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Effective corporate governance is a key element in achieving long-term success for any company. The codes of conduct that corporate governance adopts directly determine the sustainability of business activities. With this in mind, this paper aims to demonstrate the results of research that identifies a set of key indicators of corporate governance performance. The presented research is quantitative. In order to identify key performance indicators, factor analysis was employed. It was found that corporate governance performance is influenced by two factors. For the first factor, the relationship between corporate governance and stakeholders is measured by key indicators: percentage of women within CG, contributions to political parties, politicians and related institutions and number of complaints received from stakeholders. The second factor, strategy & compliance, is generated from the following: percentage of strategic objectives met and total number of sanctions for breaching the law. This research aims to assist both academic and corporate practitioners who want to improve corporate governance performance and, through the use of key performance indicators, support the transparency and sustainability of their business.

Eine räumlich ungleiche Verteilung von Kosten und Nutzen einer Gewerbeansiedelung ist immer wieder zu beobachten. Am Beispiel der Ansiedelung eines Ikea-Möbelhauses im Münchener Süden wird ein solcher Fall genauer analysiert. Während bei standardmäßig durchgeführten Studien dabei Fragen der institutionellen Kongruenz und mögliche Kompensationen besondere Beachtung finden, werden diese Aspekte zwar im vorliegenden Beitrag gleichfalls behandelt. Im Vordergrund steht jedoch eine Erweiterung der Analyse, die auf das Maß an Blockadeanfälligkeit abhebt, das mit den unterschiedlichen Antworten auf die ungleiche Verteilung von Kosten und Nutzen einhergeht. Um diese wichtige Perspektive auf kommunale Kooperationsprozesse in die systematische Analyse einbeziehen zu können, wird auf das entsprechende Potenzial der Governance-Analyse zurückgegriffen. Ziel des Papieres ist es gleichfalls, die Leistungsfähigkeit der Governance-Analyse abzuschätzen und zu ihrer weiteren Entwicklung beizutragen. ; Costs and benefits of a commercial siting are often spatially unequally distributed. This is analysed in a case study on the settling of an Ikea-furniture store in the south of Munich. Often, case studies focus on perfect mapping and compensation payments, this paper tries to broaden the perspective while taking these issues into account as well. Hence, different answers to the problem of unequal distribution are scrutinized with regard to their undesirable potential of creating decision deadlock. The governance-analysis is used as a method to analyse this aspect of local cooperation processes. Moreover, the article aims at a critical assessment of the analytical capabilities of the governance-analysis in order to contribute to its further development.

Since the reform and development, great changes have occurred in the rural community, but the rural community development is still seriously lagging behind the urban community, which requires us to integrate urban and rural resources, talent, capital and other elements to achieve the development of rural areas. This article uses the literature research, comparative study and other methods, with the social capital theory, public governance theory, grassroots democracy theory as the foundation, trying to put forward constructive suggestions for the current situation of rural community governance in our country, to build a new model of rural community governance.

The article deals with one of the most significant issues concerning the functioning of the public sector in the European Union. The objectives of good governance were formulated by the EU itself and also the Scholars in reaction to the discussion that started a decade ago and concerned the role of the government in 21st century, the future of integration processes and globalization challenges in Europe. Currently, the concept of good governance is mainly associated with the improvement of management of public policies in the European Union, concerning both domestic and EU policies. However, it goes beyond the issues of state capacity and effectiveness of management. Good governance relates also to societal participation in the public administration and verification of decisions made in public authorities' (including public administration). Indirectly, the concept and practice of good governance are connected to societal legitimisation of public bodies in the European Union.

The article deals with one of the most significant issues concerning the functioning of the public sector in the European Union. The objectives of good governance were formulated by the EU itself and also the Scholars in reaction to the discussion that started a decade ago and concerned the role of the government in 21st century, the future of integration processes and globalization challenges in Europe. Currently, the concept of good governance is mainly associated with the improvement of management of public policies in the European Union, concerning both domestic and EU policies. However, it goes beyond the issues of state capacity and effectiveness of management. Good governance relates also to societal participation in the public administration and verification of decisions made in public authorities' (including public administration). Indirectly, the concept and practice of good governance are connected to societal legitimisation of public bodies in the European Union.

