Suchergebnisse

Indigenous policy is a complex domain motivated by a range of social, cultural, political and economic issues. The Council of Australian Governments 'closing

Esta investigación se centra en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) de las compañías tabacaleras con el objetivo de responder si estas compañías usaron las iniciativas de RSC en Colombia como una estrategia para mejorar la imagen corporativa y contrarrestar su mala reputación, como parte de su estrategia para evitar mayores avances en la regulación. Utilicé un análisis de datos cualitativos para procesar los documentos disponibles en sus páginas de internet oficiales y en los principales medios de comunicación nacionales entre el 2008 y el 2011. La conclusión más importante es que las compañías tabacaleras aparecen como un socio estratégico dentro de los esfuerzos de desarrollo del país, con dos posibles objetivos: mejorar su imagen y ganar influencia en procesos políticos. Se hace necesario considerar de manera especial estas estrategias a la luz del alcance de la prohibición al patrocinio y promoción que tiene la industria. ; This research focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by tobacco companies in order to answer whether these companies used CSR initiatives in Colombia as a strategy to enhance the corporate image and counter their bad reputation, as part of its strategy to prevent further advances in regulation. I used a qualitative data analysis to process the documents available on its official internet pages and major national media between 2008 and 2011. The most important conclusion is that the tobacco companies appear as a strategic partner in efforts for development of the country, with two possible objectives: to improve their image and gain influence in political processes. It is necessary to consider these strategies especially in light of the scope of the ban to sponsorship and promotion that the industry has.

In recent years, employer-centered explanations of welfare state development have begun to challenge conventional labor-centered and state-centered explanations. These new explanations suggest that sector-specific business interests and cross-class alliances propelled the adoption and expansion of social programs (the business interests thesis). This article presents a novel explanation of differences in business support for welfare state expansion based on a diachronic analysis of the German case and shadow case studies of Sweden and the United States. The article suggests that when looking at changes in employers' positions across time rather than across sectors, political constraints turn out to be the central factor explaining variation in employers' support for social reforms (the political accommodation thesis). The article identifies two goals of business intervention in welfare state development: pacification and containment. In the case of pacification, business interests propel social policy expansion; in the case of containment, they constrain it. Business chooses pacification when revolutionary forces challenge capitalism and political stabilization thus becomes a priority. Business chooses containment when reformist forces appear likely to succeed in expanding social protection and no revolutionary challenge exists. The article shows that changes over time in the type of political challenges that business interests confront best explain the variation in business support for labor-friendly social reforms. (World Politics / SWP)

El presente artículo es una aproximación analítica de un trabajo interdisciplinario realizado en 2012. El propósito es repensar en pautas generales para el desarrollo de productos orientados a abastecer determinados medicamentos en la política estatal. En ese sentido, el marco teórico que se pretende desarrollar radica en la tensión entre el modelo formal con el que habitualmente se diseña en la industria farmacéutica y las diferencias y regularidades propias de una construcción de conceptos propios para la tarea social que desarrolla el Estado. La hipótesis fundamental se sostiene en la idea de que las diferencias de orden político-ideológicas determinan también líneas de intervención específicas del diseñador. ; This article is an analytical approach to an interdisciplinary work carried out in 2012. The purpose is to rethink general guidelines for the development of products aimed at supplying certain drugs in state policy. In this sense, the theoretical framework that is intended to be developed lies in the tension between the formal model with which it is usually designed in the pharmaceutical industry and the differences and regularities inherent in the construction of own concepts for the social task carried out by the State. The fundamental hypothesis is based on the idea that political-ideological differences also determine specific lines of intervention for the designer. ; Facultad de Artes

In this study, we focus on the relationship between Internet social networks and societal change by examining case studies of the impact of Internet-based campaigns in Iran. Ivan Illich's theory of Conviviality of Tools enables an analysis of the conviviality of the Internet. Subsequently, this conceptual lens is used to examine empirical data from two Internet-based campaigns. The paper contributes theoretical and practical implications regarding conviviality of Internet social networks and the accomplishment of conviviality in society. Our findings show that Internet conviviality cannot be treated as an independent variable with deterministic outcomes on society, but as a technology that is shaped by ongoing economic and political forces. The Iranian Internet social networks are not universally accessible, frequently induce fragmented, nonsensical, and enraged discussion and its potential as a tool of liberation is tempered by the Iranian government adaption of systems of surveillance and censorship. We argue that the findings of this study have some general implications of value to researchers studying computerisation movements and Internet social networks in other countries. © 2010 JIT Palgrave Macmillan.

