Suchergebnisse

In human rights discourse, victims and perpetrators are usually referred
to as two completely separate and homogenous sets of people. This article
challenges this discrete and binary approach to these concepts. Through
an analysis of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission,
especially its final report, the article demonstrates that the reality
of many post-conflict situations is more complex. More often than not,
within the group of victims, not all victims are the same. Similarly,
within the group of perpetrators, not all perpetrators are the same;
and the two groups are rarely separate and distinct: some individuals are
both victims and perpetrators. The article concludes with some thoughts
on the implications of this research for understanding the challenges
of reconciliation in South Africa.

This paper investigates the intensification of the scope of migrant theology by forced removals in the 1960s and 1970s in South Africa. Forced removals in South Africa were carried out by the white government, especially in the late 1950s and 1960s, with the support of the white churches (particularly white Afrikaans churches) underpinned by a series of laws which entrenched racial segregation and inequality and which led to millions of black peoples being forced to leave their ancestral land and white cities to live in barren and overcrowded places. The policy of forced removals accompanied by its resultant reprisals led to a mass exodus of many black people going to settle in the neighbouring countries either to join the arms struggle or further their studies abroad. Those who remained in the country were forced to resist the policy either through violent protest or peaceful resistance. The policy led to black people developing theologies of survival in the country of their birth since they were exposed to a condition of poverty, exploitation and alienation from their cultural heritage, while ensuring exclusive privileges to whites in the country. The paper seeks to investigate how the migrants developed a theology of resistance amidst their dislocation and the heavy-handedness of the government.

South Africa has been plagued by rising incidences of stock theft for decades. However, it is now evolving and perpetrated by organised syndicates rather than only petty thieves, the continuous demands for livestock aid to the manifestation of this crime. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate current legislative frameworks and available structures for policing stock theft in South African rural communities. This qualitative study adopted the non-empirical research design: Systematic review, supported by the evaluative research objective, while closely looking at recent South African reputable reports on this subject, restricted from 2000-2021 (Not in sequence) for data collections. The inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was employed for data analysis. The persistent nature of this problem poses serious threats to food security and livelihood development for the rural livestock farmers, as well as the commercial ones. It was clear that the legislative frameworks and structures for policing stock theft in South African rural communities are of the utmost importance to curb this crime. However, from a number of reported stock theft cases, the effectiveness of legislations and standing structures is highly questioned. Therefore, successful sustainable stock theft prevention strategies should consists of close and concerted partnership-based collaborations, interactions and information exchanges, based on enhancing legislative frameworks. This can offer additions, amendments, corrections, incorporating and re-drafting of 'new sections' of the existing Acts to improve their deterrent efforts.

Early European explorers & colonists, on their arrival in Africa, erected linguistic & other boundaries in order to make the African world comprehensible within their existing structure of knowledge. Strongly influenced by positivism, they believed these borders to be objective products of science. Social scientists have built on their classification of languages & ethnic groups. However, much of what the early experts viewed as scientifically defined, & hence objective, was in fact based on social & political considerations. This process is illustrated through a description of the use of the Tsonga language in Christian evangelism in Basutoland in eastern South Africa.

Transition to a cost effective and fossil carbon-free energy system is imminent for South Africa, so is the mitigation of issues associated with the 'water-energy nexus' and their consequent impacts on the climate. The country's key fossil carbon mitigation option lies in the energy sector, especially in shifting away from the coal-dependent power system. Pathways towards a fully decarbonised and least cost electricity system are investigated for South Africa. The energy transition is simulated for five scenarios, assessing the impact of various factors such as sector coupling, with and without greenhouse gas (GHG) emission costs. South Africa's energy transition is simulated using an hourly resolved model until 2050. This modelling approach synthesises and reflects in-depth insights of how the demand from the power sector can be met. The optimisation for each 5-year time period is carried out based on assumed costs and technological status until 2050. The modelling outcomes reveal that solar PV and wind energy, supplying about 71% and 28% of the demand respectively in the Best Policy Scenario for 2050, can overcome coal dependency of the power sector. The levelised cost of electricity increases just slightly from 49.2 €/MWh in 2015 to 50.8 €/MWh in the Best Policy Scenario, whereas it increases significantly to 104.9 €/MWh in the Current Policy Scenario by 2050. Further, without considering GHG emissions costs, the cost of electricity slightly increases from 44.1 €/MWh in 2015 to 47.1 €/MWh in the Best Policy Scenario and increases up to 62.8 €/MWh in the Current Policy Scenario by 2050. The cost of electricity is 25% lower in the Best Policy Scenario than in the Current Policy Scenario without factoring in GHG emissions costs and further declined to 50% with GHG emissions costs. The Best Policy Scenario without GHG emissions costs led to 96% renewables and the remaining 4% is supplied by coal and gas turbines, indicating pure market economics. The results indicate that a 100% renewable energy system is the least-cost, least-water intensive, least-GHG-emitting and most job-rich option for the South African energy system in the mid-term future. No new coal and nuclear power plants are installed in the least-cost pathway, and existing fossil fuel capacities are phased out based on their technical lifetime. ; Post-print / Final draft

