Suchergebnisse

O artigo aborda a participação de jovens em ações coletivas como protagonistas na esfera pública, pondo em destaque, também, algumas políticas públicas que têm tratado de questões de seu cotidiano, como as reformas na área da educação. Indaga-se sobre lugar dos jovens nessas políticas, a partir das ocupações em escolas públicas no período. A meta final é analisar o impacto da ação desses jovens na sociedade e nas políticas públicas, destacando a cultura política criada (ou ressignificada) e a renovação operada na questão da participação dos jovens a partir do uso das redes midiáticas. A base de dados advém de pesquisa realizada em sites da Internet, em redes de jovens, e dados da mídia impressa em São Paulo, entre 2013 e 2017. Autores do referencial teórico utilizado são Charles Tilly, Doug MacAdam, S. Tarrow, e Klaus Eder. Outros marcos interpretativos foram encontrados em autores de teorias renovadas do socialismo libertário, defensores de teorias autonomistas, culturalistas e da resistência civil.

The period from 1872-1947 witnessed the rise of many movements in Bengal, where those who were considered lower castes were mobilised to protest against the inequality and injustice meted out to them in various fields, including religion, politics and education. The focus of their struggle was the social injustice within the Hindu caste hierarchy. Unlike in south and western India where caste movements were often associated with anti-Brahmanical movements, in Bengal it was upgradation of caste from Sudra to Kshatriya varna.The main focus of the study is the Kshatriyaization movement of Rajbansis, the Matua movement of Namasudras, and the colonial policy of 'Protective Discrimination' and its impact.It studies the attempt by Rajbansi community to establish themselves as Kshatriyas in the first half of the twentieth century, though the movement started in the late nineteenth century itself. It also includes their struggle against the Brahmanical dominance and the elites of their own community. Alongside the Kshatriyaization movement, a parallel movement for the social uplift started among the Namasudra community, which later spread to northern Bengal. Their struggle actually began from the time of the first Census in 1872, when the census authorities classified the Namasudras as Chandals in the census report. The Namasudra protest movement, hereafter, developed through a different channel provided by a Vaishnava religious sect named Matua, started under a Namasudra leader Harichand Thakur. This book is essential for those wishing to understand the socio-religious movement of the Namasudra and the Rajbansi communities in their historical context. Print edition not for sale in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

До другого випуску бібліографічного покажчика увійшли публікації краєзнавчого напряму наукових співробітників, викладачів, докторантів, аспірантів та здобувачів СумДПУ за період 2004–2015 рр. Видання містить бібліографічні описи монографій, посібників, матеріалів краєзнавчих конференцій, авторефератів дисертацій, публікацій у збірниках, журналах та газетах. У покажчику найбільш повно зібрані друки, що відображають історичний, економічний, політичний та культурний розвиток регіону. Подано матеріали, що розповідають про пам'ятки історії та культури, видатних діячів краю, відомі постаті, життя і діяльність яких пов'язані з Cумщиною. Посібник адресовано дослідникам, науковцям, викладачам, аспірантам, студентам, краєзнавцям, усім, хто цікавиться краєзнавством. ; The second edition of the bibliographic index includes the regional branch scientific staff 's publications, professors, doctoral students, postgraduates and applicants of the SumSPU for the period of 2004–2015. The publication contains bibliographic descriptions of monographs, manuals, materials of local lore conferences, dissertations, publications in collections, journals and newspapers. The index most fully assembled prints reflecting historical, economic, political and cultural development of the region. Presented materials tell about historical and cultural sights, outstanding figures of the region, well-known figures, life and activities of which are connected with Sumy region. The manual is addressed to investigators, researchers, teachers, graduate students, students, ethnographers, and anyone interested in local lore.