The subject of the research is the challenges of the digital economy for the employment sector in Russia. The need to reduce costs in the face of a deteriorating situation in the global economy is a factor in accelerating the digital transformation of employment in the country. The transformation is carried out through the automation of the main business processes, as well as through the development of platform employment formats. Specific features of the process of digital transformation of employment form the shape of the development of the Russian labor market in the post- Soviet period. Its main factor was the country's entry into the global system of division of labor, which led to the formation of the modern structure of employment. The economy of Russia, recognized as raw material, turned out to be "commercial" in terms of employment, since it was this industry that created the bulk of jobs during that period. The commerce sector, which had high growth potential in the early 1990s in Russia, provided jobs for all those labor resources that were released from the industry. However, at the moment this source has been exhausted. Digitalization threatens the most labor-intensive sectors of the Russian economy. Commerce turns out to be the first industry to undergo automation and digitalization of jobs. At the same time, the most massive professions (accountants, bank employees, HR specialists, salesmen, cashiers, couriers, security guards, secretaries, packers, call center workers, drivers) are under the threat of "disappearance", while new ones in demand by the market are more likely "unique" and they are mostly associated with robotization, digitalization and biotechnology. The unmet demand for these professions is a reflection of the complexities of training highly qualified interdisciplinary specialists and not a physical shortage of labor resources, and this is a serious challenge for the vocational education system. The study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the processes taking place in the social and labor sphere in Russia, to create a conceptual basis for the development of a socio-economic policy of the state that adequately responds to the challenges of the digitalization of the economy. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project "Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation" supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).

At the end of the 20th Century, the global diffusion of economic neoliberalism represents, seen from diverse perspectives, the outcome of a communicative overlapping between the economic system and the political system. This overlapping is equivalent to a functional intrasparency, which generates paradoxes of democracy as the depoliticisation and exclusion phenomena when facing inclusion expectations, as occurs in the peripheries of the world. Depoliticisation, in fact, appears as a paradox of democratic systems closely related to the development of the technocratic practices and the enhancement of the bureaucratic apparatus. One of the characteristics of technocracy is that it lies on the assumption that great decisions are of technical nature, not political. If great decisions may be taken by means of technical instruments, it means that there is no longer need for 'professional politicians', and even less need for people's participation. Technocracy and burocracy converge above the traditional sphere reserved to politics. The consequence of this convergence is, in fact, depoliticisation. In other words, there is a relation between technocracy, burocracy and ideological crises. Hence, the more technical the decision-making process, the more burocratized will the process of power be, and the more deideologized will the process of fundamental choices be. Populist movements thus describe the effect of the attempt of providing responses to the issues of modern society, to the extent in which the economic value becomes the only discriminating variable between what is correct and what is wrong (what is economically pointless must be discarded) and it actually move the decisional process away from the political sphere, enhancing the differences between the center and the periphery, between inclusion and exclusion. In the light of such trends, which have become extensively resilient in the systems, how can the process of functional specification of social systems (economics, politics) be implemented in the peripheries of modernity? If trust in the political system lessens vis à vis problem-solving capabilities, how the consequent uncertainty be absorbed? This essay aims to describing the extent in which the depoliticisation process can compensate for the pressure put on expectations against inclusion values. The theme is tackled with an outlook that stems from the epistemological mutation of globalization and, consequently, from the resolution of the traditionally axial center/periphery pattern, and focuses on the analysis of peripheries that come into play as the protagonists of the two-way relationship with their center, albeit the unusual democratic participation, yet to be interpreted.

