DEMOCRACY AND THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE INDIVIDUAL: ORGANICISM AND CORPORATISM ; LA DEMOCRACIA Y EL REPLIEGUE DEL INDIVIDUO: ORGANICISMO Y CORPORATIVISMO

Abstract

The Restoration crisis coincided with a time of profound transformation of the central political tenets of the liberal parliamentary system. Theorists sought new groundings for a central theme: political representation. What was understood by people or nation? What were the voices that should be heard at the time of forming the state's will? What procedures should be adopted? These were some of the issues that were under review and that concerned publishers and scholars. This paper follows up what was advocated by various political currents, from the so-called Spanish traditionalist current, through the school of social Catholicism to the progressive arm of the Spanish Krausism. The purpose is to verify how generic organicist ideas that emerged in a general movement of reflux of individualism, put in front of the social question, eventually facilitated the arrival in the twenties to authoritarian or totalitarian corporatist solutions. ; La crisis de la Restauración coincidió con una época de profunda transformación de los principios básicos del parlamentarismo. Los teóricos buscaron nuevas bases para un tema central del mismo: la representación política. ¿Cómo se entendía la representación? ¿Quiénes debían ser capaces de participar en la conformación de las Cortes? ¿Qué procedimientos debían ser adoptados? Éstas eran algunas de las cuestiones planteadas entonces entre los especialistas, políticos y publicistas. Esto fue abordado desde diferentes ángulos y con diferentes respuestas por varias corrientes políticas, desde las tradicionalistas, el catolicismo social y al movimiento liberal reformista de los krausistas. El objetivo es verificar cómo las ideas organicistas emergieron durante el reflujo general del individualismo, puesto de frente a la cuestión social, y que también sirvió para la llegada en los años veinte de las soluciones corporativas autoritarias y totalitarias.The Restoration crisis coincided with a time of profound transformation of the central political tenets of the liberal parliamentary system. Theorists sought new groundings for a central theme: political representation. What was understood by people or nation? What were the voices that should be heard at the time of forming the state's will? What procedures should be adopted? These were some of the issues that were under review and that concerned publishers and scholars. This paper follows up what was advocated by various political currents, from the so-called Spanish traditionalist current, through the school of social Catholicism to the progressive arm of the Spanish Krausism. The purpose is to verify how generic organicist ideas that emerged in a general movement of reflux of individualism, put in front of the social question, eventually facilitated the arrival in the twenties to authoritarian or totalitarian corporatist solutions.