Construction and demolition (C&D) waste generation is considered to be one of the real problems in the construction industry (CI) today. This is because of its direct negative impacts on the efficiency of the CI in addition to the environment. Because the CI is depending on environmental resources, it can't keep on practicing if these sources are being depleted, therefore the significance of waste management innovation on-site such as separation, processing and re-use of C&D waste is vital to bring forth significant social, economic and environmental benefits over traditional methods. The CI takes an important part in the economy of developing countries, such as Lebanon. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the behavioral determinants effecting on-site C&D waste management innovation (OC&DWMI) decisions. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was distributed between different contractors within the Lebanese CI. A preliminary theoretical model that integrates two key behavioral decision-making theories was developed based on the theory of planned behavior and innovation diffusion theory with additional significant constructs. Structural Equation Modelling was used for data analysis, model modification, and hypothesis testing. A conceptual framework was developed showing the most significant factors. Whereas the results of the final model show that behavioral intention concerning OC&DWMI and governmental supervision are the most significant factors affecting the adoption decisions of OC&DWMI. So governments should impose specific regulations and guidelines regarding OC&DWMI with comprehensive supervision and strict punishment system, in addition to the help of R&D institutions and professional associations in increasing the behavioral intention regarding OC&DWMI to achieve its adoption. ; ÖZ: İnşaat ve yıkımdaki (İY) atık üretiminin günümüz inşaat sektörünün (İS) gerçekl sorunlardan biri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bunun nedeni çevreye ilaveten İS'nün etkinliği üzerinde doğrudan olumsuz etkileri olmasıdır. İS, çevresel kaynaklara bağlı olduğu için, bu kaynaklar tükenirse uygulamaya devam edilemez, bu nedenle, İY'daki atıkların ayrılması, işlenmesi ve tekrar kullanımı gibi sahadaki atık yönetimi inovasyonunun önemi, geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla önemli sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel yararlar sağlamak için hayati öneme sahiptir. İS, Lübnan gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu tezin amacı, sahadaki İY atık yönetimi inovasyonu (SİYAYİ) kararlarını etkileyen davranışsal etkenlerin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, Lübnan İS'ndeki farklı yükleniciler arasında bir anket formu dağıtıldı. İki önemli davranışsal karar verme kuramını bütünleştiren ön teorik model, planlanmış davranış teorisi ve inovasyon yayılım teorisine dayanılarak ilave önemli düzenlerle geliştirilmiştir. Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, veri analizi, model modifikasyonu ve hipotez testi için kullanılmıştır. En önemli faktörleri gösteren bir kavramsal çerçeve geliştirilmiştir. Son modelin sonuçları, SİYAYİ ve hükümet denetimine ilişkin davranışsal niyetin SİYAYİ 'nin benimsenmesiyle ilgili kararlarını etkileyen en önemli faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, hükümetler, SİYAYİ 'nin benimsenmesini sağlamak için davranış niyetini artırmada Ar-Ge kurumları ve meslek kuruluşlarının yardımına ek olarak, kapsamlı kontrol ve sıkı ceza sistemi ile SİYAYİ ile ilgili özel düzenlemeler ve yönergeler koymalıdır. ; Master of Science in Civil Engineering. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2017. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim Yitmen.
La presente Tesis aborda la problemática del trabajo de los niños colaborando con sus padres en la agricultura en el valle de Huarmey en su relación con su escolaridad. El desarrollo de la investigación se planteó con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo deductivo. La investigación adopta un marco teórico con la teoría de lo Social y la teoría de las Olas de cambio, base para deducir las hipótesis que han guiado la investigación. En relación a una legislación abstracta, internacional y nacional, y al debate sobre el trabajo infantil sin prestar atención a un sustento teórico, la tesis aborda el tema del trabajo infantil en forma concreta y con una base teórica sociológica, La tesis en base a su diseño metodológico, utilizando el método estadístico probabilístico, construyéndose los instrumentos de estructuras cerradas, procesados los datos, se analiza e interpreta la información empírica, aplicando las teorías señaladas. A través de los cuadros estadísticos la tesis demuestra y comprueba que el trabajo realizado por los niños en el valle de Huarmey en apoyo a sus familias, por sus características y condiciones, en que se desarrolla, no genera deserción en las instituciones educativas del valle, ni tiene efectos negativos inherentes a la explotación social. Asimismo, la tesis descubre la casi nula relación de la gestión educativa respecto del trabajo realizado por los niños, que en el valle se desenvuelven como unidades sociales sin nexos necesarios y esenciales, por lo que la influencia de la gestión educativa en la economía familiar de los niños es nula. Palabras claves: Investigación, Sociológia, Trabajo Infantil, y educación. ; --- This thesis attempts to contextualize the problematic of child labor in the valley of Huarmey by examining various socio-economic and cultural aspects. The research was elaborated using the deductive quantitative methodological approach. In order to develop the theoretical framework I made use of three kinds of theories: theoretical framework, Theory of Society and Toffler's Wave Theory, all of them to deduct the hypothesis that has led to conclusions. In relation with abstract legislation, both national and international, debating about children labor without paying too much attention to theoretical sustenance, this work takes children labor in concrete form also uses a sociologic theory. It is set by its methodological design using the probabilistic statistical method building up the instruments of closed structures, processing data, analyzing and interpreting empiric information, using theories previously mentioned. Throughout statistical tables this thesis shows and verifies that my work done on children of Huarmey, supported by their families, by the characteristics and condition that it is developed, do not generate dropping out of school in the valley, neither has negative inherent effects to social exploitation. Furthermore, it discovers that the relationship between the educative management and the job done by the children is almost null, both unwrap as social units without essential and necessary links, as a result the influence of educative management in families economy of the children is null. Keys words: investigation, sociology ,child labor,education. ; Tesis
In this article we focus on the purge carried out by Franco's regime against teachers of the teacher training schools in Andalucía. Our purpose is not only to provide an interpretation of the quantitative data, but to take a closer look at the way that this repressive action affected the personal and working lives of the teachers. In our search for documentary sources we faced a handicap derived from the fact that the files of the teachers affected by the purge were not to be found in the General Archive of the Administration (AGA), where by law they should have been deposited. As a result we were forced to seek out and interpret alternative sources such as those published in the Official Bulletin of the State and the Provinces or those found in the historic archives from the niversities of Malaga, Granada and Seville, where the rectors were responsible for processing the documentation generated by the purging process. With regard to some of the conclusions reached, in the teacher training schools, whereas the ratio of male to female teachers was almost even, the proportion of women that were sanctioned was very low, lower even than their colleagues in secondary school, who were very few, meanwhile more than 34% of men were punished, usually for political reasons, special severity being taken against those actively related with republican politic (mayors, city councillors, deputies, general directors of education,.). Anyway, there are no significant differences with the purge of others educational sectors. ; En este trabajo nos centramos en el estudio de la incidencia que tiene la depuración franquista en el caso concreto del profesorado de las Escuelas Normales de Magisterio Primario de Andalucía. Nuestro propósito no es sólo el de efectuar una interpretación de los datos cuantitativos, sino que prestamos especial atención a la incidencia que esta acción represiva tiene en su vida personal y profesional.En la búsqueda de las fuentes documentales nos hemos encontrado con la dificultad de que los expedientes de depuración del profesorado normalista no se encuentran en el Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), lugar donde legalmente deben estar depositados. Esto nos ha obligado a la localización e interpretación de otras fuentes, como las publicadas en los Boletines Oficiales del Estado y las Provincias y las depositadas en los archivos Históricos de las universidades de Málaga, Granada y Sevilla, dado que son los rectores los responsables de tramitar la documentación generada por el proceso de depuración.Respecto a las conclusiones, en las Escuelas Normales el número de profesoras y profesores es paritario y, sin embargo, la proporción de sancionadas es muy baja, incluso inferior a la de sus compañeras de instituto cuya platilla es mínima, mientras que más del 34 % de los profesores son represaliados, como es habitual, por razones políticas, siendo especialmente duros con aquellos comprometidos activamente con la política republicana (alcaldes, concejales, diputados, directores generales de enseñanza…). De todos modos, no hay unas diferencias muy significativas con la depuración de otros estamentos docentes.
