The justification grounds for a special right to religious freedom have been scrutinized in the public and the scholarly debates across liberal democracies. In the public debate, the legal admissibility of some religious manifestations has been challenged for reasons that suggest religious manifestations have been favored in law qua religious. In the scholarly debate, the focus has been on the "specialness" of religion and the justification grounds for singling out religion qua religion for a favored treatment in law. However, recent developments show that religion has also been singled out qua religion for a disfavored treatment. This project pays attention to both angles of the debate on law and religion. To this end, it combines the outcomes of six separate articles, each touching upon a different aspect of this debate. As such, it elaborates in the first four articles on the question whether religion qua religion deserves special legal solicitude. Subsequently, it explores in the last two articles on singling out religion qua religion for a disfavored treatment in law.
Did ancient religions know religious individuality? How did it work in texts and practices related to texts? The creation of texts offered opportunities to express one's own religious experience and shape one's own religious personality - within the boundaries of what is acceptable. Greek and Latin, Jewish and Christian texts from the Hellenistic period down to Late Antiquity created exemplary individuals or condemned individual deviance. The volume presents exemplary cases and analyses, which open a new field for research in the history of religion, covering ritual and literary innovations.
Integrationsdebatten in westlichen Ländern über den Umgang mit muslimischen Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft enthalten oftmals soziale, politische und rechtliche Aspekte, welche bereits im islamischen Minderheitenkonzept, dem sogenannten dhimma-Konzept, Geltung gefunden haben.In den Anfängen des Islams entwickelt, zielt dieses System darauf ab islamische Werte einer mehrheitlich muslimischen Gemeinschaft zu bewahren und anerkannten religiösen Minderheiten in beschränktem Maße ein Recht auf religiöse Autonomie zu gewähren. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass Fragmente des dhimma-Konzeptes nach wie vor in einigen Staaten angewandt werden, beschäftigt sich diese Diplomarbeit mit der Vereinbarkeit und den Hauptunterschieden zwischen islamischem und internationalem Minderheitenschutz. Geltende Normen und Schutzmechanismen auf internationaler sowie auf europäischer Ebene werden erörtert und mögliche Defizite aufgezeigt. Gleichermaßen wird die historische, soziale und politische Entwicklung des dhimma-Konzepts dargestellt. Islamische Initiativen zur Errichtung von regionalen Schutzmechanismen werden mit bestehenden Standards auf internationaler Ebene verglichen und die Vereinbarkeit von Sharia und Menschenrechten thematisiert. Das Vermächtnis des Osmanischen Reiches, der Einfluss von ausländischen Mächten, islamisches Recht und internationale Standards, all dies hat Einfluss auf die aktuelle Situation von religiösen Minderheiten in muslimisch geprägten Staaten. Am Beispiel von Ägypten, dem Libanon und der Türkei soll die Rolle des dhimma-Konzepts in islamischen Staaten behandelt sowie deren Bemühen, aus den verschiedenen religiösen, ethnischen und sozialen Gesellschaftsschichten eine nationale Identität zu formen, dargestellt werden. Schlussfolgernd wird festgehalten, dass Unvereinbarkeiten zwischen islamischem Recht und internationalen Standards im Minderheitenschutz unter anderem auf verfassungsrechtlichen Unzulänglichkeiten und auf religiös motivierter Politik beruhen. ; Contemporary discussions in western countries about how to integrate religious minorities, especially with Muslim minorities and their own tradition encompass social, political as well as legal aspects. The same aspects are also valid when describing the Islamic minority protection system, the so called dhimma concept. Developed in the early period of Islam, this concept attempts to preserve Islamic values of a majority Muslim polity by imposing necessary limits on the religious way of life of recognized minority communities. Given that remnants of the dhimma concept are still to be encountered in today's modern Nations, this paper tries to outline the compatibilities and main discrepancies between Islamic law and international standards relevant for the protection of religious minorities. Consequently, norms and regulations of international and European law in the field of minority protection will be described with possible shortcomings pointed out. The historical, social and political development of the dhimma concept enshrined in Islamic law, efforts of Islamic organizations to set up their own human rights mechanisms and the controversial question whether norms of the Sharia are compatible with human rights standards, will be focused on likewise. The legacy of the Ottoman Empire, the influence of external players, Islamic law and international obligations, all these factors contribute to the current situation of minority groups in Muslim countries. By evaluating the historical development and legal framework of Egypt, Lebanon and Turkey as examples, the impact dhimma norms still have within modern Islamic societies and the struggle of each of these countries to develop a national identity out of different religious, ethnic and social classes will be addressed.The paper concludes that incompatibilities between Islamic law and international standards in the field of minority protection are merely due to constitutional omissions and sectarian politics. ; vorgelegt von Kerstin Wonisch ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2014 ; (VLID)370629
Of dreams and night-mares : Vodou women queering the body - Hector Hyppolite èl Même : between queer fetishization and Vodou self-portraiture -- A chronology of queer Lucumí scholarship : degeneracy, ambivalence, transcorporeality -- Lucumí diasporic ethnography : Fran, Cabrera, Lam -- Queer Candomblé scholarship and Dona Flor's S/exua/lity -- Transatlantic waters of Oxalá : Pierre Verger, Mário de Andrade, and Candomblé in Europe
THE SOUTH AFRICAN POPULATION, BOTH BLACK AND WHITE, IS LARGELY CHRISTIAN, AND MANY CHURCH MEMBERS AND OFFICIALS HAVE SPOKEN OUT AGAINST APARTHEID, BUT THE CHURCH IS DEEPLY DIVIDED. THE THEOLOGY OF THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH HAS BEEN CALLED THE STATE THEOLOGY, THOSE WHO PREACH PEACE FOLLOW A CHURCH THEOLOGY, AND OTHERS WHO BELIEVE THE CHURCH MUST BE ON THE SIDE OF THE OPPRESSED PREACH THE PROPHETIC THEOLOGY.
