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The paper deals with the purpose and particularity of the annual international scientific conferences "Vision of the Modern Village", organized at Šiau­liai University by Rural Development Research Centre of the Faculty of Social Sciences (Lithuania). Necessity for these conferences is determined by three main factors. First of all, understanding of the village even in academic society is extremely closely related to the agrarian sector. Even investments in the development of rural economy more often than not are evaluated as prospectless and unable to stimulate progress of science and home manufacture. Secondly, the majority of scientific discussions dedicated to rural topicalities are, as a rule, designated to sur­vey of one field of agrarian science or to one branch of rural economy, for example, animal science, husbandry, apiculture, horticulture, etc. The scientific workshops organized for analysis of rural development topics with participation of natural, social and humanitarian sciences, are recognized as rarity or exception. Thirdly, the integrated implementation of scientific and managerial innovations for the countryside (rural) economy is still hardly imaginable in the postsoviet region. Objectives of the implementation of sustainable and wellbalanced economics in the nonurbanized areas and hinterlands are still at the level of nice verbal declarations or good intentions. The differences and inequalities in economic and social development of regions become more and more evident. Social, cultural and e ven political disjunctu­re of rural population become the main obstacle to the state progress. [.]

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

The goal of the article is to identify the salience of ideological cleavages in electoral platforms of Lithuanian parties in the general elections of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. That is, the aim is to evaluate the extent of expression of these cleavages. Only few parties, that is the so-called relevant parties are analysed. The theoretical framework for this analysis is the classification of dimensions of ideology provided by Arend Lijphart. The work of Giovanni Sartori and Ronald Inglehart is studied in the article as well. The main conclusion is that there is a possibility for six various cleavages – socio-economic, religiuos, cultural-ethnic, urban- rural, cleavage of foreign policy and postmaterialist-materialist cleavage. During the elections in 1992 the parties defended rightwing positions in most of the dimensions of socio-economic cleavage. There was no cleavage. During the elections in 1996 and in 2000 the cleavage deepened because the parties began to express their right-wing or left-wing inclinations more clearly. On the other hand, during the elections of 2004 the cleavage remained but the ideological rigidity changed for the worse: some right-wing parties, namely the coalition of Rolandas Paksas, adopted left-wing attitude. Religious cleavage was salient during the elections in 1992 and in 1996 because the Christian Democrats succeeded to win the seats following clerical strategy. Their opponents were the Social-Democrats which defended secular positions. However, the elections of the year 2000 and the year 2004 proved the decline of the longstanding cleavage. Two aspects could be analyzed with respect to the cultural- ethnic cleavage: dominant culture vs. minority culture and nationalism vs. cosmopolitanism. Lithuanian parties always agitated for preservation of the culture of national minorities.[.].

The goal of the article is to identify the salience of ideological cleavages in electoral platforms of Lithuanian parties in the general elections of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. That is, the aim is to evaluate the extent of expression of these cleavages. Only few parties, that is the so-called relevant parties are analysed. The theoretical framework for this analysis is the classification of dimensions of ideology provided by Arend Lijphart. The work of Giovanni Sartori and Ronald Inglehart is studied in the article as well. The main conclusion is that there is a possibility for six various cleavages – socio-economic, religiuos, cultural-ethnic, urban- rural, cleavage of foreign policy and postmaterialist-materialist cleavage. During the elections in 1992 the parties defended rightwing positions in most of the dimensions of socio-economic cleavage. There was no cleavage. During the elections in 1996 and in 2000 the cleavage deepened because the parties began to express their right-wing or left-wing inclinations more clearly. On the other hand, during the elections of 2004 the cleavage remained but the ideological rigidity changed for the worse: some right-wing parties, namely the coalition of Rolandas Paksas, adopted left-wing attitude. Religious cleavage was salient during the elections in 1992 and in 1996 because the Christian Democrats succeeded to win the seats following clerical strategy. Their opponents were the Social-Democrats which defended secular positions. However, the elections of the year 2000 and the year 2004 proved the decline of the longstanding cleavage. Two aspects could be analyzed with respect to the cultural- ethnic cleavage: dominant culture vs. minority culture and nationalism vs. cosmopolitanism. Lithuanian parties always agitated for preservation of the culture of national minorities.[.].

The goal of the article is to identify the salience of ideological cleavages in electoral platforms of Lithuanian parties in the general elections of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. That is, the aim is to evaluate the extent of expression of these cleavages. Only few parties, that is the so-called relevant parties are analysed. The theoretical framework for this analysis is the classification of dimensions of ideology provided by Arend Lijphart. The work of Giovanni Sartori and Ronald Inglehart is studied in the article as well. The main conclusion is that there is a possibility for six various cleavages – socio-economic, religiuos, cultural-ethnic, urban- rural, cleavage of foreign policy and postmaterialist-materialist cleavage. During the elections in 1992 the parties defended rightwing positions in most of the dimensions of socio-economic cleavage. There was no cleavage. During the elections in 1996 and in 2000 the cleavage deepened because the parties began to express their right-wing or left-wing inclinations more clearly. On the other hand, during the elections of 2004 the cleavage remained but the ideological rigidity changed for the worse: some right-wing parties, namely the coalition of Rolandas Paksas, adopted left-wing attitude. Religious cleavage was salient during the elections in 1992 and in 1996 because the Christian Democrats succeeded to win the seats following clerical strategy. Their opponents were the Social-Democrats which defended secular positions. However, the elections of the year 2000 and the year 2004 proved the decline of the longstanding cleavage. Two aspects could be analyzed with respect to the cultural- ethnic cleavage: dominant culture vs. minority culture and nationalism vs. cosmopolitanism. Lithuanian parties always agitated for preservation of the culture of national minorities.[.].