La presente Tesis aborda la problemática del trabajo de los niños colaborando con sus padres en la agricultura en el valle de Huarmey en su relación con su escolaridad. El desarrollo de la investigación se planteó con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo deductivo. La investigación adopta un marco teórico con la teoría de lo Social y la teoría de las Olas de cambio, base para deducir las hipótesis que han guiado la investigación. En relación a una legislación abstracta, internacional y nacional, y al debate sobre el trabajo infantil sin prestar atención a un sustento teórico, la tesis aborda el tema del trabajo infantil en forma concreta y con una base teórica sociológica, La tesis en base a su diseño metodológico, utilizando el método estadístico probabilístico, construyéndose los instrumentos de estructuras cerradas, procesados los datos, se analiza e interpreta la información empírica, aplicando las teorías señaladas. A través de los cuadros estadísticos la tesis demuestra y comprueba que el trabajo realizado por los niños en el valle de Huarmey en apoyo a sus familias, por sus características y condiciones, en que se desarrolla, no genera deserción en las instituciones educativas del valle, ni tiene efectos negativos inherentes a la explotación social. Asimismo, la tesis descubre la casi nula relación de la gestión educativa respecto del trabajo realizado por los niños, que en el valle se desenvuelven como unidades sociales sin nexos necesarios y esenciales, por lo que la influencia de la gestión educativa en la economía familiar de los niños es nula. Palabras claves: Investigación, Sociológia, Trabajo Infantil, y educación. ; --- This thesis attempts to contextualize the problematic of child labor in the valley of Huarmey by examining various socio-economic and cultural aspects. The research was elaborated using the deductive quantitative methodological approach. In order to develop the theoretical framework I made use of three kinds of theories: theoretical framework, Theory of Society and Toffler's Wave Theory, all of them to deduct the hypothesis that has led to conclusions. In relation with abstract legislation, both national and international, debating about children labor without paying too much attention to theoretical sustenance, this work takes children labor in concrete form also uses a sociologic theory. It is set by its methodological design using the probabilistic statistical method building up the instruments of closed structures, processing data, analyzing and interpreting empiric information, using theories previously mentioned. Throughout statistical tables this thesis shows and verifies that my work done on children of Huarmey, supported by their families, by the characteristics and condition that it is developed, do not generate dropping out of school in the valley, neither has negative inherent effects to social exploitation. Furthermore, it discovers that the relationship between the educative management and the job done by the children is almost null, both unwrap as social units without essential and necessary links, as a result the influence of educative management in families economy of the children is null. Keys words: investigation, sociology ,child labor,education. ; Tesis
Fisheries have a long history of being the economic backbone of the coastal and island communities that dot the coastline of Newfoundland and Labrador. The policies and management structure that guide resource use in the province have had, and will continue to have, an impact on those communities. The Fishing Policies and Island Community Development project set out to examine these impacts in two areas (Anchor Point and Fogo and Change Islands) and also to explore how these communities have responded to and even influenced these policies, management structures and impacts. Brief comparisons are also made to findings from a related research project in three island fishing communities in Maine. The study drew from bodies of literature in Archipelagic Island Studies and Comanagement. The research involved secondary data and document review as well as 28 interviews conducted with government and community representatives in 2012. A series of knowledge mobilization activities have also been undertaken, including a project web page, presentations and feedback on initial results obtained at a fall 2012 symposium dedicated to fisheries and community research on the west coast of Newfoundland, and a forum scheduled for Fogo Island and Change Islands in May 2014. The collapse of the groundfishery in the 1990's, coupled with the rise of snow crab and shrimp fisheries, has influenced how communities respond to changes in the fishery. Policies of importance to communities have included those related to licensing, quotas and other methods of controlling and limiting catch, rationalization, processing and marketing and recreational/food fisheries. The two regions focused upon in this study, Fogo Island/Change Islands and Anchor Point and area, have been active players in influencing how fisheries policies and management decisions and other measures impact their communities. Fogo Island and Change Islands share the presence of the Fogo Island Co-operative, Ltd., for example. The Fogo Island Co-operative operates facilities on Fogo Island and has also operated the community-owned fish plant on Change Islands. The Co-operative is joined by the more recent development of Shorefast Foundation, which plays a role in promoting stewardship, experimentation with alternative gear types, and development of new high value markets for island seafood products, particularly cod. Anchor Point shrimp harvesters, in addition to the rest of the 4R fleet, have participated in a voluntary late start to their fishery, delaying the opening of their season to May 1st from April 1st. Entering new fisheries, vessel upgrades and travelling for employment in other sectors have been additional strategies employed. Community quotas were also suggested in both regions. We found that these communities, while threatened by changes in the fishery and Newfoundland economy more broadly, have innovative ways of responding to changes in two key ways: 1) working within the existing management structure (as the 4R harvesters did) to influence local applications of fisheries policy, and 2) creating news way to buy, sell, and market their catch (as the Fogo Island Co-operative and Shorefast Foundation have done). Local governments and community organizations have also lobbied for policy change but the impacts of these efforts are less evident in a system that remains largely driven by centralized decision-makers.