The printing house of the Vilnius Basilian monastery stands out as one of the oldest and largest printing houses of the Eastern Rite Catholic Church and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the activities of which lasted about 200 years. In this printing house, books were printed in the Polish, Latin, ecclesiastical Slavonic, Lithuanian and Latvian languages. Furthermore, among the books printed by the Basilians were the pieces printed in Italian, French, Greek and English. Following the abolition of the Eastern Rite Catholic Church in 1839, printing operations were not resumed. Instead, all printing equipment was sold out to the printers Teofilius Gluksberg and Abrahami Dworzec as well as to the townsman Gronim Pupkin. The article is the first attempt ever to analyse the organizational aspects of activities in the said printing house such as its localization and premises, legal situation, managers and employees, technical equipment and sales of the printed material. Research of material conditions makes it easier to establish the factors that have contributed to the development and decline of printing activities as well as identify the causes of multilingual multi-denominational printing output in this institutional enterprise. Such research is aimed to better understand the Lithuanian printing business up to the 19th century and provide background information for more comprehensive research in the fields of reading culture, the history of the Basilian order, social history and material culture of Vilnius.Throughout all the periods of its activity, the print shop was located in the territory of the Vilnius Basilian Monastery in the old part of the city close to the Sharp Gates (Lith. Aštrieji vartai), currently the Gates of Dawn (Lith. Aušros vartai). The localization of the Basilian Monastery in the old centre of religious culture and crafts was favourable to developing the activities of the printing house. The founders and sponsors of the 17th century printing house were the metropolitan archbishops of the Eastern Rite Catholic Church, whereas in the second half of the 18th century the sponsorship was taken over by the superiors of the Lithuanian Basilian Province. Until the year 1768, the legal situation of the printing house was based on the right to print books, inherited by the Vilnius Basilian monastery in 1633 from the Vilnius Holy Trinity Fraternity belonging to the Eastern Rite Catholic Church. In 1768, King and Grand Duke Stanislaw Augustus granted the Lithuanian Basilians a special privilege for the printing house, allowing to transfer the Vilnius printing house to Vitebsk, but this privilege was never taken advantage of.The research made it possible to identify a considerable part of the staff working at the printing house. Thus, in the 17th century, the printing shop employed 3 staff members (1 townsman and 2 Basilians), in the 18th century, 5 printers-Basilians were working in the printing house, and in the first half of the 19th century, 5 printers were employed (all of them were hired secular persons). During the period from the second half of the 18th century to the start of the 19th century, in total six prefects were appointed to manage the printing house activities. During the research, the name of one more manager of the printing house – Markel Solokaj – was established. He was appointed as prefect on July 1, 1838, when printing activities were no longer resumed. Hypothetically it could be stated that during the most profitable period of activity, that is, during the period of 1760–1800, printing activities were carried out by about 20 persons. As a rule, the prefects appointed to run the printing house were chosen from the educated monks having the priest's ordinances. Among the prefects, priest Nicefor Nenicz (1777–1793) was the most successful in running the printing house. In 1760–1800, 4 book-printing machines and 1 one-piece machine for carving press as well as other quality equipment purchased in foreign countries was installed at the printing house. In addition, a letter foundry, a bookbindery and a bookstore were operating in close proximity to the printing house. The printing house conducted a wide range of printing activities such as printing of books, brochures, sheet music and images of religious content, was specialising in accidental printing, etc. In general, the book production process was fairly well organized, and this allowed the printing press to operate continuously and profitably for several decades. However, the prefects of the printing house did not put any effort into developing book distribution channels. Under the circumstances, mediating monasteries, bookshops and publishers started the business of trading books. The print shop itself was not able to organize effective sales. The weak and shaky book trade is evidenced by the announcements of various individuals and companies about the sales of the book Lexykon geograficzny by I. Karpiński (1766), the publication of which appeared among the Lithuanian and Polish periodicals from 1768 to 1829. Only some issues of the publication were subscriptionbased. It could be concluded that it was not only the political pressure of the Russian administration, but also the weak management of book distribution that led the printing press in early 19th century to stagnation. ; Vilniaus bazilijonų spaustuvė paliko ryškų pėdsaką Lietuvos kultūros istorijoje. Joje spausdinta lenkų, lotynų, bažnytine slavų, lietuvių, latvių kalbomis, bazilijonų išleistose knygose yra kūrinių ir kitomis Europos kalbomis: italų, prancūzų, graikų, anglų. Platindami įvairiakalbę literatūrą bazilijonai prisidėjo prie daugiatautės LDK kultūros formavimosi bei modernios visuomeninės raidos. Vilniaus bazilijonų knygos yra sulaukusios tyrinėtojų dėmesio, bet iki šiol mažai tirtos materialinės sąlygos, kuriomis vyko leidybinė bazilijonų veikla. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami svarbiausi klausimai, susiję su spaustuvės veiklos organizavimu nuo XVII a. iki spaustuvės uždarymo ir išpardavimo 1845 m.: spaustuvės lokalizacija ir patalpos, teisinė padėtis, valdytojai ir darbuotojai, techninis įrengimas, produkcijos realizavimas. Spaustuvės materialinių sąlygų tyrimas padeda atskleisti veiksnius, lėmusius spaudos darbų raidą ir nuosmukį, suprasti įvairiakalbės kelių konfesijų produkcijos atsiradimo priežastis institucinėje įmonėje.

