Suchergebnisse

Von der Ermordung des österreichischen Thronfolgers bis zur Völkerschlacht im Ersten Weltkrieg; von Hitlers Machtergreifung und den unvorstellbaren Verbrechen im Holocaust bis zum Feuersturm in Dresden und den Atombomben auf Japan: Guido Knopp gelingt ein höchst eindringliches Gesamtbild des »30-jährigen Krieges des 20. Jahrhunderts« und ein aufschlussreicher Blick auf ein dunkles Kapitel deutscher Geschichte - reich bebildert und spannend erzählt.

"Technik und Staat sind im 20. Jahrhundert in der westlichen Welt besonders eng verknüpft. Der politische Philosoph L. Winner meint, daß eine soziotechnische Ordnung mit eigener Verfassung neben der formalen politischen Ordnung entstanden sei, die von einer viel gelobten und untersuchten Verfassung gestützt werde. Nach Winner erlangen aber die großen zentralisierten und hierarchisch arrangierten soziotechnischen Ganzheiten immer größere Vielfalt und suchen die politische Ordnung zu kontrollieren, während diese doch eigentlich jene kontrollieren sollten. An vier unterschiedlichen Beispielen soll durch Rückgriff auf Entwicklungen in Frankreich, Deutschland, Großbritannien und die USA gezeigt werden, auf welchem machtvollen und zugleich unterschwelligen Weg sich politische und technische Ordnung im 20. Jahrhundert beeinflußt haben. Jedesmal bedrohte die technische die bis dahin existente politische Ordnung. Jede Nation suchte beide miteinander zu versöhnen. Diese Vorgänge sind tiefgreifend und dauern noch an; und der Technikhistoriker ist herausgefordert, sie zu untersuchen und zu erläutern." (Autorenreferat)

Herbert Ulrich: Geschichte Deutschlands im 20. Jahrhundert. 1451 S., C.H. Beck, München 2. Aufl. 2017
Timothy Snyder: Der Weg in die Unfreiheit – Russland – Europa – Amerika. 376 S., C.H. Beck, München 2018
Andreas Rödder: Wer hat Angst vor Deutschland? Geschichte eines europäischen Problems. 368 S., S. Fischer, Frankfurt/Main 2018

"Der Verfasser weist auf die verwandschaftlichen und freundschaftlichen Beziehungen der Angehörigen der Gruppe Schulze-Boysen/ Harnack und den Männern vom 20. Juli hin und versucht einen Zusammenhang zwischen der marxistischen und der 'bürgerlichen' Opposition gegen Hitler deutlich zu machen. Die Ausführungen des Verfassers verstehen sich als eine Einführung zum Abdruck einer von Harro Schulze-Boysen verfaßten Schrift 'Die Sorge um Deutschlands Zukungt geht durch das Volk'; mit dieser Schrift sollte die 'bürgerliche' Opposition erreicht werden." (IGW-Referat)

"Geschichtspolitik hat nicht den besten Ruf. Ähnlich wie die spin doctors mit z. T. unlauterem Marketing von Politik beschäftigt sind, wird der Geschichte anscheinend ein 'Dreh' verpasst. Tatsache ist, dass die historische Erinnerungsarbeit z. T. Deutungsmonopole hervorgebracht hat, gegen die vorzugehen die wissenschaftliche Redlichkeit gebietet. Auch der 20. Juli 1944 unterliegt solchen Zwängen, zumal in der Mediengesellschaft. Das Ereignis hat seit 1945 Umwertungen erfahren, die durchaus die Staatsräson der Bundesrepublik berühren." (Autorenreferat)

Inspection report of the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy by the officer of the day, C. B. Reese, on 20 September 1823.

Ni Pershing, ni SS 20 ?
El autor expone las grandes etapas de la batalla de los Euromisiles despues de la doble decision del OTAN en 1979 y ofrece asi un marco historico que permite apreciar el alcance de las negociaciones que tienen lugar a proposito de la «opción zero».

Inspection report of the quarters of the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy by the officer of the day, G. H. Curtis, on 20 May 1823.

