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In an analysis of the complexity of the religious phenomenon in the contemporary world, it is argued that secularization has the paradoxical effect of sustaining both historic & more recently formed religions. These latter actively resist its impact but adapt themselves in complex ways -- including the incorporation of the secular -- & survive with modified values & ceremonial symbols. Religions become secularized, & secular expressions continue to manifest religious elements. It is concluded that the relations between secularism & religiosity constitute less a dichotomy than a continuum or mosaic. 2 Photographs. Adapted from the source document.

Like many religiously heterogeneous systems, India has struggled with the relationships between the sacred and the secular worlds. There appears to be several conflicting models of secularism at work in India. The article highlights the major flashpoints of conflict and proceeds substantially to analyse the models of secularism involved and their theoretical and operational implications in Indian politics. The article concludes by outlining the elements of a rights based secularism implicit in the work of the late leader and constitutional theorist - B. R. Ambedkar - and the possible legitimacy of such an approach to secularism. (AJPS/DÜI)

Examines recent challenges to the secular state in India; the Hindu right wing, the Kashmir question, the Punjab crisis, status of women, and other issues.