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Legalism or legal formalism usually depicts judges as resolving cases by allegedly merely applying pre-existing legal rules. They do not seem to legislate, exercise discretion, balance or pursue policies, and they definitely do not look outside of conventional legal texts for guidance in deciding new cases. For them, the law is an autonomous domain of knowledge and technique. What they follow are the maxims of clarity, determinacy, and coherence of law. This perception of law and adjudication is sometimes designated as "an orthodox lawyering". However, at least in certain cases, it is very difficult to say that legalism is not an inappropriate theory or a method of legal interpretation. Different theories have attested that legal interpretation is much more than just legalism, which appears to be far too naïve. In the framework of modern legal interpretation, the following questions can be raised. Is it possible to integrate legalism in a coherent theory of legal interpretation? Is legalism as a distinctive theory of legal interpretation still a feasible theory of interpretation? How can such a formalist approach withstand a critique from Dworkinian moral interpretivism or accusations of being a myth, masking political preferences from legal realists? These and many other issues about legal interpretation are discussed in this book by prominent legal philosophers and legal theorists.

Chapter One. Introduction: Social Justice and Legal Education / Chris Ashford and Paul McKeown -- Chapter Two. Teaching Access to Justice: Cause Lawyering and Strategic Litigation in a Clinical Context / Jacqueline Kingham -- Chapter Three. Teaching Law: The Legal Clinic, the University and Social Justice / Anna Cody and Frances Gibson -- Chapter Four. It's More than the Site: Supporting Social Justice Through Student Supervision Practices / Jeff Giddings -- Chapter Five. Ethical Engagement, Embedded Reflection, and Mutual Empowerment in the Clinical Process / Philip Drake, Natasha Taylor and Stuart Toddington -- Chapter Six. Can Social Justice Values be Taught through Clinical Legal Education? / Paul McKeown -- Chapter Seven. The Birmingham Pro Bono Group: A Case Study of Social Justice in Legal Education / Bharat Malkani and Linden Thomas -- Chapter Eight. Law in the Community and Access to Justice: Linking Theory and Practice / Lucy Yeatman -- Chapter Nine. Innocence Projects: Losing their Appeal? / Holly Greenwood -- Chapter Ten. Taking Care of Business: Challenging the Traditional Conceptualization of Social Justice in Clinical Legal Education / Elaine Campbell -- Chapter Eleven. Catalysts for Change in Legal Education: Why "Alternative Business Structures" Provide a Model for the Future of Legal Education / Sue Prince -- Chapter Twelve. The Chimera of Access to Justice and the Search for Alternatives / Sue Farran -- Chapter Thirteen. Legal Clinics and Social Justice in Post-Communist Countries / Maxim Tomoszek -- Chapter Fourteen. Law Clinic for All: The Key to Attainment of Socio-Economic Justice in Nigeria / Olusegun Michael Osinibi -- Chapter Fifteen. Experimental Learning, Legal Schools and a Social Mission: Whose Justice, What Justice? / Richard Grimes -- Chapter Sixteen. Educating the Next Generations of LGBTQ Social Justice Attorneys / Ruthann Robson -- Chapter Seventeen. The Rise and Fall of Social Justice Within Clinical Legal Education / Victoria Murray -- Chapter Eighteen. Social Justice: Education for Sustainable Development in Law Schools / Jessica Guth -- Notes on Contributors.

Cover; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1 Productivity Distribution: Theories and Models of Study; Chapter 2 Model Selection and Background Analysis for Optimal Productivity Distribution; Chapter 3 Agricultural Distribution; Chapter 4 Industry Distribution; Chapter 5 Metallurgical Industry Distribution; Notes; Index