Oft ist die Benjamin-Forschung dem Ziel verpflichtet, den 'ganzen Benjamin' oder dessen 'Denken in nuce' zu erheischen. Im Gegensatz dazu erörtert Sven Schöpf das 'ganze Trauerspielbuch'. Im Zentrum steht hierbei die typographische Gestaltung der 1928 publizierten Erstausgabe von Walter Benjamins legendärem Barockbuch. Um deren hermeneutisches Potential aufzuzeigen, rekonstruiert die Studie schlaglichtartig die Geschichte der Druckschrift sowie die Semantik der Typographie. Zudem wird, vor dem Hintergrund der Buchkunstbewegung und der 'Krise des Historismus', ein richtungsweisender Blick auf die Machart literarhistorischer Publikationen geistesgeschichtlicher Provenienz geworfen.

"Angesichts weitreichender Veränderungen im gesellschaftlichen und medialen Umfeld politischen Handelns erhöht sich der Druck auf die VolksvertreterInnen, die »richtigen« Kanäle zu bedienen, um im Kontakt mit den BürgerInnen und WählerInnen zu bleiben. Dabei ist die Frage, welches die 'richtigen' Medien- und Kommunikationskanäle sind, sowohl von individuellen Prädispositionen als auch von institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen abhängig. Das wird deutlich, wenn die aktuellen Medienorientierungen österreichischer Nationalrats- und Landtagsabgeordneter miteinander verglichen werden. Hierzu wurde im März 2012 eine repräsentative Online-Befragung durchgeführt. Diese fördert nicht nur unterschiedliche Medienorientierungen, sondern auch distinkte Medientypen unter den Abgeordneten zutage. Demnach stellen sich die ParlamentarierInnen unterschiedliche Medienmenüs in ihrer Außenkommunikation zusammen." (Autorenreferat)

Als Deutungsmuster für die Terroranschläge des 11. September entstanden weltweit antisemitische Verschwörungstheorien. Der Autor berichtet über eine ausführliche empirische Untersuchung von Texten deutscher Printmedien und Internetquellen, die mit dem Instrumentarium der Kritischen Diskursanalyse durchgeführt wurde. Drei Themen werden vor dem Hintergrund einer jüdischen Weltverschwörung interpretiert: der 11. September, der Nahost-Konflikt und der Irak-Krieg. Es fällt auf, 'dass die Ereignisse...oft derart kausal auf das Wirken von Juden zurückgeführt werden.... dass kaum noch alternative Deutungsmöglichkeiten offen bleiben. Insgesamt handelt es sich bei den beschriebenen Verschwörungstheorien um neue Varianten des alten antisemitischen Deutungsmusters, wonach die Juden in verschwörerischer Weise das Weltgeschehen manipulieren und kontrollieren, nach grenzenloser Macht streben und dafür über Leichen gehen. Mit einer Neuerung: Heute gelten nicht nur 'die Juden', sondern auch und vor allem Israel als das eigentliche Zentrum der Verschwörung.' (HS)