Physiotherapy is a social and ethical practice which unfolds under specific historical, political, socio-cultural and economic circumstances. Danish physiotherapy in a private context is practiced, administered and managed within a neoliberal ideology which generates challenges for both physiotherapists and their patients. This thesis aims to explore how physiotherapy in a Danish private context socially and ethically is practiced from the perspective of physiotherapists. The thesis, which consists of four parts, is based on the same empirical material consisting of interviews with twenty-one physiotherapists and observation notes on the physical environments. The specific research aims in the studies have successively been developed through different epistemological approaches and analysis strategies. The main findings show that physiotherapists in Danish private practice have a general interest in ethics which primarily is based on personal common sense arguments and intuitive feelings of ethics. The physiotherapists' practices are ethically grounded which are shown in many situations. Their consciousness on ethical issues is discursively constructed in the first sessions as these sessions arouse both ethical and economic considerations to keep the client. Further ethical issues arise when the physiotherapists' clientele are regarded as being at risk: in the meetings with the so-called 'difficult' patients as these situations do not just flow, they require ethical reflections and pedagogical strategies in order to keep them in the business. Beneficence is seen as the core value and as having importance in different relationships: towards the patient, the physiotherapists themselves and their businesses. To secure beneficence a paternalistic approach emerges towards the patient, where disciplining the patient into their 'regimes of truth' becomes a crucial element of practice in order to exploit the politically defined frames for optimising profit, showing how being beneficent seem to be led by structures of the neoliberal ideology which work behind the backs of the physiotherapists. Physiotherapy private practice in Denmark seems to reproduce the Western medical logic and practices whereby the physiotherapists unconsciously oppose their own political intentions to be an autonomous profession. Thus, physiotherapy in private practice inscribes itself as a 'wanna-be' profession. The thesis has several limitations as it built solely on Danish physiotherapists' articulations of their practices, their understandings of these and the researcher's observation notes. This means that choosing a specific context for the thesis the findings can only be transferred to similar contexts and neither to other private or public physiotherapeutic contexts in Denmark nor to other Western countries.

An attempt is made to explain the recent profound changes in Eastern Europe by using a differentiated concept of social rationalization. Obstacles in the way of the increasing rationality of collective action are identified, along with tensions inherent in the changing relationships both between the rationality of actors & structures & between substantial & instrumental rationality. Also considered are the time dimension of change & relationships between knowledge & practical action. It is concluded that the current rationalization of Eastern European societies represents an adaptation to global social trends, although intense tensions & conflicts make deviations from patterns of rationality quite possible. 10 References. Modified AA

Introduction. Social Work is currently facing the significant challenge of dealing with social networking sites – which have become a parallel universe of socialisation – in which ever-increasing digital activism is taking place. The #MeToo movement stands out as a global benchmark. It has established itself as a digital-global feminist movement, fighting harassment and the abuse of women. Methodology. Adopting a social work perspective, a longitudinal analysis was performed of the #MeToo movement on Twitter between 2018-2019 based on social network analysis and netnography, in conjunction with specific algorithms. Results. The results showed significant patterns of sorority, homophily and affective polarisation through the echo chambers and filter bubbles that were identified in the detected Twitter communities. Furthermore, these online communities reflected real offline characteristics (geographical location, affinities, similarities). Discussion and conclusions. The #MeToo movement's global effect and durability has led to a new understanding of social movements in the digital era. Social workers must not be blind to the exciting digital opportunities arising from digitalisation. They must combat homophily and the polarisation of global society on social networking sites, promoting values oriented towards tolerance of diversity. Practitioners must show awareness and intervene proactively in global digital spheres to understand, reflect and promote social justice, equality of rights and the empowerment of disadvantaged, vulnerable and oppressed people.

The concept of work&ndash ; life balance has recently established itself as a key component on route maps drawn up in the pursuit of social sustainability, both on a local scale, represented by individual organizations, and on a more general one, represented by global institutions such as the United Nations. Our article analyzes telework&rsquo ; s use as a political tool within organizations that either boost or hinder the development of social sustainability. Additionally, we propose the notion of &ldquo ; life sustainability&rdquo ; to analyze how female teleworkers describe the link between specific work cultures and the possibility of fulfilling social sustainability goals in local work environments through the achievement of a good work&ndash ; life balance. Our research was performed following a qualitative approach, drawing from a sample of 24 individual interviews and 10 focus groups with a total of 48 participants, all of which are female teleworkers with family responsibilities. Our main findings allow us to summarize the interviewees&rsquo ; social perceptions into two categories, which we have dubbed &lsquo ; life sustainability ecologies&rsquo ; and &lsquo ; presence-based ecologies&rsquo ; . We conclude by discussing female teleworkers&rsquo ; claim that work&ndash ; life balance is directly linked to social sustainability and that the latter goal will remain out of reach as long as the issue of balance goes unresolved.