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The Nigerian era sees the development of a set of original, corporatist professional organisations, framing professional groups defined by specialised competence and university level diploma, mobilised in support of the national development project. These 'professional unions' are sometimes seen as the heirs of Ottoman corporations. The purpose of this article is to question some theoretical interpretations that have been proposed, based on universal models, and to show the value of an approach inspired by socio-history and the work of Sewell, mindful of the persistence of idiomes through breaks in history. ; International audience The Nasser era saw the development of a number of professional organizations for occupational groups defined by specialized skills and university degrees, and mobilized for the national development project. A favorite object of study for political scientists, these "professional unions" are sometimes regarded as distant heirs of Ottoman guilds. The study focuses on the examination of theoretical interpretations, based on models with universalizing ambitions, and aims at demonstrating the value of an approach inspired by social history and Sewell's work, which takes into account the persistence of idioms through historical discontinuities. ; The Nigerian era sees the development of a set of original, corporatist professional organisations, framing professional groups defined by specialised competence and university level diploma, mobilised in support of the national development project. These 'professional unions' are sometimes seen as the heirs of Ottoman corporations. The purpose of this article is to question some theoretical interpretations that have been proposed, based on universal models, and to show the value of an approach inspired by socio-history and the work of Sewell, mindful of the persistence of idiomes through breaks in history. ; L'époque nassérienne voit le développement d'un ensemble d'organisations professionnelles originales, de type corporatiste, encadrant des ...

International audience ; The study bears on Hindi in its history, both political and cultural : its geographical extension, the controversy regarding Hindi/Urdu and the names successively give to the language, its emergence as a literary language, its institutionalization and place within language policies, as well as its grammatical traditions since the seventeenth century till now. ; L'étude porte sur le hindi dans son histoire, politique et culturelle : son extension géographique, le débat hindi/ourdou et les noms donnés successivement à la langue, son émergence en tant que langue littéraire, son institutionnalisation et sa place dans les politiques linguistiques, ainsi que ses traditions grammaticales depuis le dix-septième siècle à nos jours.