The publication of scientific work is an absolute thing that must be owned and produced by academics at this time. Moreover, when referring to the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (PAN RB) Regulation No. 17 of 2013 and the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 92 of 2004 which states that the increase in the academic level of lecturers requires publication of accredited national scientific journals and journals internationally reputable in their field. In addition to being very important for the performance of lecturers, the publication of scientific papers has become a government regulation through the Director General of Higher Education, which requires S1, S2 and S3 students to make a summary of scientific work published both online and in print as one of the graduation requirements. Seeing this, Raharja College has participated in providing publication media for scientific works, especially in online forms, one of which is iLearning Journal Center (iJC). Until now iLearning Journal Center has overseen 5 (five) journals in it with different scope of research. However, the problems that occur at this time are still a lack of the general public to know especially in the Higher Education environment regarding the iLearning Journal Center (iJC) as a publication media for online scientific work. In this study will be discussed about the steps or methods taken to maximize the use of iLearning Journal Center (iJC) as an online journal publication media to improve the quality and quantity ofscientific works. This study uses SWOT analysis method and system design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the applications used in this study by applying the Open Journal System (OJS) which is known as management software and publishing online journals. The results of this study are a governance or management that can be done as a step to maximize the increase of publication of online scientific works for the academic community. ; The publication of scientific work is an absolute thing that must be owned and produced by academics at this time. Moreover, when referring to the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (PAN RB) Regulation No. 17 of 2013 and the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 92 of 2004 which states that the increase in the academic level of lecturers requires publication of accredited national scientific journals and journals internationally reputable in their field. In addition to being very important for the performance of lecturers, the publication of scientific papers has become a government regulation through the Director General of Higher Education, which requires S1, S2 and S3 students to make a summary of scientific work published both online and in print as one of the graduation requirements. Seeing this, Raharja College has participated in providing publication media for scientific works, especially in online forms, one of which is iLearning Journal Center (iJC). Until now iLearning Journal Center has overseen 5 (five) journals in it with different scope of research. However, the problems that occur at this time are still a lack of the general public to know especially in the Higher Education environment regarding the iLearning Journal Center (iJC) as a publication media for online scientific work. In this study will be discussed about the steps or methods taken to maximize the use of iLearning Journal Center (iJC) as an online journal publication media to improve the quality and quantity of scientific works. This study uses SWOT analysis method and system design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the applications used in this study by applying the Open Journal System (OJS) which is known as management software and publishing online journals. The results of this study are a governance or management that can be done as a step to maximize the increase of publication of online scientific works for the academic community.

