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Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; The aim of the paper is to present signifi cance of Germany in Polish trade in goods and services as well as investment cooperation during the Poland's membership in the European Union. The role of Germany was compared to other EU-15 countries. The research was carried out using both the traditional foreign trade statistics (in gross terms) downloaded from WITS-Comtrade database and trade statistics in value added terms calculated based on World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The foreign direct investment data came from the National Bank of Poland. The research results show that since 1990s Germany has been the main trade and investment partner of Poland. It's accession to the European Union has accelerated the Polish-German economic cooperation. One of the most important factors infl uencing this cooperation was participation of Poland and Germany in global value chains.

As shown by the statistics, East Asian countries control COVID-19 better than other countries. Due to that fact, one should pose the following question: what is it caused by? The article analyzes the actions taken to control COVID-19 in Poland and Malaysia - statistics, the time of introducing restrictions, their types and scope, as well as methods of their enforcement. The choice of countries is dictated by a similar number of inhabitants and the number of tests performed. Malaysia is recognized worldwide as one of the top countries managing the pandemic very well. On the other hand, Poland is one of the world's leading countries with the highest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19. The descriptive and comparative analysis allowed the author to draw conclusions on the factors that determine success in controlling COVID-19. On the basis of the conducted research, previous experiences and developed action plans for contagious diseases as well as cultural and social factors are of the greatest importance.

Conducting the regional policy both in the scale of the European Union, as well as domestic requires having the uniform information system about regions. However every state has one's peculiar organizations territorial, in frames which described individuals of the administrative division are functional for. For the purposes of the European Union however a universal system which all members of Bond can become part of is essential. He is this system hierarchical, five levels ranking of statistical NUTS individuals (Nomenklature of Units Territories for Statistics). It is applied in the process of the newsgathering, conducting statistical surveys and making their results available in spatial diameters. In the article analysis of diversifying the development of Polish regions and his influence on the size of raising EU funds were conducted ; Prowadzenie polityki regionalnej zarówno w skali Unii Europejskiej, jak i krajowej wymaga posiadania jednolitego systemu informacji o regionach. Jednak każde państwo posiada swoją specyficzną organizację terytorialną, w ramach której funkcjonują określone jednostki podziału administracyjnego. Na potrzeby Unii Europejskiej niezbędny jest jednak uniwersalny system, w który mogą się wpisać wszyscy członkowie Wspólnoty. Systemem tym jest hierarchiczna, pięciopoziomowa klasyfikacja jednostek statystycznych NUTS (Nomenklature of Terytoria Units for Statistics). Stosuje się ją w procesie gromadzenia informacji, prowadzenia badań statystycznych i udostępniania ich wyników w przekrojach przestrzennych. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę zróżnicowania rozwoju polskich regionów i jego wpływ na wielkość pozyskania funduszy unijnych

This research constitute the continuation processes of the verification of three research hypotheses, which aspire to the role of the social right, and exactly determining entitlements repeatable mechanisms of international reports. In its being a rightness is verifying the following article of the first hypothesis which is stating that the dynamic growth in the economy in the USA is preceding the height of political and military activity of this country, taking place in the international space.So far research was carried out in the temporal space of 1962–2007 years, in this case the temporal space was widened for years 1947–2013. A space was also widened quota, where analysis in this case is operating on the new variable. ; Niniejsze badania stanowią kontynuację procesy weryfikacji trzech hipotez badawczych, które pretendują do roli prawa społecznego, a dokładnie prawa określającego powtarzalne mechanizmy relacji międzynarodowych. Poniższy artykuł w swej istocie weryfikuje słuszność pierwszej hipotezy, która głosi, że dynamiczny wzrost gospodarczy w USA poprzedza wzrost aktywności politycznej i militarnej tego kraju, dokonującej się w przestrzeni międzynarodowej.Badania dotychczas realizowane były w przestrzeni czasowej lat 1962–2007, w tym przypadku przestrzeń czasowa została rozszerzona na lata 1947–2013. Rozszerzona została również przestrzeń wskaźnikowa, gdzie analiza w tym wypadku operuje na nowej zmiennej.

The pandemic is an accelerator of economic, technological and social changes. Despite pessimistic forecasts, Poland went unscathed by the pandemic crisis, which is the general conclusion of the article. This is evidenced both by economic data and market statistics. The first part of the article focuses on the economic background of the changes. The second one diagnoses the state of the Polish labor market, which is the main subject of the article. In the following sections author analyses the social consequences of the crisis, and on this basis, draws conclusions about the prospects of the Polish labor market after the pandemic.

The article focuses on the functions, types, transfer rules and principles of granting of subsidies and specific grants from the state budget to local government units in Poland, however, it also contains international references. The author indicates the key issue related to the use of transfer revenues in financing local government units. Special attention is given to the analysis and assessment of importance and the change in the share of transfer revenues for municipalities, cities with powiat status, powiats and voivodeships for creating their budgetary revenues in 2010–2020. The research was based on data obtained from the database of Statistics Poland.