Parmi les jeunes âgés de 16 à 24 ans, près d*un sur deux bénéficie, directement ou par l'intermédiaire de ses parents, des prestations familiales et/ou de logement. Mais la proportion de jeunes bénéficiant de ces prestations, c'est-à-dire la couverture des jeunes par la branche Famille de la Sécurité Sociale, est très variable avec l'âge : elle baisse régulièrement entre 16 et 19 ans, atteint son minimum à 20 ans et réaugmente lentement ensuite. L'évolution du taux de couverture est à mettre en parallèle avec la législation des prestations familiales (au-delà de 19 ans, un jeune n'est plus considéré comme enfant à charge au sens des prestations familiales) et avec la modification de la situation des jeunes (acquisition d'un logement autonome, constitution d'une famille). A partir de 20 ans, de nombreux jeunes à la recherche d*un emploi ou étudiants ne peuvent bénéficier des prestations familiales ou des aides au logement. Ceux que leurs parents ne peuvent aider courent le risque d'une grande précarité d'existence.

Part four of an interview with John Michalides of Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Topics include: John is happy with his life and his children. Why his children had a better life in the United States than what they would have had in Cyprus. How he feels about being an American citizen. ; 1 MICHALIDES: I will see. I was training to… more story, [speaking in Italian]. When I finish a story and when he said… he stand up, so I can see his two hands and he told me, "Father, from my bottom… from the bottom of my heart, I will graduate here. You are really a teacher. You are really a teacher." [Speaking in Italian] SPEAKER2: So you feel satisfied with your life? MICHALIDES: Oh, yes. SPEAKER2: You think you've done all you wanted to do. MICHALIDES: Very, very satisfied. Very satisfied. All my children are good. All my children has good works. I feel them as real. This one who plan to go for shoemaker, he get good job, could be this. SPEAKER2: You think your children had a better opportunity in America than in Cyprus? MICHALIDES: Oh, sure. SPEAKER2: You think you had better opportunity here, too? Yeah? MICHALIDES: Yeah, I think in Cyprus no opportunity because all the money, all the people can have no money because [no food], and besides no college in Cyprus. SPEAKER2: No? Not at all? MICHALIDES: No college. SPEAKER2: You'd have to go to Greece? MICHALIDES: Ah, yes. Go to Greece, go to Milan, go to France, different places. Most of them go to Greece. SPEAKER2: Do you think you had any special advantages as a citizen of the… how long have you been a citizen? MICHALIDES: Yeah, oh, for the… I think five years when I came here. Yes, after five years, I became a citizen. SPEAKER2: Do you think you have more say in America than you would in Greece as a citizen? MICHALIDES: Oh, yes, sure. SPEAKER2: Did you vote in Greece? Did you have the right to vote?2 MICHALIDES: To vote? SPEAKER2: To vote? To vote for… MICHALIDES: To vote? Oh, yeah. I have freedom of everything. Oh, yeah. It's like this, like here, I vote in the government and everything like here. And they can say that the only thing different is we have not in the Greece, in Cyprus, every state with all government. We have what you all got. See? Here, in United States has its own government, its own senators and so on; in our own, judges, you know, everything, senators. SPEAKER2: Yeah. Many times people say they long for the good old days like back when they were younger. Do you think you have… your life is better right now in these days or do you prefer the older days? MICHALIDES: Well, really, I like my country because anyone knows; I pray that he was born but it is… if I was younger, I was going down to see, to [speaking in Italian] but yet I know. I can't… I want to go, how I came. I don't decide because I am 90 years old. I don't know what to happen to me and daughter to spend money to bring here, because if I die there they have to bring me here because I bought a place and everything. I put up a store and another store in my name and my wife. SPEAKER2: When you went back to Cyprus, did you go by boat or by plane? MICHALIDES: When I go back? SPEAKER2: When you went back. MICHALIDES: Well, I went by airplane. SPEAKER2: What was that like? Did that scare you? Did that… was that scary? Did you… were you afraid of that? MICHALIDES: I bought… I went in an airplane in 11 hours to Greece, stayed to Greece with my daughter, from Greece to Cyprus with… just the same. SPEAKER2: Did you like riding on a plane?3 MICHALIDES: Oh, sure. If it was necessary to go, yeah, even when I was good, I was dizzy but with the airplane I did not feel at all. SPEAKER2: No? MICHALIDES: I thought it did not move. It was a very good airplane. I'm not at all stopping on planes. I see… not friends, nothing. But I remember very few. I don't know. SPEAKER2: But you're happy with your life now? You think you've accomplished what you wanted to do? MICHALIDES: Excuse me? SPEAKER2: You've accomplished what you wanted to do in life? You're satisfied with your life now? Yeah? MICHALIDES: I'm very satisfied. People here know me and I know them. When I'm going to church, I come out, my pupils, girl, boy gather around me asking, "How are you, father? How have you've been now?" They're so… SPEAKER2: I want to thank you very much for helping me with this. I took a lot of your time and I appreciate it. MICHALIDES: No, no. Thank you very much for coming. SPEAKER2: And you'll be a great help. MICHALIDES: I thought… I thought that you want me to do for others. SPEAKER2: No, just you. But you did… I really appreciate that. MICHALIDES: Thank you. SPEAKER2: Thank you./AT/jf/jc/ee

