Suchergebnisse

This article delves into the experiences of Brazilian students studying abroad, examining the factors that drive and hinder this type of international migration. Our analysis emphasises the importance of exchange programmes, transnational connections, and diasporic practices. We contend that the desire to emigrate is fostered by relative underdevelopment, but that international and local factors present structural barriers to realising those aspirations. As a result, individuals must seek alternative avenues, with educational exchanges and student mobility programmes emerging as critical resources. We also explore how ethnic and human capital can facilitate mobility for many Brazilians, enabling them to overcome structural barriers that often require them to navigate multiple nation-states. This study thus contributes to the conversation on the connections between ethnic and human capital on the one hand and multinational, stepwise migrations on the other.

"Intensifying geopolitical rivalries, rising defence spending and the proliferation of the latest military technology across Asia suggest that the region is set for a prolonged period of strategic contestation. None of the three competing visions for the future of Asian order - a US-led 'Free and Open Indo-Pacific', a Chinese-centred order, or the ASEAN-inspired 'Indo-Pacific Outlook' - is likely to prevail in the short to medium term. In the absence of a new framework, the risk of open conflict is heightened, and along with it the need for effective mechanisms to maintain peace and stability. As Asia's leaders seek to rebuild their economies and societies in the wake of COVID-19, they would do well to reflect upon the lessons offered by the pandemic and their applicability in the strategic realm. The societies that have navigated the crisis most effectively have been able to do so by putting in place stringent protective measures. Crisis-management and -avoidance mechanisms - and even, in the longer term, wider arms control - can be seen as the strategic equivalent of such measures, and as such they should be pursued with urgency in Asia to reduce the risks of an even greater calamity."

"How should we, citizens of rich countries, respond to the claims of the many millions of people world-wide who want to immigrate and settle in our societies? Their reasons are often compelling -- they are fleeing mass poverty or political persecution -- but the impact that fully open borders would have on the life of the societies that the immigrants would join is also immense. This books defends democratic states' rights to control their borders, and powerfully criticizes the arguments offered in support of international freedom of movement -- common ownership of the earth, global equality of opportunity, and the human right to immigrate. It explains why states have rights over territory that permit them to exclude outsiders, and why democracies are entitled to decide who they will accept as future citizens. But it also sets out the parameters of a just immigration policy."--Provided by publisher

Aims Harsh edaphic environments harbor species with different soil affinities. Plant's responses to specific edaphic constraints may be compromised against re- sponses to prevalent stresses shared with other semi- arid environments. We expect that species with high edaphic affinity may show traits to overcome harsh soil properties, while species with low affinity may respond to environmental constraints shared with arid environments. Methods We quantified the edaphic affinity of 12 plant species co-occurring in gypsum outcrops and measured traits related to plant responses to specific gypsum con- straints (rooting and water uptake depth, foliar accumu- lation of Ca, S and Mg), and traits related to common constraints of arid environments (water use efficiency, macronutrients foliar content). Results Plants in gypsum outcrops differed in their strategies to face edaphic limitations. A phylogenetic informed PCA segregated species based on their foliar Ca and S accumulation and greater water uptake depths, associated with plant responses to specific gypsum lim- itations. Species' gypsum affinity explained this segre- gation, but traits related to water or nutrient use efficien- cy did not contribute substantially to this axis. Conclusions Plant's specializations to respond to spe- cific edaphic constraints of gypsum soils do not limit their ability to deal with other non-specific environmen- tal constraints ; The author thanks the Yesaires team, es- pecially to Daniel A. Rodríguez Ginart, for making the fieldwork of quantification of species gypsum affinity possible. We thank Dr. Sara Palacio (IPE) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful revisions and comments on the manuscript. RSM was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovations (FPU grant FPU17/00629). JPF was supported by Grupo de Referencia H09_20R (Aragón regional government, Spain). Financial support was provided by the Valencian Regional Government (GV/2016/ 187) and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Univer- sities ...

The article deals with the far right movement foundation process in Georgia, where Europeanization process still takes place. Study aims to determine how European understanding of radical/extreme right meets the Georgian reality in this point of view. Research focus on major and most visible political groups – "Georgian March", "Georgian National Unity", "Anti-liberals" and "Edelweiss". The article tries to formulate the relevant questionnaire to measure the essential features of these movement in the erms of political positions on foreign, domestic, social-ethical, identity policies. Also, it can be examined how the major members of these movements evaluate neo-populist and principle of rule of law. Conclusion includes the comparative analysis and linkages between these political movements.