Nigeria has achieved remarkable milestones in its development over the last decade. The country has enjoyed sustained economic growth, averaging 6 percent gross domestic product (GDP) growth since 2004, and has outperformed the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regional average growth rate of 4 percent for much of that period. The main objective of this economic and sector work (ESW) is to support the government reform agenda in the education sector by providing analytical input in the areas of governance, and finance to enable the sector to address its key issues. The report focuses on two of the most salient education challenges highlighted in the first policy note; equity and quality of basic education, and investigates the root causes of these two key challenges utilizing a problem driven approach within the governance, and finance framework. The report provides a holistic approach to the analysis by considering all facets influencing service delivery. Section one gives introduction. Sections two and three provide a brief overview of the country context in terms of its macro-economy, political economy, and education sector in Nigeria. Section four provides the legal, institutional, and accountability framework pertaining to the basic education governance system. Section five provides an overview of the education sector finance, and the political economy of resources allocation. Section six focuses on the two key education challenges, equity and quality of education, and provides a problem-driven approach to analyze the issues in the context of governance, accountability, and finance. The main conclusions and policy recommendations are provided at the end of each sub-section of the analysis.

We ask what it would mean to take seriously the possibility of multiple water ontologies, and what the implications of this would be for water governance in theory and practice. We contribute to a growing body of literature that is reformulating understanding of human– water relations and refocusing on the fundamental question of what water 'is'. Interrogating the political–ontological 'problem space' of water governance, we explore a series of ontological disjunctures that persist. Rather than seeking to characterize any individual ontology, we focus on the limitations of silencing diverse ontologies, and on the potential of embracing ontological plurality in water governance. Exploring these ideas in relation to examples from the Canadian province of British Columbia, we develop the notion of ontological conjunctures, which is based on networked dialogue among multiple water ontologies and which points to forms of water governance that begin to embrace such a dialogue. We highlight water as siwlkw and the processual concept of En'owkin as examples of this approach, emphasizing the significance of cross-pollinating scholarship across debates on water and multiple ontologies. ; Science, Faculty of ; Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for ; Reviewed ; Faculty ; Postdoctoral ; Graduate

Conventional management approaches, focused primarily on stock status and top-down driven regulatory measures, such as are employed in many commercial fisheries across the globe, have proven to be inadequate in managing small-scale fisheries and have contributed to marginalisation of this sector. In South Africa, small-scale fisheries have been increasingly recognised since the abolishment of Apartheid and the advent of democracy in 1994. Nevertheless, the management approaches implemented have been largely top-down, natural science-driven and single-species approach. South Africa's fishery sector is currently going through a historic moment where all small-scale fishers are awaiting implementation of a new Small-Scale Fisheries Policy that will see it endorsing the holistic, multi-species and people-centred approach and the recognition of local and indigenous knowledge of fisheries and addressing the complex socio-economic needs of the fishers. However, in order to implement this policy using a co-management and EAF approach, Government and fishing communities will need to set up the required information-gathering and monitoring tool that would be in line with the principles and objectives of the South African Small-Scale Fisheries Policy as careful assessment of social and economic outcomes of fisheries policies is required to support and sustain livelihoods of these fishers. A proper information management system (IMS) would further ensure that the new approaches to small-scale fisheries management are practical and effective in managing this sector. In investigating the small-scale fisheries information management system, the researcher conceptualised and designed an IMS and further conducted case studies by analysing and work-shopping results of analysed catch data recorded by an independent service provider to Doringbaai small-scale fishers, and analysed catch data of East Coast Rock Lobster in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Based on the results of the conceptualised and designed IMS and that of the analysed catch data, it is clear that there is a need for the IMS to be converted into a web-based system and further accommodate more indicators that would assist in equipping fishers and fisheries authorities with relevant decision-making. It is also clear that there is a need for an urgent overhaul in how catch data is gathered and packaged as there were numerous errors in the data that could affect how small-scale fisheries should be managed. One of the interventions urgently needed is implementation of an electronic data capturing and instant synchronisation of data into the IMS which would present live data through a web interface customised per user type. Such tool would improve the current management measures and further contribute to improving governance of small-scale fisheries when the Small-Scale Fisheries Policy is implemented.

