TO THE QUESTION OF THE NECESSITY OF ESTABLISHING THE TIME OF ESTABLISHING THE UKRAINIAN STATE: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS ; ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЧАСУ ЗАСНУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ: ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ

Abstract

The article substantiates the necessity of establishing the time of the establishment of the Ukrainian state, the historical and legal analysis of the formation and development of early state formations in the territory of Ukraine, as well as the most important preconditions for the formation of the early Ukrainian princely state – Ukraine-Rus.It is noted that the princely state of Ukraine-Rus as a mighty early Ukrainian state of the XI–XII centuries. occupies an important place in the centuries-old history of national state-building. For her characterized by a high level of organization of government, troops, highly developed law. Posing a special geopolitical place, Ukraine-Rus successfully contacted Byzantium, Khazars and other peoples and states. Specific features of the state were high legal culture, written right, democratic social relations, tolerance to the faithful and high enough tolerance in relations with neighboring nations at that time.Much attention is paid to the scientific evidence that 838 is the first written mention and at the same time it can be considered the official date of the founding of the Kiev state of Ukraine-Rus, in fact, the Ukrainian state is: the princely state of Ukraine Ukraine-Rus had its own territory, which was the present Ukrainian lands and the name of what is mentioned in the Chronicle, interstate agreements – «our land began to be called Ruska». Recognition of the territory and the name of the country can be interpreted as the beginning of political identification and, accordingly, one of the important signs of the existence of the state. The formation of the state has gone a long way to its evolution. Its main stages were the identification of the first state (state education) in the name of the ruling tribe, then use to use the word «nation" (people) to indicate the name of the state, the words «earth», «power», etc., and in new times – the word «nation»; Kyiv princely state Ukraine-Rus had a developed system of state authorities. Creation of Kievan Rus marked the creation of a strong country, which had to be considered Byzantium for a long time. In order to carry out a military campaign against Byzantium, the Kievan state had to achieve a significant level of development, especially of a state organization, military power and to have an appropriate international recognition. According to Byzantine sources, at that time, the first, so-called Photia, the baptism of Rus was held. And for such baptism a functioning state power was required; in the Kyiv princely state of Ukraine-Russia the right was formed as an important regulator of social relations, the most important sources of which were: first customary law, princely statutes and lessons, and subsequently Ruska Pravda and others; in the «Tale of the Past Years» it is noted that it was with the year 852 that his own chronology was begun and written records of major state events in Kyivan Rus were recorded in years. Thus, the analyzed historical sources give us reason to believe that, as of 838, there was already a highly developed, as for that time, the early Ukrainian state – Ukraine-Rus. 838 can be considered the beginning of the historical reference period of Ukrainian statehood. With over 1180 years of history, the Ukrainian state is one of the oldest countries in Europe. ; Обґрунтовано необхідність встановлення часу заснування української держави, проведено історико-правовий аналіз становлення та розвитку ранніх державних утворень на території України, а також найважливіші передумови утворення ранньої української княжої держави – України-Русі.Зазначено, що княжа держава Україна-Русь як велика могутня рання українська держава XI–XII століть посідає важливе місце у багатовіковій історії національного держа­вотворення. Для неї характерний високий рівень організованості органів управління, війська, високо розвинутого права. Посідаючи особливе геополітичне місце, Україна-Русь успішно контактувала з Візантією, хозарами та іншими народами і державами. Специфіч­ними рисами держави були висока правова культура, писане право, демократичність сус­пільних відносин, терпимість до іновірців і достатньо висока, як на той час, толерантність у взаєминах із сусідніми народами.Значну увагу зосереджено на обґрунтуванні часу заснування Української держави, яка веде свій офіційний відлік з 838 року – однієї з перших письмових згадок у історичних джерелах. Особливу увагу приділено характеристиці періодів українських державотворчих процесів.