Suchergebnisse

In April 1989, economic riots triggered a political liberalization process in Jordan. Initially promising, the political opening was first side-tracked at the time of the Madrid conference in 1991 and had effectively stalled by summer 1994, as the government changed the electoral and other laws and curbed public freedoms. In chronicling the retreats in liberalization from 1991 to the present, the author argues that while there have been numerous pressures on the Jordanian political system since 1989, one can draw clear causal relationships between these retreats and developments in the "peace process."

This study describes the concept of decentralization that addresses changes in operational tasks and delegation of authority in decision making from the central government to local governments. In other words, decentralization also considers as an instrument in the context of community empowerment related to human development nationally. Related to the implementation of the concept of decentralization in the era of regional autonomy, decentralization was designed to create new corruption in regional government. The majority of corruption was issued from the regional government in the last round. This study will answer the question of how the decentralization policy towards human development in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data analysis and literature review. Secondary data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency which was then processed and reviewed based on the perspective of the researcher. Based on the results of the research that was thought about the implementation of the concept of decentralization in Indonesia, it was necessary to conduct a review related to supervision in the regions. The human development sustainability program in the area is determined by the commitment of the leader in carrying out his duties and role in running the government.

Term limits advocates argued that the reform would revitalize the electorate & spur increased voter participation. They suggested two main mechanisms by which term limits would do this: (1) term limits would increase the number of open-seat races, which tend to be more competitive, & the increased competition would inspire more voting, & (2) the removal of entrenched incumbents would inspire more trust & confidence in government, thereby encouraging voter enthusiasm in a more diffuse way, increasing turnout for all races. I evaluate these hypotheses empirically using data from California state legislative races from 1976 to 2004; incorporating a variety of methods, including pooled cross-sectional time-series regression. I find evidence that state legislative term limits not only fail to achieve the reformers' goals, but they, in fact, decrease voter turnout. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The main objective of the study is to determine the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth of Ethiopia. In line with the general objective the researchers analysed the effect of major federal government spending on healthcare, education, interest payments on general debt and expenditure on military of the country on GDP growth rate. The researchers found the data mainly from World Bank development indicators. After getting the data from1990 to 2020 of 31years data, we used multiple linear regression analysis by running STATA V15 to show the effect of all the above listed independent macro variables on GDP growth of the country, as GDP a measurement of economic growth and dependent variable of the study. After analysing the outputs of STATA the basic assumptions of classical linear regression analysis were conducted and checked. After all, the researchers found that an adjusted R2 of76.855% which implies that, the independent variables used in this study explains 76.855% of the dependent variables under study. From all the independent variables, FDI net inflows, expenditure on healthcare and expenditure for education have been found as a positive contributor of GDP growth rate and expenditure on interest is found as a negative factor for GDP growth rate. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers forwarded basic suggestions for the concerned boy.

AbstractI test a market consensus hypothesis about earnings management in the banking industry. This hypothesis states that when analysts have reached a consensus in their earnings forecasts, managers have an incentive to manage earnings through discretionary accruals to achieve market expectations. A sample of banks is partitioned based on the degree of forecaster consensus, and the behavior of one discretionary accrual, the loan loss provision, is predicted for each partition. The results suggest bank managers make greater use of the loan loss provision to manipulate earnings in a discretionary manner when analysts have reached a consensus in their earnings predictions.

When two candidates of different quality compete in a one-dimensional policy space, the equilibrium outcomes are asymmetric and do not correspond to the median. There are three main effects. First, the better candidate adopts more centrist policies than the worse candidate. Second, the equilibrium is statistical, in the sense that it predicts a probability distribution of outcomes rather than a single degenerate outcome. Third, the equilibrium varies systematically with the level of uncertainty about the location of the median voter. We test these three predictions using laboratory experiments and find strong support for all three. We also observe some biases and show that they can be explained by quantal response equilibrium.

Provisioning for basic human needs is done in three main kind of institutions: the familial household; the commercial enterprise selling goods and services; the institutions of the Welfare State that provide education, medical care and other goods and personal services to all or to some specific groups of citizens in need. The purpose of this book is to study the interplay of these institutions and their impact on well-being, and to analyze key policies and measures that have been implemented in European countries. Institutions determine labour demand (men and women are hired by the institutions of the Welfare State or by market providers of care), the possibilities of consumption (wages earned can be used to buy goods and services only if such goods and services are provided by the market) and allocate people's time, in particular women's time, between paid work and unpaid domestic production and provision of care, shaping both the gender relations and time use of people of both sexes. The proper balance of these institutions is a prerequisite of well-being both of the care givers and of the care receivers, and also for satisfactory gender relations. The chapters in this book focus on the following sub-topics: gender and welfare regimes; gender, well-being and the provision of care in the family and the household; and gender and well-being in the labour market. They emphasise the interdependence of social and labour market policies in the context of fundamental changes in both working patterns (the increase in female labour-force participation rates) and social needs (including population ageing) and demonstrate that we need a more integrated approach to welfare policy which takes account not only of basic welfare entitlements, but also the need for supportive forms of service provision and employment regulation

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the Australian visual arts sector. We base our analysis on the responses of over 1500 visual artists and arts workers to a survey conducted by the National Association for the Visual Arts (NAVA), the national peak body for the visual and media arts, craft and design sector in September 2021. NAVA employed this online survey to study the relationship between the pandemic and both the incomes and mental health of artists and arts workers. Using regression analysis, we find that there has been a significant impact for both artists and arts workers, with the severity of the impacts varying by gender, age and the availability of state‐based and Australian Government support programmes. Reduced hours and loss of contracted work and commissions due to the pandemic were both related to declines in income and mental health outcomes for artists and for arts workers. Housing stress was associated with a higher likelihood of a significant or extreme mental health impact for artists and arts workers. In addition, artists' incomes and mental health outcomes were impacted when faced with a reduced ability to sell, although some artists were able to increase their online profiles.

The Israel Yearbook on Human Rights - an annual published under the auspices of the Faculty of Law of Tel Aviv University since 1971- is devoted to publishing studies by distinguished scholars in Israel and other countries on human rights in peace and war, with particular emphasis on problems relevant to the State of Israel and the Jewish people. The Yearbook also incorporates documentary materials relating to Israel and the Administered Areas which are not otherwise available in English (including summaries of judicial decisions, compilations of legislative enactments and military proclamations). The Articles section of Volume 33 contains articles on Legal Aspects of Emergency Regimes

I examined how behavioral changes that are apparent in individuals who are in a romantic relationship influence their decision making in purchase situations. Participants were 505 university students and workers (253 men, 252 women). Participants in a mating mindset (MM) condition showed
greater intention to make decisions with partners than did those in a single mindset (SM) condition. Attitude toward advertising for a brand and purchase intention were likely to be more favorable in an SM than in an MM. Participants in the MM were less likely to prefer a unique design than
were those in the SM; however, there was a gradual decrement in this effect as the relationship became longer. Further, participants in an MM group were more willing to give money and time than were those in an SM group. These results led to the conclusion that in purchase situations, people
in an MM tend to exhibit behaviors that conflict with their original tastes because they are dominated by thoughts associated with their romantic partners.