Validity, integrity, and impacts of the IT systems of the US federal courts have been studied as part of the Human Rights Alert-NGO (HRA) submission for the 2015 Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of human rights in the United States by the Human Rights Council (HRC) of the United Nations (UN). The current report includes overview of IT system analysis, data-mining and case studies. System analysis and data-mining show: Development and implementation with no lawful authority, servers of unverified identity, invalidity in implementation of electronic signatures, authentication instruments and procedures, authorities and permissions; discrimination in access against the public and unrepresented (pro se) parties and in favor of attorneys; widespread publication of invalid judicial records and dockets, leading to their false representation and false enforcement. A series of case studies documents the impacts on individuals' human rights, on banking regulation, and on international matters. Significance is discussed in the context of various media and expert reports, which opine unprecedented corruption of the US justice system today, and which question, whether the US Constitution was in fact suspended. Similar findings were previously reported in IT systems of the State of California and the State of Israel, which were incorporated, subject to professional HRC staff review, into the UN UPR reports (2010 and 2013). Solutions are proposed, based on the principles of publicity of the law and the separation of power: Reliance on US IT and legal experts under accountability to the legislative branch, enhancing transparency, ongoing vigilance by human rights and internet activists. IT experts should assume more prominent civic duties in the safeguard of civil society in our era.

The functions and powers of local self-governance are broadly discussed at all levels of government institutions, non-governmental organizations and communities. There is an expressed position that local communities and their local self-governing institutions should be given the power of subsidiary decision making in locally specific issues. However, year after year, the unanimous attitude is suppressed by financial and fiscal dependence upon the central government, unreasonably large territorial units with high population density. These circumstances limit down the decision-making and, moreover, the implementation of the decisions. From this point of view, the financial and fiscal powers of local self-governing institutions and, consequently, the decision-making strata are significantly different from those in other Baltic and Central European countries, as well as Scandinavian states. This article deals with the analysis of local self-governing administration in terms of its fiscal and financial empowerment, the size of the local communities and its impact on decision-making. A comparison is drawn with Scandinavian, central European and Baltic countries. ; Lietuvos vietos savivaldos funkcionavimo bei jos galių klausimu daug diskutuojama įvairių lygių valdžios institucijose, visuomeninėse organizacijose, bendruomenėse. Vieningai pritariama, jog būtina suteikti didesnes galias pačioms bendruomenėms bei jų išrinktoms vietos valdžios institucijoms spręsti tas problemas, kurias jos geriausiai išmano (subsidiarumas). Deja, metai iš metų, kalbant apie vietos savivaldos galių didinimą, nesikeičia vietos savivaldos finansinė ir fiskalinė priklausomybė nuo centrinės valdžios, lieka nepagrįstai dideli savivaldybių teritorijos dydžiai (gyventojų kiekis). Tai lemia ribotas sprendimų priėmimo galimybes, jau priimtų sprendimų įgyvendinimą. Lietuvos vietos savivaldos finansinis ir fiskalinis savarankiškumas bei iš to sekanti sprendimų priėmimo galimybė gerokai skiriasi nuo kitų Baltijos bei Vidurio Europos ir Skandinavijos valstybių. Šis straipsnis skirtas mūsų valstybės vietos savivaldos fiskalinio bei finansinio savarankiškumo bei savivaldybių dydžių palyginti su Skandinavijos, Vidurio Europos ir Baltijos valstybėmis nulemtai sprendimų priėmimo galių analizei.

