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AbstractThe separation of transnational domestic workers from their kinship households and their inclusion into new ones is a conflict situation that creates social drama. Contradictions in their positions in these two global households highlight this drama, for example, in their contrasting roles as breadwinners in one household and as domestic workers in the other, as transnational mothers and live‐in caregivers, and as international migrants and domestically confined workers. In this article, I employ Erving Goffman's (1959) dramaturgical approach, particularly "contrived" and "real" performances, to examine the everyday performances of migrant workers across time and space, that is, vis‐à‐vis their contradictory roles as breadwinners in their left‐behind kinship households in the Philippines and as "maids" in their co‐residential global households in Singapore, over a period of time. I offer the time‐performance continuum loop as a context explaining the variations of domestic workers' performances. This model captures the initial years of employment as overwhelming the migrants with hardships and poor performances whereas long‐term employment as equipping them with mastery in their performances. My research draws from conventional ethnographic fieldwork among Filipina domestic workers in Singapore, supplemented by a virtual ethnography in an online forum among Singapore employers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of African American nonresident fathers who engaged in parental monitoring and to assess the relationship between engaging in monitoring and race-related socialization with their preadolescent sons on their psychological well-being. We also examined the moderating influences of demographic factors on the effects of a parenting skills intervention for fathers. Methods: Data from the Fathers and Sons Program were used to examine the parenting behaviors and psychological well-being of 287 nonresident African American fathers of 8- to 12-year-old boys. Results: Fathers who were younger, had more education, engaged in race-related socialization, and were less depressed monitored their sons more. Parental monitoring explained additional variance in depressive symptoms, while race socialization was important for understanding personal mastery among fathers in unanticipated ways. Older fathers increased their race socialization behaviors most in the parenting skills intervention, while all fathers enhanced their monitoring ability. Applications: The findings suggest the significance of involving nonresident African American fathers more fully in their children's lives as a way to not only protect their children but also improve men's emotional well-being. The applications of our findings for social work and public health practice are discussed.

The overall picture of the regional legislative members competency both in the regency or in the city of Sukabumi to do their function in legislatory, budgetary, and supervisory showed very critical condition to be well fixed in immediate constructs. The intellectual capacity as well as the standard behavior and technical skills to produce local regulations are still pretty weak. Generally speaking the local legislative members knowledgebility about their three main tasks and functions which are to do with local economic development, local tax and retribution, also the creation of condusive business entrepreneurship climate, all of them have lommed to be very sluggish. More substancially, the mastery of basic competencies to do with the settlement of local budgeting and revenue planning are still being handycap. This research discusses the profile of those of three main synergetic competences of local legislative members in Sukabumi, both the city and the regency. The three main synergetic competences of that of local legislative members cover local-law-legislation, local-development-supervision, and local-budgeting. More specifically, those three main variables of legislative competence were also analyzed by using five parameters of competence which are technical, managerial, strategical, social, and ethical.

Анализируются искусство убеждения и методы речевого воздействия в суде в США в XIX веке. Экспрессивно-эмоциональная сторона языка приобретает в данном случае особое значение. Следует отметить, что для юриста-правоведа безупречное владение нормами языка является одной из первостепенных профессиональных потребностей. Ведь право это не что иное, как устанавливаемая и охраняемая государством совокупность правил и норм поведения, регулирующих общественные отношения между людьми и выражающих волю государства. А формирование и формулировка подобных правил предполагает всестороннее владение различными аспектами языковой культуры. ; The article deals with the analysis of the lawyers' speech in courts of law in the USA of the 19th century. Lawyers' eloquence is regarded as an art of persuasion. The lawyers' rhetoric is studied from different points of view. The power of the lawyers' persuasive eloquence is of great significance, as only due to the perfect knowledge of the standard language the lawyers can help their clients not to be accused of law breaking. Law is nothing else but a verbalized system of rules developed by the government to deal with crime, business agreements, and social relationships. Rules and instructions that tell people what is allowed and what is not allowed to do require a superb mastery of language in general.