Questa tesi è composta di tre saggi collegati relativi a povertà, distribuzione del reddito e stato di nutrizione dei bambini in Uganda. Il primo saggio intitolato "Poverty reduction and Income Distribution Impacts of Exogenous Policy Shocks in Uganda: A Social Accounting Matrix Perspective" analizza come e quali settori ed agenti economici sarebbero maggiormente colpiti da shock esogeni di politica economica che abbiano l'obiettivo della crescita economica, distribuzione del reddito e della riduzione della povertà. La metodologia applicata in questo studio è un modello di equilibrio economico generale - il modello del moltiplicatore della Matrice di Contabilità Sociale (SAM)- basato sulla SAM Ugandese del 2002. Il secondo saggio intitolato "Measurement of Multidimensional Child Poverty in Uganda" utilizza indicatori antropometrici ed un indicatore composito della ricchezza famigliare come misure del benessere dei bambini e applica l'approccio del Dual Cutoff e Counting proposto da Alkire e Foster (2007, 2011) per costruire un indice multidimensionale della povertà infantile in Uganda. Il terzo saggio, intitolato "The Relationship Between Maternal Autonomy and Child Stunting in Uganda" utilizza utilizza misure di autonomia femminile quali la libertà di movimento per visitare la famiglia ed i parenti, il potere decisionale nel fare cospicue spese familiari e giornaliere e l'atteggiamento femminile verso l'abuso fisico e verbale per analizzare la relazione tra autonomia femminile e rachitismo infantile in Uganda. I dati per i saggi 2 e 3 provengono dall'Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) per l'anno 2006. I risultati dimostrano che il settore immobiliare, agricolo, commerciale e di trasformazione alimentare sono fondamentali in Uganda; 30% dei bambini sono multidimensionalmente poveri e una bassa autonomia materna è associata al rachitismo. ; The thesis consists of three interrelated essays on poverty, income distribution and child nutritional status in Uganda. The first essay titled "Poverty reduction and Income Distribution Impacts of Exogenous Policy Shocks in Uganda: A Social Accounting Matrix Perspective" asks, how and which sectors and economic agents would be most affected by exogenous policy shocks that target growth, income distribution and poverty reduction? This is answered by a way of a general equilibrium model - the social accounting matrix (SAM)-based multiplier model based on the 2002 Uganda SAM. The second essay titled "Measurement of Multidimensional Child Poverty in Uganda" uses the anthropometric indicators and a household composite wealth indicator as measures of child well-being and applies the Dual Cutoff and Counting approach proposed by Alkire and Foster (2007, 2011) to construct a multidimensional child poverty index for Uganda. The third essay titled "The Relationship Between Maternal Autonomy and Child Stunting in Uganda" uses direct evidence on measures of women's autonomy namely, freedom of movement to visit families or relatives, decisionmaking power on making large household and daily purchases, and women's attitude toward verbal and physical abuse to examine the relationship between maternal autonomy and child stunting in Uganda. Data for essay 2 and 3 were drawn from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) for the year 2006. Results show that key sectors in Uganda are Real estate, Agriculture, Trade and Food processing industries; 30% of children are multidimensionally poor; and low maternal autonomy is associated with stunting.
La Facultad de Farmacia de la US ha comenzado (2009/10) los estudios de "Grado en Farmacia" (1º curso), que irá sustituyendo gradualmente al actual Plan de Estudios de la Licenciatura. Previo a ello, nuestra Facultad ha participado en un Plan Piloto de adaptación al EEES (4 años) que ha supuesto un efectivo entrenamiento para el Profesorado, Alumnado y PAS, en todo lo relativo al EEES. El éxito de esta acción se ha debido a la estrecha colaboración entre la Facultad, considerando tanto todos sus Departamentos como la Dirección del Centro, y el Rectorado de la US. Con objeto de facilitar estas tareas, contamos con la ayuda de Becarios para el Plan Piloto (1/curso). Funciones: colaborar en las iniciativas propuestas por los Profesores Coordinadores de las asignaturas implicadas (1º-4º) relacionadas con el EEES. Entre otras, elaborar y analizar encuestas para recabar información (alumnado y profesorado) sobre el seguimiento del Plan Piloto (visión más completa de la acción). Esta información se traduce en gráficas explicativas que reflejan la evolución del proyecto. Hoy disponemos de material para evaluar la progresión de esta iniciativa. Esto ha facilitado la detección de necesidades previas a la implantación de los nuevos planes de estudio según ECTS. Resultados muy positivos: no sólo ha aumentado el número de actividades destinadas a facilitar el aprendizaje, sino la motivación y mejora en los resultados académicos. El procesamiento de los datos permite hacer una evaluación aproximada de la mejora que ha supuesto la acción, poniendo de manifiesto la efectividad de la experiencia. ; The Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Seville has started (2009/10) the studies of the "Degree in Pharmacy" (EHEA) (1st year), which will gradually replace the actual Plan of Studies. Prior to that, our Faculty has participated in a Pilot Plan for adaptation to the EHEA, which has provided an effective training for teachers, students and PAS, in all matters relating to the EHEA. The success of this action was due to close collaboration between the Faculty, considering all their Departments and its Deanship, and the Government Team of the University of Seville. To facilitate these tasks, we have the help of Scholarship for the Pilot Plan (1/course). Duties: to assist in the initiatives proposed by Professors Coordinators of the subjects, related to the EHEA. Among others, to develop and to analyze surveys to gather information (students and teachers) on the Monitoring of the Pilot. This information is translated into explanatory graphs showing the development of the project. Now, we have material to assess the progression of this initiative. This has facilitated the detection of needs prior to introducing the new Degree according to ECTS. Results are positive: the number of activities to facilitate learning as well as the motivation has been increased; furthermore, it has been improved academic outcomes. The processing of data allows a rough assessment of the improvement that has brought the action, highlighting the effectiveness of the experience.
Remote sensing data available so far were not relevant for the monitoring of land cover and land use changes on a regional scale in areas with a highly fragmented landscape, because of their temporal resolution and their spatial coverage that are too limited. The objectives of this thesis were on the one hand evaluate time series of remote sensing images with a medium spatial resolution for this type of monitoring, and on the other hand to identify and characterize land use changes in intensive farming regions through two indicators, that are the density of vegetation cover in winter and the ratio cereals / grasslands. For this, time series of MODIS images were used on the Brittany region between 2000 and 2008. A complete chain of processing operations was implemented. It includes methods already used on remote sensing images, but that had to be adapted to the MODIS time series, and original methods, including reconstruction of time series. The results show trends as the decrease of grassland at the expense of cereals or the increase of intercropping systems. They also highlight isolated changes as the increase in wheat in 2006 and 2008 and in corn in 2001. The main drivers of land use changes, which are special climatic conditions or changes in agricultural practices depending on the political or socio-economic context, have been identified. The major interest of MODIS images is to identify "hot spots" on a regional scale, i.e. areas that pose a risk to the environment, such as areas without vegetation cover during several years, and during a long period of the year ; Les données de télédétection disponibles jusqu'à présent ne permettaient pas d'envisager un suivi spatio-temporel détaillé de l'occupation et de l'utilisation des sols à l'échelle régionale dans des régions au paysage très fragmenté, en raison de leur résolution temporelle trop faible ou de leur couverture spatiale trop limitée. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d'une part d'évaluer des séries temporelles d'images de télédétection à moyenne résolution spatiale pour effectuer ce type de suivi et d'autre part d'identifier et de caractériser les changements d'usage des terres en région agricole intensive à travers l'évolution de deux indicateurs, le taux de couverture hivernale des sols et le ratio céréales-prairies. Pour cela, des séries temporelles MODIS ont été constituées sur la région Bretagne entre 2000 et 2008. Une chaîne de prétraitements et de traitements complète a été mise en œuvre. Elle comprend des méthodes déjà utilisées sur des images de télédétection, mais qui ont dû être adaptées aux séries temporelles MODIS, et des méthodes originales, notamment pour la phase de reconstruction des séries temporelles. Les résultats montrent des tendances d'évolution comme la diminution des prairies au détriment des céréales ou l'augmentation de l'implantation d'intercultures. Ils mettent aussi en évidence des changements ponctuels comme l'augmentation des céréales en 2006 et 2008 et du maïs en 2001. Les principaux facteurs de changements d'occupation et d'utilisation agricole du sol, qui sont des conditions climatiques particulières ou des changements de pratiques agricoles en fonction du contexte politique ou socio-économique, ont été identifiés
Remote sensing data available so far were not relevant for the monitoring of land cover and land use changes on a regional scale in areas with a highly fragmented landscape, because of their temporal resolution and their spatial coverage that are too limited. The objectives of this thesis were on the one hand evaluate time series of remote sensing images with a medium spatial resolution for this type of monitoring, and on the other hand to identify and characterize land use changes in intensive farming regions through two indicators, that are the density of vegetation cover in winter and the ratio cereals / grasslands. For this, time series of MODIS images were used on the Brittany region between 2000 and 2008. A complete chain of processing operations was implemented. It includes methods already used on remote sensing images, but that had to be adapted to the MODIS time series, and original methods, including reconstruction of time series. The results show trends as the decrease of grassland at the expense of cereals or the increase of intercropping systems. They also highlight isolated changes as the increase in wheat in 2006 and 2008 and in corn in 2001. The main drivers of land use changes, which are special climatic conditions or changes in agricultural practices depending on the political or socio-economic context, have been identified. The major interest of MODIS images is to identify "hot spots" on a regional scale, i.e. areas that pose a risk to the environment, such as areas without vegetation cover during several years, and during a long period of the year ; Les données de télédétection disponibles jusqu'à présent ne permettaient pas d'envisager un suivi spatio-temporel détaillé de l'occupation et de l'utilisation des sols à l'échelle régionale dans des régions au paysage très fragmenté, en raison de leur résolution temporelle trop faible ou de leur couverture spatiale trop limitée. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d'une part d'évaluer des séries temporelles d'images de télédétection à moyenne résolution spatiale pour effectuer ce type de suivi et d'autre part d'identifier et de caractériser les changements d'usage des terres en région agricole intensive à travers l'évolution de deux indicateurs, le taux de couverture hivernale des sols et le ratio céréales-prairies. Pour cela, des séries temporelles MODIS ont été constituées sur la région Bretagne entre 2000 et 2008. Une chaîne de prétraitements et de traitements complète a été mise en œuvre. Elle comprend des méthodes déjà utilisées sur des images de télédétection, mais qui ont dû être adaptées aux séries temporelles MODIS, et des méthodes originales, notamment pour la phase de reconstruction des séries temporelles. Les résultats montrent des tendances d'évolution comme la diminution des prairies au détriment des céréales ou l'augmentation de l'implantation d'intercultures. Ils mettent aussi en évidence des changements ponctuels comme l'augmentation des céréales en 2006 et 2008 et du maïs en 2001. Les principaux facteurs de changements d'occupation et d'utilisation agricole du sol, qui sont des conditions climatiques particulières ou des changements de pratiques agricoles en fonction du contexte politique ou socio-économique, ont été identifiés
Remote sensing data available so far were not relevant for the monitoring of land cover and land use changes on a regional scale in areas with a highly fragmented landscape, because of their temporal resolution and their spatial coverage that are too limited. The objectives of this thesis were on the one hand evaluate time series of remote sensing images with a medium spatial resolution for this type of monitoring, and on the other hand to identify and characterize land use changes in intensive farming regions through two indicators, that are the density of vegetation cover in winter and the ratio cereals / grasslands. For this, time series of MODIS images were used on the Brittany region between 2000 and 2008. A complete chain of processing operations was implemented. It includes methods already used on remote sensing images, but that had to be adapted to the MODIS time series, and original methods, including reconstruction of time series. The results show trends as the decrease of grassland at the expense of cereals or the increase of intercropping systems. They also highlight isolated changes as the increase in wheat in 2006 and 2008 and in corn in 2001. The main drivers of land use changes, which are special climatic conditions or changes in agricultural practices depending on the political or socio-economic context, have been identified. The major interest of MODIS images is to identify "hot spots" on a regional scale, i.e. areas that pose a risk to the environment, such as areas without vegetation cover during several years, and during a long period of the year ; Les données de télédétection disponibles jusqu'à présent ne permettaient pas d'envisager un suivi spatio-temporel détaillé de l'occupation et de l'utilisation des sols à l'échelle régionale dans des régions au paysage très fragmenté, en raison de leur résolution temporelle trop faible ou de leur couverture spatiale trop limitée. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d'une part d'évaluer des séries temporelles d'images de télédétection à moyenne résolution spatiale pour effectuer ce type de suivi et d'autre part d'identifier et de caractériser les changements d'usage des terres en région agricole intensive à travers l'évolution de deux indicateurs, le taux de couverture hivernale des sols et le ratio céréales-prairies. Pour cela, des séries temporelles MODIS ont été constituées sur la région Bretagne entre 2000 et 2008. Une chaîne de prétraitements et de traitements complète a été mise en œuvre. Elle comprend des méthodes déjà utilisées sur des images de télédétection, mais qui ont dû être adaptées aux séries temporelles MODIS, et des méthodes originales, notamment pour la phase de reconstruction des séries temporelles. Les résultats montrent des tendances d'évolution comme la diminution des prairies au détriment des céréales ou l'augmentation de l'implantation d'intercultures. Ils mettent aussi en évidence des changements ponctuels comme l'augmentation des céréales en 2006 et 2008 et du maïs en 2001. Les principaux facteurs de changements d'occupation et d'utilisation agricole du sol, qui sont des conditions climatiques particulières ou des changements de pratiques agricoles en fonction du contexte politique ou socio-économique, ont été identifiés
