Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o resultado de um estudo desenvolvido em Palmas, capital do estado do Tocantins, sobre a construção do estigma e preconceito presentes nas relações entre a população oriunda do Estado do Maranhão e os habitantes da nossa capital, no sentido de compreender a construção do estigma de "maranhense", atribuído geralmente às pessoas consideradas inferiores ou com alguma dificuldade no desempenho de suas atividades. Para tanto, são levados em consideração os conceitos de identidade no contexto da migração, tendo em vista que a cidade de Palmas conta com uma população que comporta pessoas das mais variadas regiões do país que para aqui se deslocaram em busca de melhores condições de vida. A metodologia utilizada contemplou primeiramente a revisão da literatura e, em seguida, uma pesquisa qualitativa através da aplicação de questionários abertos e entrevistas direcionadas aos maranhenses residentes em Palmas. Foram aplicados 37 questionários para ambos os sexos, sendo 19 para sexo feminino e 18 para o sexo masculino.
Esta resenha trata do fenômeno da memória e suas variantes, como a memória coletiva. Nesta obra é demonstrada a relação entre a memória e a identidade dos indivíduos e grupos.
The basic problem that the process of Euro integrations faces today is the absence of the European identity. There are ideas how it could be built, on what it should be based, but the basic problem is the EU has give up in a great extent from the real European values - the ideals like freedom, equality, solidarity, social justice, etc. Human rights are the European achievement, but a distinctive, therefore identity difference between the European and the Anglo-American interpretation is that the European variant guaranteed social-economic rights, which was actually a concretization of the great ideal of solidarity. Today, with prevailing ideology of globalism, just this element of human rights has been brutally waded, a part of the European identity with it. A similar situation is with what the Europeans consider the greatest achievement of the EU - free movement of people, goods and capital. Free movement of people is questioned by building barbed wires and creation of a new ante murale christianitatis, even in Islamic states, far away from the Schengen Area that is proclaimed untouchable. Moreover, all those people swarming to the Europe actually have close connections with it - they originate from former European colonies, brutally exploited by their metropolises for decades and centuries. Not only that, but recently their new 'Europeanization' has been attempted through the initialization of the 'Arab Spring' , which resulted with increase of the Islamic fundamentalism, disintegration of certain Arab states and tribal war in them, increase of terrorism and, of course, migrants from those areas. Although it would be justified to try to return the evil gotten to them at least partly, by refusing to accept the miserable the Europe gives the mortal strike to some of the main values that are considered its identity characteristics - free movement of people and solidarity. All this, actually, indicates on the absence of the European identity consciousness. There is no clearly defined content of the idea of the Euroidentity, nor there is consciousness of it with the citizens of the EU. The citizens of the EU are still more French, Englishmen, Germans, Italians, Spaniards, Poles, Czechs rather than the Europeans. Their Europeanism exists only on the level of usefulness and efficacy, therefore, the prediction is that the model of the EU as an international organizations generis will be kept for a long time, while identities in future will be tied for (European) nations.
Occupational divisions in any country are understood largely as change in the activities of the membersin a given society and the way to earn their livelihood. Mostly, the change is observed in terms of changes in the distribution activities in the socio-economic structure of the society. India is a traditional caste-based society and so it is pertinent to describe occupational activities in terms of socio-cultural rather than the socio-economic structure. The socio-cultural implications of these occupational changes of the communities' opted alternative occupational options and understanding their development, requires interrelations of various aspects with holistic approach. The researchers felt that there is inadequacy of empirical studies relating to socio-cultural, economic and political attributes of different occupational groups. The point of departure of this paper is the caste affirmation and its ramifications on traditional communities by claiming their traditional occupations for new social identity. This affirmation in turn is expected to lead to a shift in the socio-political relationships of the community with the other dominant communities in social hierarchy. In India, occupational changes are taking place more widely than statistical changes and emerging with alternative social movement. This paper also critically analyses the existing caste theories, lacuna in the existing nomenclature, and gives a glimpse of Constitutional Privileges and their reflection on contemporary Government Orders (GOs) with special reference to a community (Scheduled Caste) in Tamil Nadu (State in South India). The paper empirically validates the emerging alternative collective social movement of a community, their social status through traditional occupation, knowledge system and their resistance to inclusion in the existing nomenclature
In this paper author analyzes the attitude towards the Serbian identity by the former ruling structures of Montenegro led by the DPS. As a theoretical framework the paper uses the theory of securitization which is an adequate analytical and research concept to explain how and in what way the Serbian identity in Montenegro is marked as an existential threat and danger to the independence, sovereignty and modern character of the Montenegrin state. Although the differentiation between the ethno-national Montenegrin and Serbian identities within Montenegro is a process that began even before the declaration of independence in 2006, the author primarily focuses on the securitization processes that marked the previous two years. By analyzing the contemporary public discourse the author notices securitizing moves that fit into the "grammar of security" and identifies the main factors of the securitization process in Montenegro that seek to maintain the same social and political narrative which is dominated by the division between Montenegrin and Serbian identity and thus labeling the latter as a security threat to the state.