Preface -- Part I: Traditions in Contemporary Tourism : Chapter One. Tourism Policy, Planning and Management in Central and Eastern Europe / Maria Vodenska -- Chapter Two. Cultural Event Marketing / Svetla Rakadziyska and Krassimira Yancheva -- Chapter Three. Online Behavioral Patterns of Tourists in Bulgaria / Zhelyu Vladimirov and Sonia Mileva -- Chapter Four. Intercultural Communication Training as a Factor for Improving the Service Quality in Tourism / Stoyan Marinov and Galina Ilieva -- Chapter Five. An Integrated Approach to Intercultural Communication in the Education of Tourism Professionals / Ginka Dimitrova and Svetla Nedeva -- Chapter Six. Health Tourism Development--Specifics of Croatian Health/Spas/Healing Resorts and Special Hospitals: State and Possibilities / Milena Peršić and Dubravka Vlašić -- Chapter Seven. Psychological and Psychographic Profiles of Spa and Wellness Tourists in Bulgaria / Milena Stoyanova -- Chapter Eight. Generation Y's Behavior Towards Hotel's Sustainable Practices: A Study in Jakarta, Indonesia / Novita Permatasari and Marija Lazarev Zivanovic -- Chapter Nine. Problems Faces in the Development Process of Tourism in Turkey: The Case of Antalya / Yakin Ekin and Onur Akbulut -- Chapter Ten. Festival Visitor Experience: The Masquerade Games in Pernik / Ilinka Terziyska -- Chapter Eleven. Current State and Problems of Cave Tourism in Bulgaria / Dilyana Stefanova and Petar Stefanov -- Part II: Innovations in Contemporary Tourism : Chapter One. Adoption of Robots, Artifical Intelligence and Service Automation by Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Companies: A Cost-Benefit Analysis / Stanislav Ivanov and Craig Webster -- Chapter Two. The Impact of Technological Innovations on Hospitality Service / Velina Kazandjieva, Galina Ilieva and Hristina Filipova -- Chapter Three. Low Cost Carriers' Growth: Market-or Subsidies-Driven? / Maya Ivanova -- Chapter Four. Cultural Ecosystem Services of the Urban Landscapes of Bulgaria / Mariana Assenova, Stoyan Nedkov and Assen Assenov -- Chapter Five. Assessment and Mapping of Aesthetic Ecosystem Services in the City of Varna, Bulgaria / Mariyana Nikolova, Stoyan Nedkov and Margita Kiryakova -- Chapter Six. Branding of Creative Tourism in Shared Spaces / Rumen Draganov -- Chapter Seven. Sofia City as a Tourist Destination: Recent Trends and Development Drivers / Elka Dogramadjieva, Vera Nikolova and Radenka Mitova -- Chapter Eight. Literary Sites and Literary Tourism in some European Countries and in Portugal: Some Reflections / Isilda Leitãp -- Chapter Nine. Challenges of Teaching about Tourism Potential of the Yugoslav Period in Slovenia: The Case of Velenje / Marco Gams -- Chapter Ten. Understanding Tourism Innovation through Fuzzy Measures / Marcella De Filippo, Delio Colangelo and Luca Farnia.

Part I:Anthropology and medicine.Chapter One.Introductory considerations ;Chapter Two.Images and concepts of the human ;Chapter Three.Anthropology ;Chapter Four.Trancendental anthropological conditions ;Chapter Five.Medicine: practice and science ;Chapter Six.Medical anthropology --Part II:On Ageing.Chapter Seven.Phenomenology of ageing ;Chapter Eight.Anthropology of ageing ;Chapter Nine.Social approach to ageing ;Chapter Ten.Medicine and ageing ;Chapter Eleven.Biomedicine and anthropology of ageing ;Chapter Twelve.Conclusion.

4.1 Study Site: Beijing4.2 Measures; 4.3 Sampling Strategy; Chapter Five; 5.1 Recruiting Interviewers; 5.2 Diminished Interviewer Bias; 5.3 Fieldwork; 5.4 Data Analysis Strategy; Chapter Six; 6.1 Reliability of Scales in the Main Study; 6.2 Personal Factors; 6.3 Environmental Variables; 6.4 Descriptive Statistics of P-E Fit; 6.5 Descriptive Statistics of Dependent Variables; 6.6 Correlation Statistics; Chapter Seven; 7.1 Hypothesis Testing of Set 1; 7.2 Hypothesis Testing of Set 2; 7.3 Hypothesis Testing of Set 3; Summary; Chapter Eight