The article focuses on understanding the content of valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance as one of the aggravating element of the theft, stipulated in Part 3 of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of Lithuania. The author represents the conception of this aggravating element in criminal theory and practice and comes to the conclusion, that incrimination of the element aggravating theft valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance is determined by the following two criteria: the objective one (it should be established that it is valuable of high scientific, historical or cultural significance rather than just some valuable of sci­entific, historical or cultural significance which has been stolen) and the subjective (i.e. understanding by the offender that he is stealing not just some valuables but valuables which have high significance for science, culture, and history). However, evaluation of the cultural, historical, and scientific significance of valuables is assigned to the competence of experts who have special professional education. In order to avoid possible contradiction with the subjective principle of criminal capacity, the author proposes to specify, when formulating this element, that the aforementioned valuables should be publicly exhib­ited or belong to a publicly accessible collection. Finally, the author discloses some peculiarities of implementation of the analyzed element and shows the inconsequence of the legislator in establishing punishment for some property offences hav­ing the same aggravating elements.

The article focuses on understanding the content of valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance as one of the aggravating element of the theft, stipulated in Part 3 of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of Lithuania. The author represents the conception of this aggravating element in criminal theory and practice and comes to the conclusion, that incrimination of the element aggravating theft valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance is determined by the following two criteria: the objective one (it should be established that it is valuable of high scientific, historical or cultural significance rather than just some valuable of sci­entific, historical or cultural significance which has been stolen) and the subjective (i.e. understanding by the offender that he is stealing not just some valuables but valuables which have high significance for science, culture, and history). However, evaluation of the cultural, historical, and scientific significance of valuables is assigned to the competence of experts who have special professional education. In order to avoid possible contradiction with the subjective principle of criminal capacity, the author proposes to specify, when formulating this element, that the aforementioned valuables should be publicly exhib­ited or belong to a publicly accessible collection. Finally, the author discloses some peculiarities of implementation of the analyzed element and shows the inconsequence of the legislator in establishing punishment for some property offences hav­ing the same aggravating elements.

The article focuses on understanding the content of valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance as one of the aggravating element of the theft, stipulated in Part 3 of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of Lithuania. The author represents the conception of this aggravating element in criminal theory and practice and comes to the conclusion, that incrimination of the element aggravating theft valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance is determined by the following two criteria: the objective one (it should be established that it is valuable of high scientific, historical or cultural significance rather than just some valuable of sci­entific, historical or cultural significance which has been stolen) and the subjective (i.e. understanding by the offender that he is stealing not just some valuables but valuables which have high significance for science, culture, and history). However, evaluation of the cultural, historical, and scientific significance of valuables is assigned to the competence of experts who have special professional education. In order to avoid possible contradiction with the subjective principle of criminal capacity, the author proposes to specify, when formulating this element, that the aforementioned valuables should be publicly exhib­ited or belong to a publicly accessible collection. Finally, the author discloses some peculiarities of implementation of the analyzed element and shows the inconsequence of the legislator in establishing punishment for some property offences hav­ing the same aggravating elements.

The article focuses on understanding the content of valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance as one of the aggravating element of the theft, stipulated in Part 3 of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of Lithuania. The author represents the conception of this aggravating element in criminal theory and practice and comes to the conclusion, that incrimination of the element aggravating theft valuables of high scientific, historical or cultural significance is determined by the following two criteria: the objective one (it should be established that it is valuable of high scientific, historical or cultural significance rather than just some valuable of sci­entific, historical or cultural significance which has been stolen) and the subjective (i.e. understanding by the offender that he is stealing not just some valuables but valuables which have high significance for science, culture, and history). However, evaluation of the cultural, historical, and scientific significance of valuables is assigned to the competence of experts who have special professional education. In order to avoid possible contradiction with the subjective principle of criminal capacity, the author proposes to specify, when formulating this element, that the aforementioned valuables should be publicly exhib­ited or belong to a publicly accessible collection. Finally, the author discloses some peculiarities of implementation of the analyzed element and shows the inconsequence of the legislator in establishing punishment for some property offences hav­ing the same aggravating elements.