Previous longitudinal studies have demonstrated the importance of measuring stability of risk factors over time to correct for attenuation bias. The present aim was to assess the stability of scores for eight psychometric scales over a 2-yr. period and whether stability differed by socioeconomic position. Baseline data were collected during 2003–2004 from 1,007 men and women ages 45 to 69 years. Follow-up data were collected in 2006 from a total of 795 men and women. Analysis showed that stability over 2 yr. was moderate and tended to be lower in groups of low socioeconomic position. It is suggested that correction of attenuation bias is relevant in longitudinal studies for psychosocial factors, especially for groups of low socioeconomic position. ; Tidigare titel: Does 2-year stability of psychosocial factors differ by socioeconomic position? Original Publication: Johanna Lundberg, Nadine Karlsson and Margareta Kristenson, DOES TWO-YEAR STABILITY FOR SCALE SCORES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS DIFFER BY SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION?, 2009, PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS, (105), 3, 1009-1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.F.1009-1022 Copyright: Perceptual and Motor Skills http://www.ammonsscientific.com/ :Test-retest correlations of self-esteem, mastery, perceived control, sense of coherence, cynicism, hopelessness, vital exhaustion and depression in a middle-aged Swedish normal population

This article deals with the problems Foucault's work is faced with when entering its later phase. The analysis of discontinuities in history is replaced by an analysis of continuities in subjectifying sexuality. If in the first part of The History of Sexuality the subject was still the effect of power relations, the latter two parts introduce the possibility of the subject of mastery over pleasures, which can only affect politics through ethics. In analyzing the late Foucault & two contemporary authors inspired by his work, namely Judith Butler & Giorgio Agamben, we assert that Foucault's project encounters difficulties precisely at the point where it is supposed to be the strongest: thinking the ruptures & the excesses in both the flux of power relations as well as on the level of the singularity of enjoyment. Why can he not cope with this in a different manner than by animating the antique subject of "the care of the self," which searches for its consistency in self-control? Instead of resorting to the virtues of moderation, why does he not rather deal with the problems of the discontinued subject with the construction of a subject that would subjectify the discontinuity itself? Adapted from the source document.

Throughout the twentieth century, as literary texts circulated through high-school and college classrooms, reading became a specialized skill. Especially with the dominance of the "new criticism" in the 1930s, literature acquired an autonomous life as "text," demanding intensive "close reading" of its verbal complexity and formal coherence as an aesthetic object. Beginning in the 1970s, with the proliferation of programs devoted to African-American culture, gender studies, sexuality studies, and ethnic studies programs, the literary canon became more diverse. In the mid-1980s new historicism helped push aesthetic formalism further from the agenda of literary education in the university, promoting new interest in historical contexts even as psychoanalytic, deconstructive, and reader-response approaches continued to fetishize "textuality" as their primary object of inquiry. Whatever the vagaries of theory, method, and subdisciplinary turf battles through which scholars have wandered over the last few decades, we have remained in our professional practices of reading and teaching committed to a hermeneutics of interpretation. Even as scholars developed arguments about history or culture, the teaching and criticism of literature has continued to rely on the institutional and psychological isolation of reading, as an individual exercise in mastery of the text fostered by silence and solitude.

AbstractWhile much has been written about resurgent Islamic movements in recent decades, the proliferation of religious reading circles has received little attention. Few studies delineate the specifics of audience engagement with authoritative Islamic texts on the ground. This paper is a small attempt at such an inquiry in the context of Bangladesh. It investigates a particular Islamist Qur'anic study session conducted in Dhaka in 2003. Such reading sessions are routinely conducted within Bangladesh Islamic Chatri Sangstha (BICSa), the leading Islamic organization of women students in Bangladesh. I suggest that BICSa reading sessions embody spaces of both deliberation and discipline. In analysing a group discussion of a set of Qur'anic verses widely assigned for study within BICSa, particularly in relation to the central Islamist notion of 'belief', this paper argues that reading circles play a primary role in the production of a uniquely disciplined and devout, yet modern Islamist subjectivity in Bangladesh. A study circle familiarizes a lay Bangladeshi with specific kinds of religious literature and teaches them to understand and shape contemporary realities via scriptural injunctions. However, this inculcation process is not linear: The mastery of the Qur'anic literature enables both devotion to and contestation of BICSa precepts.