Die Arbeit setzt sich mit Unterschieden des geldpolitischen Transmissionsprozesses im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auseinander. Dazu wird der Sektor nach der Systematik der BACH-Datenbank der europäischen Kommission in 10 Branchen eingeteilt. An eine kurze Betrachtung der Industrie aus makro- und mikroökonomischer Sicht schließt sich die Beantwortung der ersten Frage an: Reagieren die Industriebranchen unterschiedlich auf geldpolitische Impulse? Monetäre Innovationen werden mit Anstiegen der kurzfristigen Geldmarktzinsen abgebildet. Damit konzentriert sich die Analyse auf die Auswirkungen von restriktiven Maßnahmen. Als Referenzgrößen wurden die Produktion und die Erzeugerpreise ausgewählt. Die Analyse der Auswirkungen auf die Produktionsentwicklung zeigt, dass ein Großteil der Industriezweige erwartungsgemäß mit Rückführungen auf Zinserhöhungen reagiert. Die stärksten Produktionseinbußen ergeben sich hierbei in der Branche Herstellung elektrischer Geräte, in der Grundlegenden Metallverarbeitung und im Industriezweig Metallerzeugnisse mit Maschinenbau. Dagegen sind die in vielen Branchen entdeckten kurzfristigen Preisanstiege auf den ersten Blick ein Rätsel. Denn die Notenbank verfolgt ihre Absicht – nämlich die Stabilisierung der Verbraucherpreise – mit einer restriktiven Ausrichtung, wenn die Preise Gefahr laufen, stärker als zielkonform anzusteigen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse sprechen daher dafür, dass in der kurzen Frist jedoch zusätzlicher Preisdruck auf vorgelagerter Stufe erzeugt wird. Wie können die unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen auf die Branchen erklärt werden? Dieser Frage widmet sich der zweite Hauptblock der Arbeit. In einem ersten Schritt werden die relevanten Transmissionstheorien diskutiert. Die empirische Überprüfung ausgewählter Transmissionstheorien mit Branchendaten hat dabei einige grundlegende Einsichten ans Licht gebracht. Erstens korreliert die Stärke der Outputveränderung deutlich mit der Zinssensitivität der Nachfrage nach den produzierten Gütern der Branche. Zweitens können die beobachteten Preisanstiege vereinzelt mit einer Dominanz der Geldpolitik als Angebotsschock erklärt werden. Zu einem großen Teil bleibt die identifizierte Preisreaktion aber ein Rätsel. Und drittens scheint der Bilanzkanal – zumindest gemäß der hier gewählten Identifikationsstrategie – nicht grundsätzlich geeignet zu sein, die Anpassungsprozesse in den untersuchten Branchen zu erklären. Dies sollte daran liegen, dass dieser Transmissionskanal Bonitätscharakteristika und -veränderungen auf Unternehmensebene als Vehikel der Übertragung sieht. ; The thesis analyzes the different monetary transmission mechanisms in the German manufacturing industry. According to the BACH database of the European Commission, that sector of the economy is divided into ten subsectors. After a quick glance at the manufacturing industry from the microeconomic and macroeconomic points of view, the dissertation tries to answer the first important question: Do the subsectors of the German manufacturing industry respond to monetary impulses in different ways? Monetary innovations are modeled through increases in the short-term money market rates. Hence the analysis concentrates on a restrictive monetary policy. Industrial output and producer prices are chosen as reference data. As expected, output decreases in most subsectors after a restrictive monetary shock. The sectors of electrical and electronic equipment, metal processing and metal article manufacturing show the most significant responses. The observed price increases in most subsectors are puzzling at first sight since the monetary authority tries to reduce inflationary pressures by raising the interest rate level. However, my results indicate that a restrictive monetary policy intensifies price pressure at the industry level in the short run. The second part of my thesis provides possible explanations for the differing reactions in the subsectors. As a first step, the relevant transmission theories are discussed. The empirical investigation of the theories then sheds some light on the transmission process on a subsector level. First, the strength of the subsectors' output reaction correlates significantly with the interest rate sensitivity of subsector demand. Second, the observed price increases can partly be explained by the fact that monetary policy works mainly as supply shock in some subsectors. But the identified price reactions remain largely inexplicable. Third, the balance sheet channel cannot explain the adjustment process of the analyzed subsectors, at least not given the used identification strategy. This could be due to the fact that this theory regards the financial situation on the firm level as a key driver of the monetary policy transmission.
Today Besancon has the highest percentage of green space per inhabitant among France's largest cities. 3/4 of it are made up by the Forêt de Chailluz, a large forest which has maintained its present day extents for over six centuries. Scientific research reporting on the nature and value of its heritage was still to do. One objective of this thesis is to detect, identify and document the history and heritage of this forest, ultimately aiming to its preservation and to inform a large audience about its value. This thesis is also a contribution to a collective thinking worked out in several research programs that develop methods for processing high-resolution altimetry data (LiDAR) to analyze landscape changes over the long term (LIEPPEC), that develop advanced concepts and methods for a better knowledge of socio-environmental dynamics over the long term (ModeLTER) and that explore territorial dynamics at regional scale to transmit results and knowledge to local stakeholders, giving advice on innovative and sustainable actions to support (ODIT). Within this collective framework, my PhD research is a contribution to the development of methods and knowledge for a better understanding of long term interactions between man and its environment. My interdisciplinary study combines archeology, history, geography and forestry and consists in analyzing LiDAR datasets and collecting and synthesizing written and graphical historical archives and recent documents. It also involved extended archaeological field surveys. Thesis provides a global historic perspective on the forest and on the use of wood, as attested by ancient texts or archeological evidence. It exposes diverse viewpoints and concepts carried out about woodland – diversity of uses through time and diversity of viewpoints about forest today. It also outlines specific historic data relating to the Forêt de Chailluz and details the current literature: previously known archaeological data, geographical and environmental information. It describes methodologies chosen to process the research and the main steps of LiDAR data analysis. Study focuses then on a spatial analysis of archeological features that includes factors influencing conservation and visibility of features to the soil surface. Thesis describes the method used for field surveys and methodology for georeferencing ancient maps. Eventually, results obtained are detailed, features organization and functions identified (features relating to cultivation and inhabitation, roads and tracks, charcoal burning platforms, limekilns and quarries). Dissertation ends with an interpretive synthesis of Forêt de Chailluz land use over time (Roman, Medieval and Modern periods) ; Besançon est en France métropolitaine la ville de plus de 100 000 habitants avec le plus fort taux d'espaces verts par habitant. La forêt de Chailluz, qui existe depuis plus de six siècles, forme près des 3/4 de sa surface forestière. Aucune recherche scientifique ne rendait encore compte de la nature et de la valeur de son patrimoine archéologique. Un des objectifs de cette étude est de détecter, identifier et documenter le patrimoine historique et archéologique de la forêt de Chailluz pour permettre in fine sa valorisation auprès du grand public. Cette thèse contribue aussi à la réflexion collective menée dans divers programmes de recherche (LIEPPEC, ODIT - MSHE C.N. Ledoux ; LEA ModeLTER), qui visent à développer des méthodes de traitement de données altimétriques à haute résolution pour une analyse des paysages dans la longue durée (LIEPPEC), à conduire des recherches avancées en termes de concepts et de méthodes sur les dynamiques socio-environnementales dans la longue durée (ModeLTER) et à étudier des dynamiques territoriales à l'échelle régionale pour diffuser les connaissances élaborées auprès des acteurs locaux et aider à la prise de décision, à l'innovation et à la mise en place de politiques de développement durable (ODIT). Dans ce cadre collectif, ma thèse contribue à caractériser l'occupation et l'exploitation du massif de Chailluz au cours des siècles passés pour mieux comprendre son histoire et son évolution. Elle vient enrichir le développement de méthodes et de connaissances pour une meilleure compréhension des interactions entre l'homme et son environnement dans la longue durée. Les recherches, qui ont été conduites selon une démarche transdisciplinaire associant