Intro; Table of Contents; Introduction; Part 1: Literary Representations of Gender; "All in Her Head"; Scandinavian Models for Female Emancipation in Britain; Gender Representation in a Report to an Academy and Its Adaptations; Part 2: Gender Equality and Violence against Women; Tears No More? Gender Violence in Juarez City; Securitization, Women's Reproductive Rights, and Gender Equality in Japan; Part 3: Gender and Communication; The Universality and Variety of the Women Are Animals Conceptual Metaphor Across European Languages; 'I Don't like Women'; Matka Polka and D'evka-Branka

From a Traditionalist perspective, the cultural history of the Modern Era amounts to the genesis of the Dark Age. The Traditionalist meta-historical narrative deconstructs the modernist myth of "historic progress" as an anti-intellectual superstition. It exposes the quintessential features of Modernity--namely, secular nihilism, historical materialism, socio-political egalitarianism, and collective narcissism--as structural inversions of Traditional values. The historic accumulation of these inversions set the stage for a final showdown between Tradition and Modernity. In terms of ancient prophecy and Traditionalist philosophy, the Great War represents the apocalyptic sunset of the world of Tradition. This work follows the forgotten path of the philosophia perennis to trace the historic onset of the Dark Age. It clears away a century-deep deposit of "progressive" illusions and "politically-correct" axioms. The restored road of Traditional thought will lead a new generation of scholars to their rightful inheritance: an intellectual tabula rasa on which history can be written anew--back cover

13 Altered Countrysides: Paul Nash, David Jones and Eric Ravilious in Wartime14 Eden in Sussex: Atheist Moderns and the Berwick Church Murals; 15 Rural Modernity in a Time of Crisis: Preservation and Reform in the Books of B.T. Batsford; Notes on Contributors; Bibliography; Index; Bookmark 2.

A must-read for professionals and advocates of historic preservation who are concerned about preservation's future, this volume is a compendium of powerful essays by thought leaders in the field first presented in 2016 as part of the fiftieth anniversary observation of the US National Historic Preservation Act. Once primarily the concern of historians, antiquarians, and historic architects in the last century, today historic preservation is a popular public movement, a critical component of local land-use ordinances, a regional economic driver, and a significant contributor to the nation's cul

Crusade and Jihad is the first book to encompass, in one volume, the entire history of the catastrophic encounter between the Global North - China, Russia, Europe, Britain, and America - and Muslim societies from Central Asia to West Africa. William R. Polk draws on more than half a century of experience as a historian, policy planner, diplomat, peace negotiator, and businessman to explain the deep hostilities between the Muslim world and the Global North and show how they grew over the centuries. Polk shows how Islam arose and spread across North Africa into Europe, climaxed in the vibrant and sophisticated caliphate of al-Andalus in medieval Spain, and was the bright light in a European Dark Age. Simultaneously, Islam spread from the Middle East into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. But following the Mongol invasions, Islamic civilization entered a decline while Europe began its overseas expansion. Portuguese buccaneers dominated the Indian Ocean; the Dutch and the English established powerful corporations that turned India and Indonesia into colonies; Russian armies pushed down the Volga into Central Asia, destroying its city-states; and the Chinese Qing dynasty slaughtered an entire Central Asian people. Britain crushed local industry and drained off wealth throughout its vast colonies. Defeated at every turn, Muslims tried adopting Western dress, organizing Western-style armies, and embracing Western ideas. None of these efforts stopped the conquest. For Europe and Russia, the nineteenth century was an age of colonial expansion, but for the Muslim world it was an age of brutal and humiliating defeat. Millions were driven from their homes, starved, or killed, and their culture and religion came under a century-long assault. In the twentieth century, brutalized and disorganized native societies, even after winning independence, fell victim to "post-imperial malaise," typified by native tyrannies, corruption, and massive poetry. The result was a furious blowback. A sobering, scrupulous, and frank account of imperialism, colonialism, insurgency, and terrorism, Crusade and Jihad is history for anyone who wishes to understand the civilizational conflicts of today's world. -- from dust jacket

Intro; Contents; Entering "The Field"; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1 Why B-drinking Works; 2 B-girls in Public Discourses; 3 Finding B-girls in the Ideoscape; 4 The Cultural Geography of Power and B-drinking in the 1990s; 5 Understanding the Perspectives of B-girls at the Turn of the Century; 6 Dangers; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index; About the Author