The article familiarizes the reader with the main goals and implementation structures of the DIALLS (Dialogue and Argumentation for Cultural Literacy Learning in Schools) three-year project (2018–2021), supported by EU Research and Innovation program HORIZON 2020. The project is coordinated by Cambridge University in partnership with 9 EU universities. In Lithuania project activities are implemented by the Institute of Educational Sciences at Vilnius University. The theoretical concept of Social Responsibility in the context of Cultural Literacy and Educating for an Active Citizenship is analysed in the theoretical part of the article. Some empirical data on addressing the concept of Social responsibility in the National Educational Policy documentation is presented and discussed from the view of DIALLS projection. Finally, some concluding points on addressing the concepts of Social responsibility, participation, cooperation and citizenship in the national educational policy documentation are drawn up.

The article familiarizes the reader with the main goals and implementation structures of the DIALLS (Dialogue and Argumentation for Cultural Literacy Learning in Schools) three-year project (2018–2021), supported by EU Research and Innovation program HORIZON 2020. The project is coordinated by Cambridge University in partnership with 9 EU universities. In Lithuania project activities are implemented by the Institute of Educational Sciences at Vilnius University. The theoretical concept of Social Responsibility in the context of Cultural Literacy and Educating for an Active Citizenship is analysed in the theoretical part of the article. Some empirical data on addressing the concept of Social responsibility in the National Educational Policy documentation is presented and discussed from the view of DIALLS projection. Finally, some concluding points on addressing the concepts of Social responsibility, participation, cooperation and citizenship in the national educational policy documentation are drawn up.

The article familiarizes the reader with the main goals and implementation structures of the DIALLS (Dialogue and Argumentation for Cultural Literacy Learning in Schools) three-year project (2018–2021), supported by EU Research and Innovation program HORIZON 2020. The project is coordinated by Cambridge University in partnership with 9 EU universities. In Lithuania project activities are implemented by the Institute of Educational Sciences at Vilnius University. The theoretical concept of Social Responsibility in the context of Cultural Literacy and Educating for an Active Citizenship is analysed in the theoretical part of the article. Some empirical data on addressing the concept of Social responsibility in the National Educational Policy documentation is presented and discussed from the view of DIALLS projection. Finally, some concluding points on addressing the concepts of Social responsibility, participation, cooperation and citizenship in the national educational policy documentation are drawn up.

The article familiarizes the reader with the main goals and implementation structures of the DIALLS (Dialogue and Argumentation for Cultural Literacy Learning in Schools) three-year project (2018–2021), supported by EU Research and Innovation program HORIZON 2020. The project is coordinated by Cambridge University in partnership with 9 EU universities. In Lithuania project activities are implemented by the Institute of Educational Sciences at Vilnius University. The theoretical concept of Social Responsibility in the context of Cultural Literacy and Educating for an Active Citizenship is analysed in the theoretical part of the article. Some empirical data on addressing the concept of Social responsibility in the National Educational Policy documentation is presented and discussed from the view of DIALLS projection. Finally, some concluding points on addressing the concepts of Social responsibility, participation, cooperation and citizenship in the national educational policy documentation are drawn up.

Socio-Economic Situation of Women in Countryside of Lithuania Summary This master's dissertation is focused on the situation of women from the territorial point of view, therefore women living in rural areas are emphasized here. Life in such areas has it's own particularity: air pollution is extended to a lesser degree, landscape is more picturesque and wider spread of nature – all those factors are typical of countryside. On the other hand, worse social facilities, less employment and career possibilities, complicated means of communication are more applicable in rural than in urban areas. The subject of rural women is not fully explored in scientific literature yet that's why given information is not enough circumstantial and quite fragmentary. Topical issues usually dealt are poverty among rural women, bad living conditions, high workload, passive participation in social and cultural activities, increased young and educated women migration to cities. Because of these reasons women living in rural areas are facing a bigger probability to experience social exclusion. The main objective in this dissertation is to analyze socio-economic situation of rural women in Širvintos region revealing socio-economic factors which have a big impact on situation of rural women and determine a social exclusion. With the view of implementation of proposed object, there was an empirical research carried out and employable rural women were polled in Širvintai region. There was a questionnaire made to carry out the survey. To find out the socio-economic situation of rural women there was used 7 characteristic features: employment, structure of income, marital status, education, living conditions, participation in public life, political activity. Used methods of research are questionnaire survey and secondary data analysis. Results of the analysis revealed socio-economic situation of rural women which is dependent on the peculiarity of rural area. There was noticed a restraint adaptability of rural women to live in worse living conditions. At once, the changing conception of traditional family, less significance of family as a value for women living in rural areas and the suppression of family as a source of welfare has shown up. Despite the development of country communities and initiatives of expansion, rural women's participation in such activities is still quite passive. However, more than a half of women are interested in social life issues and its solution: they take an interest in politics and it mostly depends on their education and age. As the results of research have shown, rural women who do not have snug income, own house and do not engage in a rewarding social or economic activity, they have the biggest probability to be the part of social disjuncture. In summary of the results it became evident that education is probably the most important factor which has a big influence on socio-economic situation of rural women.