archéologie, histoire, géographie et foresterie, reposent sur une collecte d'archives et de documents planimétriques et photographiques, sur un bilan des travaux universitaires, sur un recensement d'informations relatives à la forêt en général, sur des observations de terrain et sur l'analyse de données LiDAR. Le mémoire fournit une perspective historique sur la forêt en général et sur les usages du bois et de ses dérivés attestés par des textes anciens ou par l'archéologie. Il tente de rendre compte de la diversité des points de vue existant sur la forêt, transformations de ses usages successifs ou pluralité des appréciations et concepts qu'on lui attribue aujourd'hui. Il expose les données historiques spécifiques à la forêt de Chailluz et détaille la documentation actuelle : données archéologiques préalablement connues, informations géographiques et environnementales. Il se consacre ensuite à la méthodologie des recherches et évoque les principales étapes de traitement des données LiDAR puis s'intéresse, pour procéder à une analyse spatiale, aux facteurs influençant les conditions d'observation et de conservation des microreliefs à la surface du sol. Il décrit la méthode de prospection au sol élaborée, les choix opérés pour enregistrer les données et la méthodologie de géoréférencement de plans forestiers anciens. Le mémoire détaille ensuite les résultats obtenus grâce aux recherches sur le terrain et propose des synthèses interprétatives expliquant la présence, l'organisation et la fonction des structures relevées en prospection (aménagements agropastoraux, établissements, voirie, plateformes de charbonniers, fours à chaux et carrières). Une synthèse interprétative globale de l'occupation du sol par périodes conclut le mémoire
The article deals with the problem of TEMPEST - unintentional radiation of electronic equipment, which can be intercepted by malefactors in the form of radiation of an electromagnetic parasitic wave, and which, from a security point of view, is compromising radiation because they can have compromising information. Today, the term TEMPEST is the name of a technology that includes various methods of analyzing electromagnetic compromising radiation in such a way that they can be used to recover intercepted data. The task was completed: It is known that electronic equipment creates electromagnetic fields that can interfere with radio and television reception at a considerable distance. But interference is not the only problem caused by stray electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, you can get information about the signals that are used inside the equipment, when the radiation signals are intercepted by intruders and these signals are decoded. This capability poses a problem, especially in the case of digital equipment, since remote signal recovery within the equipment can allow the reconstruction of the data that the equipment is processing. Therefore, the problem arises of determining technologies for detecting spurious electromagnetic radiation from electronic computers, which may have compromising information. The content of TEMPEST-technology is considered as a physical phenomenon of capturing and recovery of electromagnetic radiation emitted by digital equipment, and which can have compromising information. TEMPEST hardware analysis is performed, which includes various types of sensitive receivers that can monitor a wide range of frequencies, as well as a combination of hardware and software capable of processing the received signals. The analysis of various types of TEMPEST-technology is carried out, namely: Tempest-attack, Soft TEMPEST, as well as a variety of technologies for intercepting information by receiving spurious radiation of a monitor signal, searching for the necessary information on a disk, outputting information to an unused serial port; reflections of the luminous flux from the monitor screen on the walls; modeling the luminous flux in LED indicators and others. Recommendations for protection against TEMPEST technologies for companies and individuals are given. Keywords: TEMPEST, side electromagnetic compromising radiation. References1. Wim van Eck: Electromagnetic Radiation from Video Display Units: An Eavesdropping Risk? Computers & Security 4 (1985) 269-2862. Peter Wright: Spycatcher - The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. William Heinemann Australia, 1987, ISBN 0-85561-098-03. Peter Smulders: The Threat of Information Theft by Reception of Electromagnetic Radiation from RS-232 Cables. Computers & Security 9 (1990) 53-584. Markus G. Kuhn and Ross J. Anderson: Soft Tempest: Hidden Data Transmission Using Electromagnetic Emanations. University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, United Kingdom5. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities. Engineer Pamphlet EP 1110-3-2, 469 pages, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Publications Depot, Hyattsville, December 31, 19906. Deborah Russell, G. T. Gangemi Sr.: Computer Security Basics. Chapter 10: TEMPEST, O'Reilly & Associates, 1991, ISBN 0-937175-71-47. A. J. Mauriello: Join a government program to unveil Tempest-spec mysteries. EDN vol 28 no 13, pp 191–195, June 23, 19838. Комп'ютери в захищеному виконанні/[Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: https://infopedia.su/1x979a.html9. Програмні закладки/[Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://um.co.ua/2/2-15/2-150885.html ; В статье рассматривается проблема TEMPEST - непреднамеренного излучения электронного оборудования, которое злоумышленники могут перехватить в виде излучения электромагнитной паразитной волны, и которые с точки зрения безопасности является компрометирующим излучения потому, что могут иметь компрометирующую информацию. Сегодня понятие TEMPEST - название технологии, включающей различные методы анализа электромагнитного компрометирующего излучения таким образом, чтобы их можно было использовать для восстановления перехваченных данных. Выполнена постановка задачи: Известно, что электронное оборудование создает электромагнитные поля, которые могут создавать помехи для приема радио и телевидения на значительном расстоянии. Но помехи - не единственная проблема, вызванная паразитным электромагнитным излучением. В некоторых случаях можно получить информацию о сигналах, которые используются внутри оборудования, когда сигналы излучения перехватывают злоумышленники и эти сигналы декодируются. Эта возможность создает проблему, особенно в случае цифрового оборудования, поскольку дистанционное восстановления сигналов внутри оборудования может позволить реконструировать данные, которые обрабатывает оборудование. Поэтому возникает задача определения технологий обнаружения паразитными побочных электромагнитных излучений от электронно-вычислительной техники, которые могут иметь компрометирующую информацию. Рассматривается содержание TEMPEST-технологии, как физического явления улавливания и восстановления электромагнитного излучения, испускаемого цифровым оборудования, и которая может иметь компрометирующую информацию. Выполняется анализ оборудования TEMPEST, которое включает в себя различные типы чувствительных приемников, которые могут контролировать широкий диапазон частот, а также комбинацию аппаратного и программного обеспечения, способную обрабатывать полученные сигналы. Осуществляется анализ различных видов TEMPEST-технологии, а именно: Tempest-атака, Soft TEMPEST, а также разновидности технологий перехвата информации путем приема паразитного излучения сигнала монитора, поиска необходимой информации на диске, вывода информации в незадействованный последовательный порт; отражения светового потока от экрана монитора на стенах; моделирования светового потока в светодиодных индикаторах и другие. Даются рекомендации по защите от TEMPEST технологий для компаний и частных лиц. Ключевые слова: TEMPEST, побочное электромагнитное компрометирующее излучение. Список использованной литературы1. Wim van Eck: Electromagnetic Radiation from Video Display Units: An Eavesdropping Risk? Computers & Security 4 (1985) 269-2862. Peter Wright: Spycatcher - The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. William Heinemann Australia, 1987, ISBN 0-85561-098-03. Peter Smulders: The Threat of Information Theft by Reception of Electromagnetic Radiation from RS-232 Cables. Computers & Security 9 (1990) 53-584. Markus G. Kuhn and Ross J. Anderson: Soft Tempest: Hidden Data Transmission Using Electromagnetic Emanations. University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, United Kingdom5. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities. Engineer Pamphlet EP 1110-3-2, 469 pages, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Publications Depot, Hyattsville, December 31, 19906. Deborah Russell, G. T. Gangemi Sr.: Computer Security Basics. Chapter 10: TEMPEST, O'Reilly & Associates, 1991, ISBN 0-937175-71-47. A. J. Mauriello: Join a government program to unveil Tempest-spec mysteries. EDN vol 28 no 13, pp 191–195, June 23, 19838. Комп'ютери в захищеному виконанні/[Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: https://infopedia.su/1x979a.html9. Програмні закладки/[Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://um.co.ua/2/2-15/2-150885.html ; У статті розглядається проблема TEMPEST - ненавмисного випромінювання електронного обладнання, яке зловмисники можуть перехопити у вигляді випромінювання електромагнітної паразитного хвилі, і які з точки зору безпеки є випромінювання, які компрометують, тому, що можуть мати компрометуючу інформацію. Сьогодні поняття TEMPEST – це назва технології, що включає різні методи аналізу електромагнітного компрометуючого випромінювання таким чином, щоб їх можна було використовувати для відновлення перехоплених даних. Виконано постановка задачі: Відомо, що електронне обладнання створює електромагнітні поля, які можуть створювати перешкоди для прийому радіо і телебачення на значній відстані. Але перешкоди - не єдина проблема, яка викликана паразитних електромагнітним випромінюванням. У деяких випадках можна отримати інформацію про сигнали, які використовуються всередині обладнання, коли сигнали випромінювання перехоплюють зловмисники і ці сигнали декодуються. Ця можливість створює проблему, особливо в разі цифрового обладнання, оскільки дистанційне відновлення сигналів усередині обладнання може дозволити реконструювати дані, які обробляє обладнання. Тому виникає задача визначення технологій виявлення паразитними побічних електромагнітних випромінювань від електронно-обчислювальної техніки, які можуть мати компрометуючу інформацію. Розглядається зміст TEMPEST-технології, як фізичного явища уловлювання та відновлення електромагнітного випромінювання, що випромінюється цифровимобладнання, і яке може мати компрометуючу інформацію. Виконується аналіз обладнання TEMPEST, яке включає в себе різні типи чутливих приймачів, які можуть контролювати широкий діапазон частот, а також комбінацію апаратного і програмного забезпечення, здатну обробляти отримані сигнали. Здійснюється аналіз різних видів TEMPEST-технології, а саме: Tempest-атака, Soft TEMPEST, а також різновиди технологій перехоплення інформації шляхом прийому паразитного випромінювання сигналу монітора, пошуку необхідної інформації на диску, виведення інформації в незадіяний послідовний порт; відображення світлового потоку від екрану монітора на стінах; моделювання світлового потоку в світлодіодних індикаторах і інші. Даються рекомендації щодо захисту від TEMPEST технологій для компаній і приватних осіб. Ключові слова: TEMPEST, побічне електромагнітне компрометує випромінювання. Список використаної літератури1. Wim van Eck: Electromagnetic Radiation from Video Display Units: An Eavesdropping Risk? Computers & Security 4 (1985) 269-2862. Peter Wright: Spycatcher - The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. William Heinemann Australia, 1987, ISBN 0-85561-098-03. Peter Smulders: The Threat of Information Theft by Reception of Electromagnetic Radiation from RS-232 Cables. Computers & Security 9 (1990) 53-584. Markus G. Kuhn and Ross J. Anderson: Soft Tempest: Hidden Data Transmission Using Electromagnetic Emanations. University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, United Kingdom5. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities. Engineer Pamphlet EP 1110-3-2, 469 pages, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Publications Depot, Hyattsville, December 31, 19906. Deborah Russell, G. T. Gangemi Sr.: Computer Security Basics. Chapter 10: TEMPEST, O'Reilly & Associates, 1991, ISBN 0-937175-71-47. A. J. Mauriello: Join a government program to unveil Tempest-spec mysteries. EDN vol 28 no 13, pp 191–195, June 23, 19838. Комп'ютери в захищеному виконанні/[Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: https://infopedia.su/1x979a.html9. Програмні закладки/[Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://um.co.ua/2/2-15/2-150885.html
The TKIT and SDIT environment which is so strong the nuances of Islam are indicative of spiritual motivation, spiritual leadership and religious performance and the school management has not interpreted the importance of OCB. This study aims to examine and analyze the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the influence of spiritual motivation, spiritual leadership on religious performance in kindergarten and integrated Islamic elementary school teachers in Pontianak City and Kubu Raya District. This research uses the quantitative method (survey). The population in this study is the number of teaching staff or teachers in Al-Karimah TKIT-SDIT, Al-Mumtaz TKIT-SDIT, and Al-Fityan TKIT-SDIT. The number of samples of 57 respondents was selected by means of Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling, then data processing using path analysis. The results of the first model showed that spiritual motivation had a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and spiritual leadership had a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The ability of these variables in explaining their influence on religious performance was 31.5% while the remaining 68.5% was explained by other factors outside the research model. The results of the study for the second model showed that the variable of spiritual motivation had a positive and significant effect on religious performance, while spiritual leadership had a negative and not significant effect on religious performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) had a positive and significant effect on religious performance. The ability of this variable in explaining its effect on organizational commitment is 20.7% while the remaining 84.9% is explained by other factors outside the research modelKeywords: Spiritual, Motivation, Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Religious PerformanceDaftar PustakaAbas, J.A. 2009. Level of Existence and Motivation in Islam, Journal of Management History Vol. 15 No. 1, 2009 pp. 50–65.Adam, L.O.B., 2012. Peran Motivasi Spiritual Agamis terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dan Kinerja Dosen (Studi pada Dosen Universitas Haluoleo Kendari). Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Vol.3 N0. 4Agustin, E., 2015, Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Dabin Iv Kecamatan Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan, Skripsi Dipublikasi, Universitas Negeri SemarangAnshari, 1993. Wawasan Islam. Pokok-Pokok Fikiran Tentang Islam dan Ummatnya. Jakarta. Raja Grafindo PersadaArinnandya, Quisty & Hukama, La Diadhan., 2018. Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Dan Kepemimpinan Spiritual Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Pada PT MNC Sky Vision Tbk. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen UPB Vol 6 No.2, 55-63Ancok, Jamaludin (1994), Psikologi Islam, Pustaka Pelajar: Yogyakarta.Bolino, M.C., Turnley, W.H., and Bloodgood, J.M. ( 2002). Citizenship Behavior and the Creation of Social Capital in Organization. Academy of Management Journal,Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 502 – 522Cahyono, Ari, 2012. Analisa Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Dosen Dan Karyawan Di Universitas Pawyatan Daha Kediri. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Revitalisasi, Vol. 1, No. 1Cushway, Barry. 2007. Human Resource Management. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.Djati, S. Pantja. 2009. "Pengaruh Moral dan Komitmen Staf Administrasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behaviour dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Service Quality di Universitas Swasta Surabaya – Indonesia." Jurnal Aplikasi Manaemen. Vol 7. No 3. 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Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Achievement Orientation And Personality. Journal Of Business and Psychology 13( 2), pp. 263-279.Organ, D. P., & MacKenzie, S. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It's Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences.Rahmawaty, Anita., 2016. Model Kepemimpinan Spiritual Dalam Meningkatkan Kepuasan Kerja Dan Kinerja Karyawan di BMT se-Kabupaten Pati. Iqtishadia Vol. 9, No. 2Rivai, Veithzal. 