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Public debates tend to see social inequality as resulting from individual decisions people make, for instance with respect to their education or lifestyle. Solutions are often sought in supporting individuals to make better choices. This neglects the importance of social groups and communities in determining individual outcomes. A moral perspective on social inequality questions the fairness of insisting on individual responsibilities, when members of some groups systematically receive fewer opportunities than others. The essays in this book have been prepared by experts from different disciplines, ranging from philosophy to engineering, and from economics to epidemiology. On the basis of recent scientific insights, World of Difference examines how group memberships impact on individual outcomes in four key domains: health, education and work, migration, and the environment. This offers a new moral perspective on social inequality, which policy makers tend to neglect.

The concept of empowerment is hard to miss in the field of social work, (health)care and welfare. Here, empowerment seems to stand for the autonomy and competence of the individual, who learns to make a positive contribution to society. In this book, Richard de Brabander traces the evolution of the notion of empowerment: whereas its roots can be found in the civil rights movement and its fight against oppression and injustice, nowadays the term is mostly used in strategies to make people adapt to dominant norms. While it should motivate us to resist patterns of exclusion and to create new ways of living, today that meaning seems to have turned into its opposite. - In politieke discussies en beleid op het gebied van sociaal werk, zorg en welzijn vliegt de term empowerment je al snel om de oren. Empowerment staat dan voor het versterken van de kracht van het individu, dat zich positief leert inzetten in de maatschappij. In dit boek volgt Richard de Brabander de ontwikkeling van het begrip empowerment: hoe het zijn wortels vindt in de strijd tegen onrecht en onderdrukking, maar vandaag de dag lijkt omgeslagen in het tegendeel daarvan. Empowerment wordt veelal gebruikt om mensen zich te laten aanpassen aan de heersende normen, terwijl het juist zou moeten aanzetten tot verzet, kritiek en nieuwe manieren van leven.