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In the article Ukrainian unit onomastic space, the object of study of ergonomics as the science of names of various groups of people in the political, scientific, cultural, industrial, commercial, banking and finance and other fields. Firmonimy (ergonems) analyzes of semantic markedness position that causes their functioning in firmonimikoni Mykolavschyny. The main motivational signs that serve as factors in the appearance of these elements in the language. The basic trends in the formation company names region, including vidapelyatyvna nomination, advertising motivation, influence of western cultural stereotypes as extra-linguistic factor to the system of proper names. It is indicated in the necessity of solving the problems of modern Ukrainianization company names as the southern region and the country. ; Анализируемый семантический потенциал единиц рассмотрен в системе эргонимики, представляющей собой науку о количественно значительном сегменте онимного пространства – названиях разнообразных объединений людей в политической, научной, культурной, производственной, торговой, банковско-финансовой и других сферах, которые органично образуют фирмонимикон г. Николаева. ; Аналізований семантичний потенціал одиниць розглянуто в системі ергономіки, що являє собою науку про кількісно значний сегмент онімного простору – назви різноманітних об'єднань людей у політичній, науковій, культурній, виробничій, торговельній, банківсько-фінансовій та інших сферах, які органічно утворюють фірмонімікон м.Миколаєва.

In the article Ukrainian unit onomastic space, the object of study of ergonomics as the science of names of various groups of people in the political, scientific, cultural, industrial, commercial, banking and finance and other fields. Firmonimy (ergonems) analyzes of semantic markedness position that causes their functioning in firmonimikoni Mykolavschyny. The main motivational signs that serve as factors in the appearance of these elements in the language. The basic trends in the formation company names region, including vidapelyatyvna nomination, advertising motivation, influence of western cultural stereotypes as extra-linguistic factor to the system of proper names. It is indicated in the necessity of solving the problems of modern Ukrainianization company names as the southern region and the country. ; Анализируемый семантический потенциал единиц рассмотрен в системе эргонимики, представляющей собой науку о количественно значительном сегменте онимного пространства – названиях разнообразных объединений людей в политической, научной, культурной, производственной, торговой, банковско-финансовой и других сферах, которые органично образуют фирмонимикон г. Николаева. ; Аналізований семантичний потенціал одиниць розглянуто в системі ергономіки, що являє собою науку про кількісно значний сегмент онімного простору – назви різноманітних об'єднань людей у політичній, науковій, культурній, виробничій, торговельній, банківсько-фінансовій та інших сферах, які органічно утворюють фірмонімікон м.Миколаєва.

In the article Ukrainian unit onomastic space, the object of study of ergonomics as the science of names of various groups of people in the political, scientific, cultural, industrial, commercial, banking and finance and other fields. Firmonimy (ergonems) analyzes of semantic markedness position that causes their functioning in firmonimikoni Mykolavschyny. The main motivational signs that serve as factors in the appearance of these elements in the language. The basic trends in the formation company names region, including vidapelyatyvna nomination, advertising motivation, influence of western cultural stereotypes as extra-linguistic factor to the system of proper names. It is indicated in the necessity of solving the problems of modern Ukrainianization company names as the southern region and the country. ; Анализируемый семантический потенциал единиц рассмотрен в системе эргонимики, представляющей собой науку о количественно значительном сегменте онимного пространства – названиях разнообразных объединений людей в политической, научной, культурной, производственной, торговой, банковско-финансовой и других сферах, которые органично образуют фирмонимикон г. Николаева. ; Аналізований семантичний потенціал одиниць розглянуто в системі ергономіки, що являє собою науку про кількісно значний сегмент онімного простору – назви різноманітних об'єднань людей у політичній, науковій, культурній, виробничій, торговельній, банківсько-фінансовій та інших сферах, які органічно утворюють фірмонімікон м.Миколаєва.

This paper presents a semantic and symbolic analysis of the concept and presentation of the concept of Islam Nusantara and the ways in which it evokes meaning and emotion to counter trans-national violent extremist movements including al-Qaeda and ISIS, based on Salafi-Wahhabi ideologies. It is based on a frame based content analysis of religious and political themes ofIslam Nusantra. I focus primarily on two films produced by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) to promote this concept: the near feature length (83 minutes)The Blessing of Islam Nusantara (Oceans of Revelation: Islam as a Blessing for All Creation) and the much shorter (8 minutes) Launching the Film The Blessing Islam Nusantara. The first draws on elements of Sufism, Javanese and to a lesser extent other Indonesian cultures to construct a vision of Islam directly countering that of both violent and non-violent Salafi-Wahhabi extremists. The second promotes the film and Ansor's (the NU youth organization) potential for combatting violent extremism. Theoretically, I rely on insights by Goffman's observations concerning the ways in which semantic frames, and more specifically reframing, can alter dominance hierarchies in discourse systems and Sperber's demonstration that symbolization is a cognitive process that evokes as well as communicates meaning and emotion.

The Iconic mark has several presentation in our current life, so, the photo in its technical semantic perspective has sequential and intersecting indications to produce the meaning, each of which interprets a series of interrelated symbolic fields; to form the semantic patterns in our daily social, cultural and political life, and reveals the hidden complex pragmatic dimensions which is transmitted by the openness of modern technical non regulated in the characteristics of the dynamic communication in its various forms; while now, the image, drawing, publicity, color, sound, scene, and body gestures are more used than verbal communication; this is in line with the age of technology and speed. The image also penetrates the virtual reality and is presented in a new model and pattern; its work is functional and formal, it does so as a legal value; it no longer has real value for use and circulation; perhaps it erases the most genuine part of the original photo signals which wasn't manipulated by hands; but it turned to establish a single perfect virtual artificial photo that lacks the touching expression, specialization and difference. The eloquence of the visual communication is aimed to explain how the rhetorical systems operates on the iconic and formal form from a semantic perspective and then benefit from the linguistic rhetoric that examines the displacement of the picture, depending on the perceived cognitive and visual levels, in an attempt to question what doesn't utter to illustrate the effect of visual reality photos on those who are able to talk

Abstract
Focusing on the Brazilian spirit-incorporation religion of Umbanda, this article proposes a theoretical shift in conceptions of hybridity: a move from asking "what ingredients mix in what manner to produce what result?" to asking "how do we interpret religious innovation?" This approach sees meaning as simply the result of interpretation (not in terms of a representational relation between words and world). It also underlines the centrality of discursive claims of hybridity and purity, as opposed to historical issues of origins – a point clarified by comparing "hybridity" to "tradition." Comparison of Umbanda and Candomblé leads to the conclusion that each can be considered both "Afro-Brazilian" and "hybrid" in different ways. Candomblé exhibits semantic polarity (all groups accept that a certain sub-type is more authentic and hybridity marks divergence from that norm). Umbanda exhibits semantic plurality (wide variation between groups is not subject to such a normative judgment).