Suchergebnisse

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, international students contributed nearly $40 billion to the U.S. economy in 2016 and supported more than 450,000 jobs. Dick Startz, an economics professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, puts the figure even higher, at $50 billion.

Examines the role that international law plays in UK institutions of government when considering the deployment of armed forces to conflict and post-conflict zones. This is put into the context of the debate in the UK about the introduction of a War Powers Resolution.

Ihsan D. Dagi is associate professor of international relations at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara. He is a 2001-02 Visiting Fulbright Scholar in the Department of Government at Georgetown University. This article is based on research conducted under a NATO fellowship.

"Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Bericht über die Entwicklung der German Industrial Relations Association aus der Sicht eines teilnehmenden Beobachters. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich die deutsche Sektion von einer kleinen Gruppe von Wissenschaftlern hin zu einem Forum entwickelt hat, auf dem auch verantwortliche Praktiker in den Ministerien, Verbänden und Unternehmen das Gespräch über 'industrielle Beziehungen' führen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der angelsächsischen Forschungstradition und die Beziehungen zur internationalen Industrial Relations Association werden ebenso dokumentiert wie die organisatorischen Probleme und Erfolge." (Autorenreferat)

The article puts forward a historical institutionalist account of how international organizations are 'designed.' I argue that deliberate institutional design is circumscribed by path-dependent power dynamics within international organizations. Power-driven path dependence is used to explain that organizations lock in and reinforce historical privileges of international organization subunits. Early winners in the international organization lock in their privileges with the support of member-state allies, and reap increasing returns from their positions over rounds of reform. They thereby amplify features of international organization design that reformers would otherwise change later on. The argument is illustrated with a historical case study of the World Health Organization's unique federal design, which grants the regional offices near autonomy from headquarter oversight. Vocal criticisms of the World Health Organization's regionalization and repeated centralization attempts notwithstanding, the powers of the regions have increased over time. The case study retraces the path-dependent struggles over the World Health Organization's federal design since its creation in the 1940s. While the literature on international organizations tends to reserve inertia and path dependence for constructivist analysis, this article offers a rationalist account of inertia in international institutions. ; Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich / This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation).