The privatization of fraud investigation: internal investigations by fraud examiners

This book discusses privatization of law enforcement in relation to suspected corporate crime and recommends guidelines for successful fraud examinations. There is a growing business for global auditing and local law firms to conduct internal investigations at client organizations when there is suspicion of white-collar misconduct and crime. This book reflects on the work by these private fraud examiners in terms of an evaluation of their investigation reports. The book brings an original theoretical and methodological approach to investigations of white-collar crime. It develops the theory of convenience as an explanation for motive, opportunity and willingness to commit and conceal white-collar crime. This theory is then related to the case studies. Structured in such a way as to allow the reader to use the text as a non-sequential reference source or guide to a set of connected issues, the book illustrates the practice of privatization by cases and presents guidelines for successful fraud examination. As an investigation can lead to conviction and incarceration, this privatization of crime investigation feeds into the larger issue of privatization of policing

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Perspectives on private criminal justice -- Privatizing governmental services -- Private legal enforcement flexibility -- Public criminal justice system -- Private fraud examiners' legitimacy -- Cognitive, normative, and pragmatic -- 2 Theory of white-collar convenience -- Defining white-collar crime -- Seriousness of white-collar crime -- Convenience triangle for white-collar crime -- Economical white-collar motive -- Organizational white-collar opportunity -- Personal white-collar willingness -- 3 Sample of 408 white-collar criminals -- Theoretical criminogenity -- Theoretical interactions -- Convenience hypotheses method -- Convenience hypotheses findings -- Determinants of crime intention -- White-collar sensation seeking -- 4 Case studies of internal investigations -- Accounting fraud at Toshiba Corporation -- Sales practices fraud at Wells Fargo -- Attorney fraud at BP Deepwater Horizon -- Inappropriate accounting at Fuji Xerox -- Shortfall of oil revenues in Nigeria -- Accounting fraud at Olympus Corporation -- 5 Stumbling into action research -- White-collar crime suspicion -- Fraud whistleblowing case -- Internal fraud examinations -- Critical research method -- Action research results -- 6 Guilt neutralization techniques -- Dynamic corporate accounts -- White-collar crime phenomenon -- Content research method -- Content research results -- 7 Excuses and justifications -- Executive deviance in scandals -- Corporate executive sample -- Corporate neutralization techniques -- Corporate executive destiny -- 8 Private law enforcement -- Unique nature of investigations -- Internal fraud examination -- Corporate executive deviance -- Content research method -- Content research results -- 9 White-collar whistleblowing -- Whistleblower retaliation.

Cover; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Introduction; 1 Perspectives on private criminal justice; Privatizing governmental services; Private legal enforcement flexibility; Public criminal justice system; Private fraud examiners' legitimacy; Cognitive, normative, and pragmatic; 2 Theory of white-collar convenience; Defining white-collar crime; Seriousness of white-collar crime; Convenience triangle for white-collar crime; Economical white-collar motive; Organizational white-collar opportunity; Personal white-collar willingness; 3 Sample of 408 white-collar criminals