Part five of an interview with Matilda Koeller. Topics include: What it was like for Matilda to have her first child. Her husband's work and the different places they lived. What it was like when he was unemployed after the start of the Great Depression. ; 1 DONALD KOELLER: Tell me about Wally's birth. Did you have to rush to the hospital or.? Tell me about Wally's. MATILDA KOELLER: No, no. Waller, uh, uh. well, Waller's birth was, you know. uh, Dr., uh, Ballingers, you know, he-he had office hours twice a-a day in the afternoon and the evening. And so he said, "Well, when you get signs, go to the hospital." So I called them up and, uh, he rushed to the hospital and I wasn't even there. [Laughs] I couldn't make my. DONALD KOELLER: What hospital was that? MATILDA KOELLER: Lutheran Deaconess Hospital where all three of you were born. That building is torn down. That hospital is torn down now. DONALD KOELLER: Where was that? That was. MATILDA KOELLER: That was right there on, uh, around, uh, Hoyne and, uh. DONALD KOELLER: Leavitt? Or Walton and. yeah. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, yeah, near Saint Mary's. See, that, uh. the price. well, the Catholics wanted that, wanted that, uh, space because, uh, they were getting I don't know how many millions of dollars from the government to build a new, uh, a-a new hospital to Saint Mary's, see. And so, uh, a lot of the, especially Ester Strube was disappointed because she has donated money to the Lutheran Deaconess Hospital and she gave, I don't know, 2000 hours of free service. And, uh, all of a sudden, uh, it was, "No, don't sell it." And then all of a sudden, just from under their feet, it was sold and then it was. the money was given to the Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge. So that's the outcome of. DONALD KOELLER: What was it like for you to have a baby? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, it was. in first place, I-I was, uh. well, uh, I didn't want to go outside. You know, I was more or less, uh, ashamed of being big. I was big. And, uh, uh, I didn't have money, uh, you know. Uh, I didn't have, uh, uh, maternity dresses like 2 they have today. And I know I didn't go to church. I didn't want to be seen as, you know. so I stuck close to the house and just went shopping. DONALD KOELLER: What kind of medical prenatal or.? MATILDA KOELLER: I had none. When I was five and a half months, I went to the doctor for the first time. I felt like. and to show you how [laughs] I must have been awful dumb. But anyway, I wasn't dumb but I was backward bashful and Ballinger said to me, "Well, now what can I do for you?" And I said, "Well, I think I'm pregnant." [Laughs] He said, "You think?" [Laughs] And I already felt like. DONALD KOELLER: [Laughs] MATILDA KOELLER: I didn't go to the doctor like they do today because it was a natural thing in those days just to have a doctor and if something. you needed attention. But I didn't go to the doctor, I think, maybe two or three times before Waller was born. And I did that with all three of you boys. DONALD KOELLER: How was Dad taking to the idea of family way? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, Dad went to. see, how did I get to the hospital? So we had a car then, you know, Charlie's car. So he drove. DONALD KOELLER: He went back to Race to get the car? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. Well, yeah, Charlie let us have the car. So I didn't go to the hospital until the next morning or in the evening because doctor was there and I wasn't there, you know. But I had more or less a false alarm, and Waller took about two days. Now, with you, at first he said to Walt, "You can have the car when it's ready." And when I got in the car, my water broke. And I felt bad about that, that the car was wet, but he didn't, you know. And that's when the doctor. the intern then worked on me and – I don't know. Did I tell you what happened? DONALD KOELLER: No. 3 MATILDA KOELLER: Well, see, the intern worked on me while the doctor had his office hours from 7:00 to 8:00. And when he came in, this intern was pressing hard and I was in terrible agony and my head was laying over the table way back and I saw Dr. Ballinger coming in and I said, "Oh, Dr. Ballinger." Then he said to the intern, "Stop!" And he, the intern, somehow or another, injured your head. But when you were born, you were a beautiful baby and I nursed right away. They couldn't get over how I could nurse a baby. Generally, it took a day but I nursed you right away. But the next day, they never gave me you. And I wondered and wondered and I was filling up, and then they held you away from me a whole day. But in the meantime, Dad, you know, of course got a hold of Mildred and said, "Oh, we got such a beautiful baby. Oh, is he beautiful." You know, and of course, she came to the hospital and then you were in a separate compartment away from all the other babies. And when the nurse brought you to the window, Dad and Mildred nearly [unintelligible - 00:07:18], you know, couldn't. they were shocked because your head was in a point, see. Because see, the intern had. DONALD KOELLER: Compressing? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, yeah, see. DONALD KOELLER: How long did my head remain a point? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, the next day, it went back into normal. [Laughs] But that was serious. DONALD KOELLER: I'm not pointed now. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. But I mean, that was really serious because you. DONALD KOELLER: What did they tell you? MATILDA KOELLER: They didn't tell me nothing. DONALD KOELLER: And what did you think? 4 MATILDA KOELLER: You know, and I said, "Where is my baby?" And well, it never dawned upon me that there was something wrong with the baby, you know. It never dawned upon me. DONALD KOELLER: So then Dad came in and told you? MATILDA KOELLER: No. Then the next day. I first found out the next day. DONALD KOELLER: Well, after Dad saw me, what did he do? He did not come to visit you then? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, he came, you know, Mildred and… but they kept everything from me. They didn't say a word, you know, because they didn't want me to worry about it, I suppose. And then when Ralph was born, I said to Ballinger, I says, "I don't want nobody to touch me but you." He said, "Don't worry. Nobody will." And so he was concerned, too. DONALD KOELLER: Well, was Ralph's birth then.? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. DONALD KOELLER: Nothing unusual? MATILDA KOELLER: No. It was just very natural. I never. the only thing I remember – I mean, I never – I did make noise when the intern was trying to rush the job, because I was in real pain. But other than that, the nurse, when Ralph was born said, "Let me know when you get a pain. I don't know when you get a pain." So I was able to contain myself without even a slight sign of pain. DONALD KOELLER: How did you pick the names Walter, Donald, and Ralph? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, Walter I really. Walter was named after his father. And I like the name of Ralph and when the doctor said, "What are you naming.?" Because we always called Dr. Ballinger, and he said, "What are you going to name this boy?" And we said, "Ralph." I mean, Donald, see. And there were three babies baptized in Christ Church by the name of Donald, one after another. Reverend Hurdle said, "What happened? What's this name about Donald?" 5 DONALD KOELLER: But there's nobody in the family named Donald? MATILDA KOELLER: Oh, yeah. I like the name of Donald. I have a cousin by the name of Donald. And I had Donald. DONALD KOELLER: Which cousin? MATILDA KOELLER: That's up in… well, he died about the same time Mildred did. He was a shorthand teacher in college in Whitewater. DONALD KOELLER: But he was part of the Logan [Court]. MATILDA KOELLER: He was part of the Courts. His name was Donald Court. He was. Henry Courts was one of Anna. DONALD KOELLER: Anna's brother. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, brother. And he was electrocuted. He worked for electrical concern up there and he climbed. that was when electricity was pretty young, you know. And he climbed up the ladder and touched the wrong wire and was electrocuted. DONALD KOELLER: Where did the name. and then Albert came? MATILDA KOELLER: Albert came. I imagine, Albert came through Albert Stockholm. I really. you know. DONALD KOELLER: And Walter's middle name was Henry. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. They came from Henry. DONALD KOELLER: From your brother. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, my brother – and also the uncle. DONALD KOELLER: What about Adolf? Was Wally always.? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, Adolf came from Dad's side of the family. DONALD KOELLER: Where? I don't ever recall. MATILDA KOELLER: Well, I think. let's see. Adolf, I think, originated. there are some Adolf in the Koeller family. Maybe Frederick has Adolf in it. DONALD KOELLER: And Ralph? MATILDA KOELLER: And then Ralph, I like the name of Ralph. And Dr. Ballinger said. and I said, "Well, I like the name of Ralph." He said, "Well, that's my name." That was his name. 6 DONALD KOELLER: Ralph Ballinger, the doctor. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, see. But I didn't. DONALD KOELLER: But there was nobody in the family. MATILDA KOELLER: No, nobody in the family. But we didn't pick. you know, we didn't pick anybody's name in the family. I wasn't crazy about the name of Albert, so we gave it as, you know. DONALD KOELLER: A middle name. MATILDA KOELLER: A middle name. Yeah. DONALD KOELLER: What about Carl? Who is. for Ralph Carl? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, Carl was a short name of Charles, see. Evidently, you know. because I didn't do all the picking. DONALD KOELLER: No, no. MATILDA KOELLER: See. And we didn't want to be all one-sided, you know, on my side of the family only, you know although Walter's. DONALD KOELLER: Well, Henry was on your side. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, Henry. But I always liked the name of Henry. And I understand, I think Margaret's father's name, I think, is Henry. Because they asked. in a letter, they asked names, you know. I said, "Well, you know, I want [laughs] I wanted somebody be named Jacob after my father." [Laughs] DONALD KOELLER: Not a chance mom, not a chance. [Laughs] I don't think Cathy will ever name her. When the babies were being born, during that period of time, then you bought the house, the bungalow. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, we bought the house when. we bought the house before you were born. I was expecting then. And Mae and Albert and Evelyn lived with us for a whole year. DONALD KOELLER: In the house – in the bungalow? MATILDA KOELLER: In the bungalow, yeah. DONALD KOELLER: Was that Mae and.7 MATILDA KOELLER: Mae, the kid sister, and brother-in-law, which was a traveling salesman. He only came home about every six weeks. And Evelyn was going to high school then. DONALD KOELLER: Evelyn.? MATILDA KOELLER: Evelyn [Stockholm]. Evelyn. DONALD KOELLER: Was their daughter. MATILDA KOELLER: Was their daughter, yeah. DONALD KOELLER: Tell me about the house. I mean, it wasn't a two-family house though, was it? MATILDA KOELLER: No, no, it was. DONALD KOELLER: With a single kitchen. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. But she. it had a great big. we had two bedrooms and then an extra porch, an enclosed porch. They had two porches, one was enclosed and one was open. But that only lasted a year. DONALD KOELLER: Was that a shared purchase or.? MATILDA KOELLER: No, no. DONALD KOELLER: You owned it? MATILDA KOELLER: No, no. We owned it, but Mae. you know, the rents were going up, you know, and she was looking for property – and I don't know how it was. Because Mae, we were getting along fine with Mae. There was no reason why we couldn't make it go all this… DONALD KOELLER: So it was just – I mean, that made it. you got rent from them which helped to pay for the.? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. We got expenses from, you know, rent, but it was very little, you know. But see, we didn't. we bought the house and we were not in it when your father was laid off for 12 weeks. So we knew at that time. anyway, I felt at that time that we wouldn't be able to hang on to it because we lost the $500 cushion that we had in the bank because the bank closed. 8 DONALD KOELLER: This was. you moved in the house in '31. MATILDA KOELLER: We moved in the house in '31. See, we were married in '28. No, I think we moved in '30. But see, the way the house had to be paid was every five years, you had to renew the contract, see, and that would cost $500. See, it's different than today. You can buy a house and put $2,000 down and then pay every month and there was just that bill to pay enough at the end of five years. You see, that was. well, when there was no money coming in for 12 weeks, then the little that we had and what we got from Mae survived us. And then, of course, he worked but then he had to take a terrible cut, and then we were allowed to stay in the house for a certain length of time, I don't know, was it two years before we moved, but we had to move. DONALD KOELLER: So you were evicted? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. DONALD KOELLER: Where was the house? MATILDA KOELLER: It was on Merrimac. DONALD KOELLER: Do you remember the number? MATILDA KOELLER: It was between Belden and Addison, Addison and Belden. DONALD KOELLER: And what did you pay for it? I mean, how much.? MATILDA KOELLER: Seven thousand two hundred dollars for a brand new house, brick. DONALD KOELLER: And you had to put $500 down? MATILDA KOELLER: No, we put more. We put in $1,200. Well, then we got up there, but in winter, it was colder than blue blazes and I had to learn how to make a fire on a little stove and also on the kitchen top stove. No, no, that. the heat from the basement, from her flat kind of warmed up but there was no storm windows and it wasn't insulated. You know, it was an attic flat with living room. two bedrooms and a living room and a dining room and a kitchen. It was a big attic but it was cold so 9 that we had to. what Dad and I did, we draped a blanket in between the living room and the dining room because we didn't have money for coal you know. And it was nice up there and always been, the place, but we could only stay there a year because Walt lost his job then. DONALD KOELLER: Let's go back when Dad was working at Wilson and you bought the house. So before you even moved in, he was laid off from work. MATILDA KOELLER: No, he was laid off for 12 weeks. Yeah. DONALD KOELLER: For 12 weeks. Why was there a layoff at Wilson's? MATILDA KOELLER: Well, I don t know why. I think the place just wasn't. I don't know. They were all laid off, I think, for 12 weeks. Anyway, he was laid off and I think Paul was laid off, too. DONALD KOELLER: But then after 12 weeks, he went back. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, he went back and. DONALD KOELLER: With a cut in wages? MATILDA KOELLER: With a cut in wages. DONALD KOELLER: Well, that would have all been tied to the overall Depression that was going on. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. Because the Depression was. see, because then, you know, while we were living on Eddy Street, Pastor Hurdle came to visit, you know, he came to do his visit. And I started to cry because Walt was working until 9, 10, 11 o'clock at night. And this was during the, you know, Depression. And he said, "Well, I can't understand. You're crying he's working too much, and there are men crying for a job." Because dad was making big money, sometimes, he came home with $80, $90 to do the [piece] work. DONALD KOELLER: And then that ended for 12 weeks. When he went back, it was.10 MATILDA KOELLER: Less money. And just all what happened in there is that Paul got an idea to work Friday night so they didn't have to work Saturday so he could go fishing. And then a doctor saw that – Paul had the men working 24 hours straight so he could go fishing. And this one particular time, Paul had been asking him to go fishing. And so this one particular time, it was real hot and Walt went and the weather changed and he took sick. He never went fishing after that because he froze and he was a sick man after that for a long time. Then came in this WWW something; Roosevelt got this order that any person that was not well and was sick should be laid off and only the healthy men worked. So that was the government's order. So the doctors were called in and the men were examined and that day, 50 men were laid off just like that – no warning, no severage pay, no nothing. Well, Dad was a good worker and the bosses wanted him back, but the doctors would say, "No, you can't come back." They even laid him off with [unintelligible - 00:23:23]. DONALD KOELLER: When they were laid off, did they get any kind of unemployment compensation? MATILDA KOELLER: No, nothing. DONALD KOELLER: Nothing. MATILDA KOELLER: Nothing. DONALD KOELLER: No wonder you didn't like Roosevelt. [Laughs] MATILDA KOELLER: Well, you know. after that, I certainly didn't love him because our whole lives [unintelligible - 00:23:51] because we couldn't get no relief. We finally got relief and then we were taken right off of that because I foolishly said that we had a bank account for Waller and there was $7 in it. And they investigated more and found out that Dad's name was on his father's bank book. And we were called in the office and said, 11 "How come?" We said, "No, that's not our money. That's my father-in-law's money. That's his, you know." DONALD KOELLER: That was from his taking care of the finances for Frederick. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, see. And they said, "Well, you use that money." And we said, "That's stealing." They didn't care. They just took us right off, and we had, I think, two weeks of relief and that's all. So Walt did not get any money for two years. Charlie gave us $15 a week and that's what we lived on. DONALD KOELLER: You then moved to 1936 Race. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. There was no other. DONALD KOELLER: How long were you at the Belden apartment? MATILDA KOELLER: One year. DONALD KOELLER: And from there, then you went to 1936 Race. MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. And then things got so, you know, bad after all. No clothes were bought and the boys needed shoes. And there was a lot of WPA workers working and you can only work I think a year and a half on it and then somebody else would get a chance. And so Walt wrote a letter to WPA, saying his children need shoes. We haven't had any income for two years. And so he got on WPA. DONALD KOELLER: When was that? I mean, was that. MATILDA KOELLER: Well, that was after two years that we. Walt was 7 years old when we moved on Race Avenue. DONALD KOELLER: That was 1937. MATILDA KOELLER: He was just almost. yeah, in '36, I think. DONALD KOELLER: '36. MATILDA KOELLER: See, and. Then he got $50 a month. Then he got to be, I don't know what you would call that, a custodian of the finished order, to order materials or order. DONALD KOELLER: With the WPA? 12 MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah, with the WPA. Then we got $90 a month. Dad worked for a year and a half. And in the meantime, Matilda Blackmore was in the hospital and we went to visit her. Matilda Blackmore and Mrs. Wellhaven were in the same room. Mrs. Wellhaven. DONALD KOELLER: How did you know Mrs. Blackmore? MATILDA KOELLER: Through school, through Revere Electric. She was the bookkeeper, see. DONALD KOELLER: Right. MATILDA KOELLER: Now, see, your father lost his job through a Matchless… you know, he was fired there. DONALD KOELLER: Matchless? I don't. MATILDA KOELLER: Matchless, a rubber. well, Wellhaven was the boss there. DONALD KOELLER: Oh, but that would. wait a minute. He got. MATILDA KOELLER: Wait, just a minute. Now, let's go back to the two women in the hospital. DONALD KOELLER: All right. MATILDA KOELLER: Well, Matilda got acquainted with Wellhaven, Mrs. Wellhaven. And she found out that he was in business, that he, you know. and so she spoke up for Walt. "Can you get Walt a job?" DONALD KOELLER: This was when he was working for WPA? MATILDA KOELLER: Yeah. When he was ready to be laid off or maybe he was laid off by then. Well, we get a phone call and he was offered a job for $15 a week. So, he took it. DONALD KOELLER: From Mr. Wellhaven? MATILDA KOELLER: From Wellhaven. DONALD KOELLER: So he went down, he got the job, and from that time on, why, he worked. You know, then somehow or another, Matilda. it was Matilda and us that always got. then somehow or another, she invited Wellhaven and then we got acquainted with Wellhaven, see, with the boss. I think that's how it worked. 13 And Wellhaven was. Anyway, he quit that job. He was in partnership with it and then later on, Walt was fired. Wellhaven started his own buffing business, see. Then there was jealousy, at some man at Matchless and he fired Walt. And after he was fired, he wanted Walt to come back to work. But by that time, Walt had found a job./AT/mb/ee

