Fertility, Family, and Social Welfare between France and Empire: The Colonial Politics of Population

In: New Directions in Welfare History

Abstract

This edited volume focuses on social welfare and medicine within the French Empire and brings together important currents in both imperial history and the history of medicine. The book covers a broad period from the 'first colonial empires' that existed prior to 1830, the 'new imperialism' of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the process of decolonisation in the mid-twentieth century, and the 'afterlives' of colonial regimes in France and newly-independent states. Building on recent scholarship, this volume examines the extension of imperialism into the post-colonial period. The chapters examine a range of topics developing our understanding of the reasons why colonial states saw the family as a site for biopolitical intervention. The authors argue that experts built a racialised body of knowledge about colonial populations through census data and medical understandings of problems such as child mortality and infertility. They show that by analysing and compiling data on fertility, population growth (or decline), and health, this fuelled interventions designed to ensure a stable workforce, and that protecting children and mothers, vaccinating vulnerable populations, and creating modern, sanitary housing were all initiatives also aimed at serving larger goals of preserving colonial rule. Finally, the book shows that social welfare projects during the French Empire reflected concerns about race, differential fertility, and migration that continued well after decolonisation

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Fertility, Family, and Social Welfare between France and Empire: The Colonial Politics of Population

In: New Directions in Welfare History

Andersen, Margaret Cook; Byrnes, Melissa K.

Andersen, Margaret Cook; Byrnes, Melissa K.

Abstract

1. Introduction;. Margaret Cook Andersen and Melissa K. Byrnes -- 2. Colonial Reckoning: Population, Power, and Liberty in the French Atlantic, 1660-1787; Robert Scafe and Jennifer J. Davis -- 3. Pensioning Pondicherry's Enfants and Orphelins: Social Welfare and the French East India Company in Eighteenth-century French India; Jakob Burnham -- 4. "Free and Naturalized Frenchwomen": Gender and the Politics of Race on Revolution-Era Bourbon Island; Nathan Marvin -- 5. Lipiodol and Fertility Medicine in Interwar Colonial Algeria; Margaret Cook Andersen -- 6. Rituals of the Matrice: Maternal and Infant Protection in French Colonial Cambodia; Tara Tran -- 7. The Colonial Origins of Mass Prophylaxis as a Public Health Panacea; Aro Velmet -- 8. Categorizing the Maghrib: How Census Data, Demography, and Population Studies Facilitated Governance Strategies and Public Messaging in Colonial and Postcolonial North Africa; Jennifer Johnson -- 9. Modernizing Migrants: Welfare and the Transformation of Marseille's African Communities; Gregory Valdespino -- 10. Criminal Fertility: Policing North African Families after Decolonization; Melissa K Byrnes -- 11. Inessential Labour: Reproduction, work, and Algerian Family Migration after Independence; Elise Franklin. .

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