Social integration of refugees is a concept that connotes ideas of enjoying the opportunities, rights and services available to the citizens of the refugees' new community. This thesis examines the problems and process of social integration of Congolese refugees in one of the southern towns of Norway. This research mainly aimed at finding out whether Congolese refugees are socially well-integrated; and establishing factors that contribute to their integration or lack of it. Based on the expression of social integration theories, this research has used qualitative methods through interviews and document analysis. Results have shown that some Congolese refugees are socially integrated in the Norwegian community. Findings indicate that the mastery of the Norwegian language and the ability to establish social network with Norwegians citizens are the momentous factor to refugees' integration. This study suggest that the service in charge of refugee should develop a mechanism to ensure that refugees are given enough psychological assistance due to the fact that a good number of them have experienced such serious traumatic situations that financial and/or material assistance alone do not suffice for them to feel socially integrated in this new community.

Recibido 12 de julio 2007 • Aprobado 15 de octubre 2007 Este ensayo muestra la realidad de los pueblos indígenas costarricenses en cuanto al dominio y promoción de su lengua original y la forma en que esta se toma en cuenta en los planes de estudio que se imparten en las escuelas de estas comunidades. Se afirma que el proceso educativo se desarrolla ajeno a la realidad idiomática y cultural de estos pueblos, y aun cuando se han realizado esfuerzos ministeriales, tienen debilidades que impiden avances significativos. Como resultado de estas deficiencias se genera un debilitamiento cultural que puede culminar con la pérdida de las lenguas nativas. ; This essay shows the reality of Costa Rican indigenous groups in terms of the mastery and promotion of their original tongue and the way this has been taken into account in the design of the curricula of their schools. In general, it is discussed that the educational process is developed disengaged of the idiomatic and cultural reality of these groups, even tough government efforts have been made in this direction. As a result of this educational deficiency, a cultural decline is generated that might end up with the loss of native languages.

P.J. Drooglever, Een daad van vrije keuze. De Papoea's van westelijk Nieuw-Guinea en de grenzen van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht (Amsterdam, Den Haag 2005). Marginality, morality, and the nationalist impulse: Papua, the Netherlands and Indonesia: a review articleDrooglever's large and detailed analysis of the course of 'West New Guinea problem' demonstrates a mastery of sources and of the skills of synthesis, and will certainly become the definitive work on the subject. The book may be read at many levels, as a story of Dutch imperial decline and diplomatic failure, of Indonesian powerlessness, and of Papuan victimhood, as the Dutch refused to concede New Guinea, attempted to develop an indigenous Papuan political capacity, and were finally overwhelmed by a combination of Indonesian determination and the changing circumstances of international politics. The book's greatest weakness, just like the post-war Dutch policy which is its subject, is its failure to appreciate the strength, depth and moral force of Indonesian nationalism, something reflected not only in the one-sided moral tone of the book, but also in its failure to analyse Indonesian sources and attitudes with sufficient seriousness. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Een daad van vrije keuze' (P.J. Drooglever).