"The chapters in this book largely covers the concerns of religious practices, destination attractiveness, motivational components of the pilgrims, pilgrimage tourism sustainability, technological intervention, religious events, fairs, festivals, and post-pandemic approaches towards pilgrimage tourism revival"--
"The Supreme Court has issued a decision, but that doesn't end the debate. Now that the Supreme Court has ruled, Americans face momentous debates about the nature of marriage and religious liberty. Because the Court has redefined marriage in all 50 states, we have to energetically protect our freedom to live according to conscience and faith as we work to rebuild a strong marriage culture. In the first book to respond to the Supreme Court's decision on same-sex marriage, Ryan Anderson draws on the best philosophy and social science to explain what marriage is, why it matters for public policy, and the consequences of its legal redefinition. Attacks on religious liberty--predicated on the bogus equation of opposition to same-sex marriage with racism--have already begun, and modest efforts in Indiana and other states to protect believers' rights have met with hysterics from media and corporate elites. Anderson tells the stories of innocent citizens who have been coerced and penalized by the government and offers a strategy to protect the natural right of religious liberty. Anderson reports on the latest research on same-sex parenting, filling it out with the testimony of children raised by gays and lesbians. He closes with a comprehensive roadmap on how to rebuild a culture of marriage, with work to be done by everyone. The nation's leading defender of marriage in the media and on university campuses, Ryan Anderson has produced the must-read manual on where to go from here. There are reasonable and compelling arguments for the truth about marriage, but too many of our neighbors haven't heard them. Truth is never on "the wrong side of history," but we have to make the case. We will decide which side of history we are on."--
The main focus of interest in the paper is the attitude of Western and Eastern stems of Christianity towards religious painting with reference to the problem of equality of word and image as far as the Church teaching is concerned. The roots and basic notions of Christian anthropology as well as positions revealed by both Churches during the discussions in 7-8th centuries are regarded as foundations for noticeable differences in interpretations of meanings, means, artistic principles, reality representations, ways of passing on the truth on man in Orthodox icons and Western religious paintings either. Taking in to account the relationship between object and its representation the paper develops the idea of metonymical principle being crucial for Western religious paintings and symbolic connection between signans belonging to the earthly reality and signatum pointing out to transcendent realm in Orthodox icon painting.
An Element on the role of violence in the traditional religions of the Pacific Ilands (Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia) and on violent activity in islander religious life after the opening of Oceania to the modern world. This work covers such issues as tribal warfare, sorcery and witchcraft, traditional punishment and gender imbalance. and moves on to consider reprisals against foreign intruders in the Pacific and the continuation of old types of violence in spite of massive socio-religious change.
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AbstractThis article addresses the challenge of conceptualizing the practice of religious proselytism in the context of international human rights law and its significance for the law of religious freedom. The author examines the evolving approach taken to religious proselytism within the landscape of human rights law, revealing that important aspects of religious freedom risk being lost given complex positive and negative views on proselytization. The author then explores the concept of human dignity and argues that there are relational and interactive dimensions associated with human dignity that are obscured in the international legal discourse of religious freedom. Recovering these dimensions of dignity will help address religious proselytization in international human rights law and reinvigorate the law of religious freedom.
"An interfaith guide to planned giving. Planned gifts are typically the largest gifts received by a charity and can transform religious organizations and congregations to become more sustainable, impactful, and vibrant entities for decades to come. Encouraging planned gifts to congregations and religious organizations is essential at this time of tremendous generational wealth transfer; these gifts also provide an opportunity to enhance relationships between supporters and organizations. Many congregations and religious entities fear that they cannot raise these transformational gifts due to a lack of expertise among staff or volunteers, the limited financial resources of their constituents, or the simple discomfort of addressing ultimate issues with donors. Faithful Giving can help change those dynamics. The book is intentionally inclusive of Christian and other faith traditions by offering several case studies from a variety of Christian denominations and other religions, including Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Baptist, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu and others"--