The role of corporate and securities laws in addressing foreign corrupt business practices have, to date, received limited consideration. Departing from the substantial literature on the criminal and public law response to international corruption, the authors analyze Canada's Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act in comparison with British and American legislation and conclude that the Canadian regime relies too heavily on the use of criminal sanctions and fails to contemplate the role of behaviour modification in its legislative structure. Recognizing that multinational corporations are well placed to identify, expose, and prevent corrupt business practices, the authors propose a private law-based solution that builds upon the existing corporate governance frameworks of multinational corporations to curtail corruption. Corporate law directors' duties and securities law disclosure requirements provide legislators with complimentary tools to incentivize the development of internal control mechanisms and facilitate civil claims against corrupt companies.

In recent years, good governance has been established as an overarching concept for the struggle against corruption and abuse of power in both international sports organizations and the hosting of major championships. Still, in Sweden, the concept is to a large extent unknown. This can partly be explained by the fact that Swedish sport is weakly represented in international sports organizations, and rarely hosts major sporting events. Further, a strong popular movement tradition and limited commercialization have fostered a notion that Swedish sport has been spared from such economic and democratic problems. However, a new study regarding economy and ethics in local sport clubs indicates the occurrence of financial irregularities and the need for increased awareness of the principles of good governance. Method The study was conducted by The Swedish National Centre for Research in Sports (CIF) and United Minds as part of CIF's assignment to monitor government support to sport. A web-based questionnaire concerning financial management and ethics was sent to the treasurers of all local sports clubs within The Swedish Confederation of Sports. 5480 treasurers responded, repre- senting a response rate of 34 percent. A non-response analysis showed that the questionnaire replies were evenly distributed across the country and that all sports were represented. Results The treasurer's description of Swedish sports confirms the picture of a non-profit movement with low degree of professionalization and commercialisation. A majority of the sports clubs are small (fewer than 200 mem- bers) and primarily engaged in youth sports. Their turnover is low and member fees are their main source of revenue. Only three out of ten clubs have employees and a majority of the cashiers lack professional experience in the areas of finance and accounting. According to the cashiers, economic irregularities are common among Swedish sports clubs. Most common are unaware irregularities, caused by carelessness, ignorance or stress. But one out of ...

In social entrepreneurship, social innovation and human economy coexist with democratic governance and volunteerism in the development of new initiatives and responses to wicked welfare problems. Volunteerism in social entrepreneurship takes up a prominent position, leading to the birth of new organisational hybrid formats: social enterprises. Drawing upon a single case study of 'the Bridge', a typical Danish work integration social enterprise (WISE), it is shown how social enterprises act as 'strong learning arenas', opting for a number of high-profile and 'popular' objectives: to train and empower marginal citizens, to create sustainable enterprises in a new economy, to strengthen the local community, to renew welfare services and labour strategies, and to develop social enterprise and business models. Adding to these objectives we can include democracy and participation, and positioning the voluntary sector and the volunteers as vital agents in this development. The case analysis illustrates that these many objectives are quite demanding, yet also within reach; however, sufficient financial, organisational and managerial mechanisms are paramount. ; In social entrepreneurship, social innovation and human economy coexist with democratic governance and volunteerism in the development of new initiatives and responses to wicked welfare problems. Volunteerism in social entrepreneurship takes up a prominent position, leading to the birth of new organisational hybrid formats: social enterprises. Drawing upon a single case study of 'the Bridge', a typical Danish work integration social enterprise (WISE), it is shown how social enterprises act as 'strong learning arenas', opting for a number of high-profile and 'popular' objectives: to train and empower marginal citizens, to create sustainable enterprises in a new economy, to strengthen the local community, to renew welfare services and labour strategies, and to develop social enterprise and business models. Adding to these objectives we can include democracy and participation, and positioning the voluntary sector and the volunteers as vital agents in this development. The case analysis illustrates that these many objectives are quite demanding, yet also within reach; however, sufficient financial, organisational and managerial mechanisms are paramount.