2010. Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.Roziqin, M., 2010. Kepuasan Kerja. Malang : Averroes Press.Robbins, Stephen P. dan Timothy A. Judge. 2015. Perilaku Organisasi Edisi 16. Diterjemahkan oleh Ratna Saraswati dan Febriella Sirait. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.Robert Bacal. 2005. Performance Management. Dalam As'Ad. 1995(Ed.), Definisi Motivasi. Jakarta : GMSantoso S, 2003, Buku Latihan SPSS, Strategi Parametrik. PT. ElekSarwono. 2013. Analisis Jalur untuk Riset Bisnis dengan SPSS. Yogyakarta. Andi OffsetShofwa, Yoiz., 2013. 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Text en anglès i castellà. La consulta íntegra de la tesi, inclos l'article no comunicat públicament per drets d'autor, es pot realitzar prèvia petició a l'Arxiu de la UPC ; The overall aim of the thesis is to encourage the presence of sunlight into indoor spaces. The specific objective is to show that, from the lighting point of view, a good design can harness the solar reflection on the surfaces and increase the overall light level, without provoking the excessive contrast that causes glare. A literature review shows off the value of sunlight. The testimony of professional photographers describes its contribution to the visual interest. The scientific works stress the predilection that users feel in relation to the presence of sunlight, and inform about its healthy effects. People spend more and more time indoors and, therefore, require the introduction of sunlight. Ajourney through the history discovers the works and rules that are exemplary examples of good design. Nevertheless, the current legislation shows gaps when it only faces quantitative aspects (distribution of minimum light levels). The qualitative aspects (linked to the vision of light interest) should be part of the design more often. The challenge implies to be provided with tools to assess the balance of visible light into the spaces. The purpose of the glare formulations is to warn if a light contrast is excessive. The difficulty of its purpose is notable as it intends to assess the perceptive reaction of human vision, partially subjective. The attempts to validate a formulation are numerous. The thesis analyses eight indices of glare and chooses two to be included in an assessment methodology based on the reading of HDR images. The development of a script allows a data-processing succession, using the tools of Radiance, Webhdrtools and Evalglare. The methodology includes the assessment of the impact of different calibration parameters belonging to the camera (centre of bracketing) and those of the calculation instructions (calibration factor and threshold definition of glare source) to ensure the reliability of the calculations under sunlight conditions. The measurements were made in summer, at various scenarios located in two cities. In London, the first case considered a singular office lit thanks to roof and side windows (two façades). The outcome was compared with the perception of users with different nationalities and lighting cultures. Then, two meeting rooms permitted the assessment of the perception of a significant number of visual fields. The different orientation of the rooms (north and south) allowed the comparison of the effects of the solar presence inside or outside. In both cases, two variables were included: the window size and the contribution of the artificial light. In Barcelona, two other meeting rooms were studied, having both deeper solar penetrations due to the west orientation. This feature led to the consideration of the effects of several sunlight control devices: roller shutters, roller screens and vertical slats . Finally, in Barcelona, a final case served to judge a space under new conditions, characterized by an intermediate orientation (southwest) that, according to the time of day toggled the solar presence inside and outside, and a small window ratio in relation to the total facade. The results lead to specific conclusions depending on the type of solar penetration, due to the orientation, and the position that users occupy. Their joint contribution permits to suggest that the glare indexes rarely describe a disturbing or intolerable situation that would complicate a visual task. Therefore, except for the situations where the radiation falls on working surfaces, the design can incorporate the solar presence in the interiors in order to improve the lighting and thermal conditions. ; El objetivo general de la tesis es fomentar la presencia de la luz solar en los espacios interiores. El objetivo específico es demostrar que, desde el punto de vista lumínico, un buen diseño puede aprovechar la reflexión solar en las superficies y aumentar el nivel lumínico general sin que el contraste sea excesivo y cause deslumbramiento. Una revisión bibliográfica pone en valor la luz solar. El testimonio de fotógrafos profesionales describe su contribución en el interés visual. Los trabajos científicos destacan la predilección que sienten los usuarios por la presencia de la luz solar e informa de sus efectos saludables. Los individuos pasan cada vez más horas en espacios interiores y, por tanto, requieren la introducción de la luz solar. Un recorrido por la historia descubre obras y normas que son muestras ejemplares de buen diseño. Pese a ello, la legislación actual muestra carencias cuando únicamente afronta aspectos cuantitativos (reparto de niveles lumínicos mínimos). Los aspectos cualitativos (interés vinculado a la visión de la luz) deberían formar parte del diseño más a menudo. El reto implica dotarse de herramientas de evaluación del equilibrio de la luz visible en los espacios. El propósito de las fórmulas de deslumbramiento es advertir si un contraste lumínico es excesivo. La dificultad de su propósito es notable ya que pretenden evaluar la reacción perceptiva de la visión, parcialmente subjetiva. Las tentativas para validar una formulación son numerosas. La tesis analiza ocho índices de deslumbramiento y escoge dos para introducirlos en una metodología de evaluación basada en la lectura de imágenes HDR. El desarrollo de un script permite encadenar procedimientos informáticos que aprovechan herramientas de Radiance, Webhdrtool y Evalglare. La metodología incluye la valoración de la repercusión de diferentes parámetros de calibración propios de la cámara (centro del horquillado) y de las instrucciones de cálculo (factor de calibración y umbral de definición de la fuente deslumbramiento) para garantizar la fiabilidad de los cá lculos en condiciones de luz solar. Las mediciones sucedieron en verano, en escenarios diversos ubicados en dos ciudades. En Londres, el primer caso consideró una oficina singular, con luz cenital y lateral (dos fachadas). La obtención de resultados fue comparada con la percepción de unos usuarios de nacionalidades y culturas lumínicas distintas. A continuación, dos salas de reunión permitieron evaluar la percepción de un notable número de campos visuales. La distinta orientación de las salas (norte y sur) permitió comparar los efectos de la presencia solar en el interior o en el exterior. En ambos casos, dos variables fueron incorporadas: el tamaño de ventana y la contribución de la luz artificial. En Barcelona, dos otras salas de reunión fueron estudiadas, ambas con penetraciones solares más profundas a causa de la orientación oeste. Esta particularidad dio lugar a la consideración de los efectos de diferentes dispositivos de control de la luz solar: persianas o cortinas enrollables y lamas verticales. Finalmente, en Barcelona, un último caso sirvió para juzgar un espacio con condiciones distintas a las anteriores, caracterizado por una orientación intermedia (suroeste), que según la hora del día compaginaba la presencia solar en el interior y en el exterior, y por una proporción de ventana pequeña en relación a la totalidad de la fachada pequeña. Los resultados dan lugar a conclusiones específicas en función del tipo de penetración solar según las orientaciones y de la posición que ocupan los usuarios. Su contribución conjunta permite afirmar que los índices de deslumbramiento describen situaciones molestas o perturbadoras para una tarea visual en muy pocas ocasiones. Por tanto, exceptuando las situaciones en que la radiación incide sobre las superficies de trabajo, el diseño puede incorporar la presencia solar en los interiores con el fin de contribuir lumínicamente o térmicamente. ; Postprint (published version)