"Love, Sex and Teenage Sexual Cultures in South Africa interrupts the relative silence around teenage constructions of love in South Africa. Against the backdrop of gendifer inequalities, HIV and violence, the book situates teenage constructions of love and romance within the widifer social and cultural context undiferwritten by the histories of apartheid, chronic unemployment, poverty, and the endless struggle to survive. By drawing on focus group discussions with African teenage men and women, the book addresses teenage Africans as active agents, providing a more nuanced picture of their desires and their dilemmas through which sexuality and love are experienced. The chapters in the book conceptualise desiring love, material love, pure love, forced love and fearing love. It argues that love is intrinsically linked to cultural practices and material realities which mold particular formations of teenage masculinities and femininities. This book will be of interest to academics, undifergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in sociology, HIV, health and gendifer studies, development and postcolonial studies and African studies."--Publisher's summary.

"Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, March, 1899." ; At head of title: South Africa. ; British Colonial Office correspondence. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This study examines the effect of government agriculture expenditure on economic growth of three Sub Sahara African SSA countries of Nigeria, South Africa and Ghana from 1980 to 2013. The objective is to analyze the growth effect of three agriculture expenditure variables of Agricultural Raw Material Import ARMI , Agricultural Machinery AMACH , and Real Interest Rate RIR on the economies of these countries Secondary data are sourced from World Development Indicators WDI online Database and analyzed, using Co integration techniques and Vector Error Correction mechanism ECM , at 1 and 5 significance levels. The results indicate that none of the three agriculture proxy variables show significant positive effect on growth but rather insignificant positive effect implying that government agriculture financing has a weak effect on growth in SSA. This study concludes that, the SSA countries' economies still exhibit the potentials for enhanced economic growth in the long run judging from the VECM test results. The study recommends increased budgetary allocations for importation of necessary agricultural equipment and raw materials, as well as tackle the various identified problems of the sector to enhance economic growth. Dr. Michael C. Obialor | Prof. Samuel M. Nzotta | Chinedu Blessing-Mike Obialor "Effect of Government Agriculture Investment on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Nigeria, South Africa and Ghana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2431.pdf

This paper reflects a political scene of the Union of South Africa during the interwar era. During this time the Union had to solve two capital problems. Firstly it was the issue of coexistence of Afrikaner and English-speaking population. Secondly the government had to deal with the matter of native affairs. Time showed which one of these questions was more important for the government to be answered in the first place. There were two politicians who stood out from others with their rhetoric and political opinions: James Hertzog and Jan Smuts. Their decisions were crucial for the Union's interwar policy.

UNDER THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION, AMERICAN POLICY TOWARDS THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA DEMONSTRATED THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT. TO ANALYZE THE CONGRESSIONAL ACTION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, THIS STUDY ANALYZES THE GENESIS, CONTENTS, AND EFFECTS OF THE REAGAN POLICY OF CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT WITH SOUTH AFRICA. IT DOCUMENTS CONGRESSIONAL INITIATIVES TO ALTER AND CHANGE THE POLICY; THE EFFECTS OF CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON THE POLICY, ON THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, AND ON U.S. INTERESTS IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION GENERALLY.