This volume examines and evaluates the impact of international statebuilding interventions on the political economy of conflict-affected countries over the past 20 years. It focuses on countries that are emerging, or have recently emerged, from periods of war and protracted conflict. The interventions covered fall into three broad categories:international administrations and transformative occupations (East Timor, Iraq, and Kosovo); complex peace operations (Afghanistan, Burundi, Haiti, and Sudan); governance and statebuilding programmes

Empirical studies of territorial conflicts in Italy show the aversion of local movements against left-wing political parties. The closure of political opportunities structure does not explain the emergence of mobilisations, but it shapes the relational field of contention and has consequences on the political polarisation. In the first section I discuss the actuality of the concept of structure for sociological research; the second section is focused on the kind of historicism developed in contextual political analysis; the third section copes with sociological theory centred on opportunities and not only on constraints. The last section introduces the prominence of considering structural parameters of the population to improve the sociology of territorial conflicts, precisely around three main types of variation in a population (heterogeneity, inequality, and consolidation) to study and test hypothesis related to the political effects of social structures.

Research is devoted to theoretical aspects of the definition of «political marketing». We prove that marketing is not only modern means of elections, but «constant technology» policy. It is shown that, on the one hand, the low political activity encourages political parties to resort to political marketing technologies, on the other hand, the resulting marketing approach to electoral number of people who participate in elections constantly decreasing.

This study deals with euphemism in political speech of David Cameron about ISIS attacks. The objectives of the study were to find out the types of euphemsim used in David Cameron"s speech on ISIS attacks and the reason why the most dominant types was choosen. The study was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative method.The data for this study were David Cameron political speech transcript in 20 July 2015, 14 November 2015, 2 December 2015, 5 february 2016. The source of the data was from United Kingdom goverment website . The data were analyzed using the theory of Allan and Burridge (1991). The findings of the study showed that the types of euphemism used in David Camerons political speech about ISIS attacks were: figurative expression (28,8%) ,circomlocution (15,5%), ommision (13,3%), ommision (13,3%) , hyperbole (11,1%), understatement (8,8%) , flippancy (8,8%), abbreviation (8,8%), borrowing (2,2%) and clipping (2,2%) . Figurative expression as the most dominant type used by David Cameron because it make words in speech more organized as a nice thing to be spoken in public in order to convince people.

The intensification of socio-political movements within Ukraine and in the world as a whole at the beginning of the 21st century led to an appeal to the civic consciousness, position and identity of the individual and his role in the building of democratic states. The scientific community did not stay away from these processes and began to actively discuss the nature of civic identity, its levels and structure.This article presents a representation of the concept under study in the discourse of the social sciences. The authors made an attempt to analyze and summarize the available domestic scientific research on the problem under study. The research material was scientific articles and dissertations presented in the database of the Vernadsky National Library.The results made it possible to conclude that there is a diversity of approaches to defining civic identity in the social sciences. It is established that the definition of the essence of the concept should be made by comparing it with ethnic, national, gender-role, professional, social and cultural identities.It has been found out that civic identity is considered by scientists as a dynamic system of citizens' perceptions of themselves and related experiences and value-meaning-filled ones, which are formed as derivatives of the awareness of a citizen of a certain state and at the same time a member of the community of citizens.It is revealed that civic identity is based on the typicality (community) of problems of social self- realization of the individual in the organizational space of the state. The conditions of social self- realization, which exist in the organizational space of the state, unite people on the basis of thecommon values existing in the axiological space of the state. In this way, civic identity differs from a national identity close to it, oriented more towards national culture and traditions, as well as national interests in politics.

The intensification of socio-political movements within Ukraine and in the world as a whole at the beginning of the 21st century led to an appeal to the civic consciousness, position and identity of the individual and his role in the building of democratic states. The scientific community did not stay away from these processes and began to actively discuss the nature of civic identity, its levels and structure.This article presents a representation of the concept under study in the discourse of the social sciences. The authors made an attempt to analyze and summarize the available domestic scientific research on the problem under study. The research material was scientific articles and dissertations presented in the database of the Vernadsky National Library.The results made it possible to conclude that there is a diversity of approaches to defining civic identity in the social sciences. It is established that the definition of the essence of the concept should be made by comparing it with ethnic, national, gender-role, professional, social and cultural identities.It has been found out that civic identity is considered by scientists as a dynamic system of citizens' perceptions of themselves and related experiences and value-meaning-filled ones, which are formed as derivatives of the awareness of a citizen of a certain state and at the same time a member of the community of citizens.It is revealed that civic identity is based on the typicality (community) of problems of social self- realization of the individual in the organizational space of the state. The conditions of social self- realization, which exist in the organizational space of the state, unite people on the basis of thecommon values existing in the axiological space of the state. In this way, civic identity differs from a national identity close to it, oriented more towards national culture and traditions, as well as national interests in politics.