Thomas, F. W. (ed.) (1925 [reprinted 1982]). Epigraphia Indica and Record of the Archaeological Survey of India. Vol. XV. – 1919-20. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch.

Zu Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts gab es im Land Baden verschiedene Wahlsysteme bei Bürgermeisterwahlen. Der Bürgermeister der Gemeinde Langenbrücken, heute gehört der Ort zu Bad Schönborn, Josef Ziegelmeyer, ist mittels drei verschiedener Wahlsysteme zum Bürgermeister gewählt worden. Die ersten beiden Wahlen fanden im Zeitalter der konstitutionellen Monarchie statt, die dritte im Zeitalter einer demokratischen Republik. Bei der ersten Wahl wurde Ziegelmeyer von einem Bürgerausschuss gewählt, bei der zweiten von einem Teil der Ortsbürger und bei der dritten Wahl von allen Ortsbürgern der Gemeinde. Das Ergebnis der Wahlen Ziegelmeyers war immer hervorragend, die Wahlsysteme hatten keinen Einfluss auf das sehr gute Abschneiden Ziegelmeyers.

'Über die Details der Datenerhebung bei persönlich-mündlichen (face-to-face) Bevölkerungsbefragungen ist nur wenig bekannt. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen schlaglichtartig einige ausgewählte Facetten der Feldarbeit beleuchtet werden. Datengrundlage bilden die zwölf Erhebungen, die für die Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) zwischen 1980 und 2000 durchgeführt wurden. Betrachtet werden u.a. Anzahl und demographische Zusammensetzung der eingesetzten Interviewer, Wochentage und Tageszeiten der Interviewdurchführung sowie Informationen zur Feldzeit und zu den Fallpreisen in den einzelnen Erhebungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Problematik der Ausschöpfungsberechnung wird zum Schluss auf die Frage des Zusammenhangs von Qualität, Zeitbedarf und Preis eingegangen.' (Autorenreferat)