The article discusses the concept of identity articulating elements of the critical perspective in social psychology, especially from the syntagm identity-metamorphosis-emancipation developed by Antonio Ciampa, as well as the concept of 'identity politics.' In parallel, the study reflects on the contributions of Norbert Elias connected to the conceptions of Ciampa. Entrepreneuship is understood as a fundamental structuring concept of identity, as a presupposed, idealized identity. The study does not takes a position contrary to entrepreneurship, but discusses the prevailing meanings that have been attributed to entrepreneurship, whose construction constitutes an ideological and mythicized identity politics. ; Este ensayo analiza la identidad articulando elementos desde una perspectiva crítica en psicología social, especialmente a partir del sintagma identidad-metamorfosis-emancipación elaborado por Antonio Ciampa, así como el concepto de políticas de identidad. Paralelamente, se utilizan los aportes de Norbert Elias para la reflexión, para la reflexión, articulándolos a las concepciones de Ciampa. Para ello, se toma el espíritu empresarial como un concepto fundamental de la estructuración de la identidad como identidad presupuesta idealizada. En cualquier caso, no se trata de asumir una posición contraria a la iniciativa empresarial o al hecho de que alguien emprenda alguna actividad. Se trata, sin embargo, de discutir el significado predominante que se ha atribuido a la iniciativa empresarial, cuya construcción constituye una política de identidad de carácter ideológico y fetichizado. ; Este artigo discute a identidade articulando elementos da perspectiva crítica em psicologia social, especialmente a partir do sintagma identidade-metamorfose-emancipação desenvolvido por Antônio Ciampa, bem como o conceito de políticas de identidade. Paralelamente, as contribuições de Norbert Elias são utilizadas para a reflexão, articulando-se às concepções de Ciampa. Para tanto, toma-se o empreendedorismo como conceito estruturador fundamental da identidade, enquanto identidade pressuposta idealizada. De todo modo, não se trata de assumir uma posição contrária ao empreendedorismo ou ao fato de alguém empreender alguma atividade. Trata-se, porém, de discutir o significado predominante que tem sido atribuído ao empreendedorismo, cuja construção constitui uma política de identidade de caráter ideológico e fetichizado.
The article discusses the concept of identity articulating elements of the critical perspective in social psychology, especially from the syntagm identity-metamorphosis-emancipation developed by Antonio Ciampa, as well as the concept of 'identity politics.' In parallel, the study reflects on the contributions of Norbert Elias connected to the conceptions of Ciampa. Entrepreneuship is understood as a fundamental structuring concept of identity, as a presupposed, idealized identity. The study does not takes a position contrary to entrepreneurship, but discusses the prevailing meanings that have been attributed to entrepreneurship, whose construction constitutes an ideological and mythicized identity politics. ; Este ensayo analiza la identidad articulando elementos desde una perspectiva crítica en psicología social, especialmente a partir del sintagma identidad-metamorfosis-emancipación elaborado por Antonio Ciampa, así como el concepto de políticas de identidad. Paralelamente, se utilizan los aportes de Norbert Elias para la reflexión, para la reflexión, articulándolos a las concepciones de Ciampa. Para ello, se toma el espíritu empresarial como un concepto fundamental de la estructuración de la identidad como identidad presupuesta idealizada. En cualquier caso, no se trata de asumir una posición contraria a la iniciativa empresarial o al hecho de que alguien emprenda alguna actividad. Se trata, sin embargo, de discutir el significado predominante que se ha atribuido a la iniciativa empresarial, cuya construcción constituye una política de identidad de carácter ideológico y fetichizado. ; Este artigo discute a identidade articulando elementos da perspectiva crítica em psicologia social, especialmente a partir do sintagma identidade-metamorfose-emancipação desenvolvido por Antônio Ciampa, bem como o conceito de políticas de identidade. Paralelamente, as contribuições de Norbert Elias são utilizadas para a reflexão, articulando-se às concepções de Ciampa. Para tanto, toma-se o empreendedorismo como conceito estruturador fundamental da identidade, enquanto identidade pressuposta idealizada. De todo modo, não se trata de assumir uma posição contrária ao empreendedorismo ou ao fato de alguém empreender alguma atividade. Trata-se, porém, de discutir o significado predominante que tem sido atribuído ao empreendedorismo, cuja construção constitui uma política de identidade de caráter ideológico e fetichizado.
The present essay examines the social situation of transvestites, and their identity as an excluded group. The examination takes into account gender, patriarchy, social exclusion, identity, difference and diversity, and uses transvestites' own reports of their social reality. Finally, on the basis of the experiences of the feminist movement, the article offers some considerations on the formation of transvestites' political conscience.
