Open Access BASE2014

Očuvanje zaposlenosti putem radničkog samoupravljanja - slučaj oporavljenih preduzeća u Argentini ; Mantenimiento del Empleo a Través de la Autogestión Obrera: El Caso de las Empresas Recuperadas en Argentina ; Keeping on employment through workers' self- management: The case of the Argentinian Empresas recuperadas

Abstract

Produbljivanje ekonomske krize u Argentini krajem 90-ih i početkom 2000-ih uz drastičan pad nacionalnog dohotka, visoke stope inflacije, masovnu nezaposlenost stanovništva pratila je pojava preduzeća koja su oporavili njihovi radnici (špan. Empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores - ERT), firmi preuzetih u stečajnom postupku od strane radnika organizovanih na principima samoupravljanja i u pravnoj formi kooperativa. Njihova pojava, međutim, bila je uslovljena i određenim istorijski uspostavljenim obrascima, poput tradicionalnog državnog intervencionizma, dugoročnog postojanja sindikalnih organizacija, duboke ukorenjenosti radničkih borbi, razvijenim oblicima kooperativizma i sl. Na osnovu rezultata poslednjeg istraživanja, u Argentini danas postoji više od 300 ERT koja zapošljavaju preko 13000 radnika (Ruggeri et al 2014). Osnovni cilj rada je da se ukaže na najznačajnije ekonomske i društvene pretpostavke pojave ERT tokom poslednje dve decenije. Pored toga, ovde se nastoji da se na osnovu rezultata istraživanja ERT koja su realizovana u poslednjih deset godina i istorijske analize normativno-institucionalnog okvira ukaže na način na koji su zakonski i institucionalni okvir uslovili oblike i domete razvijenosti ERT. ; The phenomenon of ERTs in Argentina (Empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores) gains popularity from the financial crisis years of 1999-2002. The resulting drastic fall in gross national product, high rates of inflation, increased levels of unemployment, poverty etc., reflected the severe weaknesses and limitations of the neoliberal institutions in Argentina. This phenomenon was also determined by specific historical patterns, such as the state interventionism, a long tradition of trade unionism and workers' struggles as well as a long and extensive tradicion of cooperativism. According to the latest survey, there are more than 300 ERT in Argentina (311), employing over 13.000 workers. (Ruggeri et al 2014). The survey results show that 95% of the ERT are self-organized under the organizational and legal framework of workers' cooperatives. The main objective of this paper is to provide a political economic and social overview of the rise and establishment of ERTs in Argentina over the past two decades. Moreover, the legal and institutional preconditions that significantly encourage, limit, and condition the scope of workers' cooperatives, will be analyzed. In this analysis we will rely on the results of research on ERT that have been done in last 10 years, as well as on historical analysis of legal and institutional framework.

Verlag

Sociološko udruženje Srbije i Crne Gore, Beograd i Univerzitet u Beogradu - Filozofski fakultet - Institut za sociološka istraživanja, Beograd

DOI

10.2298/SOC1403239C

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