the corpora are exploited, and the results gathered, managed and analysed.This thesis then describes the influence of different factors on the implantation of the recommended terms of space sciences and technologies. After comparing the global trends observed in the data with those observed in other studies, the influences of terminological, socioterminological and procedural factor are studied in turn. Several factors of each type are found to be involved in the successful implantation of some recommended terms, and certain factors studied are found to favour to the implantation of recommended terms, previous studies having found or supposed the opposite. No single factor examined is found to be sufficient to guarantee, alone, the successful implantation of a recommended term, implantation depending on numerous factors, their interplay and their trade-offs. ; La première partie de cette thèse décrit l'aménagement terminologique en France et démontre que cet aménagement fait la suite d'une longue série d'interventions par l'État en matière linguistique. Tirant profit des études s'intéressant aux résultats d'autres entreprises d'aménagement terminologique dans domaines et langues différents, une variété de facteurs supposés exercer une influence sur l'implantation des termes spécialisés est identifiée. Les méthodologies développées dans les études précédentes sont mises au point pour permettre des appréciations plus nuancées et fiables de l'implantation terminologique. La première partie de cette thèse se conclut par l'énonciation de notre hypothèse principale, de nos hypothèses spécifiques et de la justification du choix du domaine spécialisé auquel appartiennent les termes étudiés. Dans sa deuxième partie, cette thèse décrit les corpus terminologique et documentaire constitués ainsi que la méthodologie par laquelle ils sont exploités et les données obtenues, gérées et analysées.La troisième partie de cette thèse décrit l'influence de nombreux facteurs sur l'implantation des termes recommandés des sciences et techniques spatiales. Après avoir comparé les tendances générales dans les données avec celles des autres études, l'influence des facteurs terminologiques, socioterminologiques et procéduraux est étudiée à tour de rôle. Plusieurs facteurs de chaque type sont impliqués dans l'implantation réussie de certains termes recommandés. Il est également démontré que certains facteurs favorisent l'implantation contrairement aux constats d'autres études. Aucun des facteurs examinés n'est, à lui seul, capable de garantir l'implantation d'un terme recommandé, l'implantation dépendant de nombreux facteurs, leurs interactions et les compromis qu'ils engendrent.
This thesis examines the effects of the concerted language policy that was developed and implemented by successive French governments in the second half of the 20th century. As a response to the perceived threat of the pre-eminence of the English language in so many different areas of modern life, the French state has, for nearly half a century, sought to secure the place of the French language in the present and the future by developing a series of commissions charged with recommending French technical terms to supplant borrowed or native forms considered to be inadequate, or name new inventions and concepts. The first part of this thesis describes the terminological planning undertaken in France and demonstrates that it is the product of a long series of interventions by the French state in matters of language. This thesis seeks to evaluate the real-world efficacy of terminological planning carried out in France, by identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the implantation of recommended terms. Drawing on similar studies on the real-world results of terminological planning activities in various specialised domains and involving different languages, a variety of different factors supposed to influence the implantation of specialised terms is identified. Methodologies developed in the literature are enhanced to provide a more nuanced and reliable appreciation of the implantation of recommended terms. The first part of this thesis concludes with the enunciation of the general and specific hypotheses and the justification of the choice of the specialised domain to which the studied terms belong. The second part of this thesis then describes the terminological and documentary corpora compiled and details the methodology by which the corpora are exploited, and the results gathered, managed and analysed.This thesis then describes the influence of different factors on the implantation of the recommended terms of space sciences and technologies. After comparing the global trends observed in the data with those ...
In the context of an epistemology work, a short critical study of five scientific guiding principles, characteristic of the new informational paradigms that are currently being implemented in science and electronic information technology, is presented. Whether it be for the construction of scientific knowledge, for the production of scientific information and for the communication of such information or for its use in this field, new intellectual reinforcement is being mobilised, scientific principles exist and characterise scientific and technological paradigms. Adopted by some, counteracted or diverted by others, these intellectual reinforcements are more or less stabilised. In addition, sociological, economic and political determinants are blurring them and the technological divide, although accepted adds high instability. ; Within the framework of an epistemological project, a short critical study of five directing scientific principles, characteristic of the new informational paradigms which are present today in electronic information science and technology, is presented. In this discipline, either on the level of scientific knowledge construction or on the level of scientific information production, communication and use, new intellectual reinforcements are mobilized. Strong scientific principles exist and characterize new scientific paradigms. Adopted by some information scientists, thwarted or diverted by others, they are more or less fixed. Moreover, strong sociological, economic and political determinants come to scramble them and technological outburst, although accepted, adds a strong instability. ; In the context of an epistemology work, a short critical study of five scientific guiding principles, characteristic of the new informational paradigms that are currently being implemented in science and electronic information technology, is presented. Whether it be for the construction of scientific knowledge, for the production of scientific information and for the communication of such information or ...