Three forms of narrative heuristics are identified and explored in the search for political inclusiveness, robustness, and legitimacy: (1) environmental topics: toxics and the need for second-order or reflexive institutions of modernization; water and the need for getting beyond zero-sum games; urban public goods and infrastructures; medical services and distributed care; animals and biodiversity and the need to pay attention to feedback that signals our inability to achieve perfect control and hence dependence on one another; (2) perspectival topoi: single-eyed stories of identity, ownership, interest, and mastery; double-voiced stories of mutual recognition, sub-versions, and alternative realities; and triangulated stories of polyvocal, interactive, risk-taking experimentalism; (3) processual narratives of structural transformation: political economies (agrarian, industrial, and postindustrial), second-order modernization and biopolitical forms of governance from societies of discipline to societies of control or regulation (by codes, flows, distributed feedback, desubjugated knowledges, and capillaries of micropower); ecological feedback systems ; and new grammars of multitude or modes of enhanced self-organized civil society coordination that can either work around governments and bureaucracies or can create public spheres from which to address and pressure government.1

Si el siglo XX fue llamado con justicia el "siglo del giro lingüístico" -por las importantes aportaciones de la semiótica, el estructuralismo, la filosofía analítica y la deconstrucción-, es perceptible que el siglo XXI se orienta hacia una reversión de esa tendencia y busca nuevos fundamentos en lo social, lo político y lo metafísico. El teatro argentino de los últimos quince años ha dado señales de esta evolución, Entre los creadores responsables de ese cambio sobresale Rafael Spregelburd (Buenos Aires, 1970), quien ha concretado una producción dramatúrgica amplia –casi treinta títulos- y brillante, cuya escritura revela el manejo de diversos saberes teatrales. If the XX Century was rightfully called the "century of the linguistic turn" – due to the important contributions of semiotics, structuralism, analytic philosophy and deconstruction – it is noticeable that the XXI Century is oriented toward a reversion of that trend and searches for new sociological, political and metaphysical foundations. In the last fifteen years, Argentine theatre has shown signs of this evolution. Outstanding among the creative talents responsible for that change is Rafael Spregelburd (Buenos Aires, 1970), who has produced an ample and brilliant wealth of playwriting – nearly thirty titles – whose writing reveals the mastery of diverse theatrical "knowledges".

A string of important articles over the years has established Joel Robbins at the forefront of the anthropological study of Christianity. Although his long awaited book draws on these earlier publications, it presents a powerful and sustained argument that is far greater than the sum of its parts. It is hard to think of another recent work in the anthropology of Christianity, or even of religion more generally, that displays such a command of local knowledge in tandem with so broad and secure a mastery both of social theory and the history of religious doctrine. Moreover, counter to the particularistic tendency of some cultural anthropology today, this book forthrightly lays the groundwork for further comparative research. It is also an exemplary piece of ethnographic and historical writing. Although the volume is long and well documented, every detail works for the analysis. Robbins writes in language so clear, measured, and intellectually sober that those whose palates have become accustomed to the harsher spices and artificial flavorings so often served up in the name of cultural theory may miss its significance. They should not: this is a monumental book with which all subsequent writers on religious conversion, culture theory, social transformation, and globalization should have to contend.

Digital collaborations are often stymied because institutions of higher education are increasingly divided between two cultures: the culture of knowledge and the culture of information. Campuses primarily remain institutions of knowledge, although practices of information acquisition can no longer be ignored, especially since the advent of networked computing and study with digital texts. Yet the traditional division of labor and the ownership of intellectual property within the academy are threatened by digital collaborations; and the claims of information theory, which is associated with epistemologies of uncertainty and probability, challenge conservative ideologies of university culture. As a result, policies for the development of hybrid instruction and digital archives are often dictated by "Virtualpolitik," or the Realpolitik of virtual institutions, in lieu of a long-term vision for meaningful institutional change. This paper examines four Internet-based initiatives designed to improve cross-campus teaching and learning in California public universities - MERLOT, CPR, UCWRITE, and SPIDER - and argues that effective programs with lasting legacies take advantage of a "bazaar" rather than a "cathedral" development model and incorporate meaningful "information literacy" objectives that go beyond the mastery of particular terms and tools.