This article is based on the paper which was presented in the International Book Science Conference, on Traditional and electronic Publishing in a Small Country: Experience and Perspectives, held in Vilnius in 2013. The aim of this article is to investigate historical parallels in publishing between the two periods of Lithuania's independence (1918–1940 and after 1990). It can be seen as a brief introduction to the search subject that may prove to be interesting and useful for scientists and those interested in Lithuanian publishing processes.The development of publishing in Lithuania was very similar to the situation in other newly established and re-established countries in Eastern Europe during both independence periods and was mainly influenced by the country's size, population, economy, culture and educational situation.Despite various obstacles, publishing market demonstrated rapid growth at the beginning of both periods, followed by a slight decline after the introduction of stable national currency in 1922 and in 1993. As the publishers were entering the final stages of their establishment, while trying to adapt to changing market conditions, the repertoire structures appeared and the first leaders emerged. One of the main concerns shared by most publishers during both periods was a relatively small book market which made them pay significant attention to marketing and retail. Soaring print runs 289indicated constant growth between 1918 and 1940, which was mainly influenced by theexpansion of the Lithuanian educational system. Nevertheless, the growth of higher educationsystem during the second period did not have such an impact and the print runs startedto shrink since mid-nineties. Additionally, economic down turns of 1930–1932, 1998–2000and 2008 interrupted the development of publishing as the publishers were focusing theirefforts on marketing techniques to increase book sales.The relationship between the government and the publishers has always been importantin small countries. Despite publicly declaring the support for book industry, governmentalpolicies appeared to lack clear direction and long-term visions during both periods. As aresult, the progress of publishing industry mainly relied on the publishers, who saw theiractivity as both business and a cultural mission. This article briefly introduces the main parallelsbetween the two periods, but as the research continues the new findings may emerge,therefore it could be seen as a guide for the future search. ; Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyrosir dokumentotyros institutasUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01513 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: remigijus.misiunas@kf.vu.lt Straipsnis parengtas Tarptautinėje knygotyros konferencijoje "Tradicinėir elektroninė leidyba mažoje šalyje: patirtys ir perspektyvos" skaitytopranešimo pagrindu. Jame nagrinėjamos Lietuvos leidybos 1918–1940 m. irpo 1990 m. paralelės. Analizuojama leidybos dinamika, leidybinė struktūraleidybinis repertuaras ir knygų sklaida. Straipsnis rengtas remiantis AudronėsGlosienės Lietuvos leidybos 1918–1940 m. tyrimais, 1918–1940 m.periodikos publikacijomis, straipsnio autoriaus dalyvavimu leidybiniuoseprocesuose po 1990 m., jų stebėjimu ir analize. Daroma išvada, kad leidybosraida Lietuvoje buvo analogiška leidybiniams procesams kitose naujai susikūrusiosear nepriklausomybę atgavusiose Rytų Europos šalyse, juos įveikėvalstybinės reformos, ekonominiai ir švietimo pokyčiai, literatūrinio procesoraida, leidėjai stengėsi lanksčiai reaguoti į ekonominių krizių iššūkius.REIKŠMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: leidyba, leidybinės struktūros, leidybinis repertuaras, knygų sklaida.

Gurus and Media is the first book dedicated to media and mediation in domains of public guruship and devotion. Illuminating the mediatisation of guruship and the guru-isation of media, it bridges the gap between scholarship on gurus and the disciplines of media and visual culture studies. It investigates guru iconographies in and across various time periods and also the distinctive ways in which diverse gurus engage with and inhabit different forms of media: statuary, games, print publications, photographs, portraiture, films, machines, social media, bodies, words, graffiti, dolls, sound, verse, tombs and more.

The book's interdisciplinary chapters advance, both conceptually and ethnographically, our understanding of the function of media in the dramatic production of guruship, and reflect on the corporate branding of gurus and on mediated guruship as a series of aesthetic traps for the captivation of devotees and others. They show how different media can further enliven the complex plurality of guruship, for instance in instantiating notions of 'absent-present' guruship and demonstrating the mutual mediation of gurus, caste and Hindutva.

Throughout, the book foregrounds contested visions of the guru in the development of devotional publics and pluriform guruship across time and space. Thinking through the guru's many media entanglements in a single place, the book contributes new insights to the study of South Asian religions and to the study of mediation more broadly.

Praise for Gurus and Media

'Sight, sound, image, narrative, representation and performance in the complex world of gurus are richly illuminated and deeply theorised in this outstanding volume. The immensely important, but hitherto under-explored, visual and aural dimensions of guru-ship across several religious traditions have received path-breaking and wide-ranging treatment by best-known experts on the subject.'
Nandini Gooptu, University of Oxford

'Gurus and Media casts subtle light on a phenomenon that too often shines so brightly that it is hard to see. This collection is a tremendously rich resource for anyone trying to make sense of that ambiguous zone where authority appears at once as seduction and as salvation, as comfort and as terror.'
William Mazzarella, University of Chicago

'This remarkable collection uses the figure of the mass-mediated guru to throw light on how modern Hindu mobilization generates a highly diverse set of religious charismatics in India. Because of the diversity of the contributors to this volume, the book is also a moveable feast of cases, methods and cultural styles in a major cultural region.'
Arjun Appadurai, Emeritus Professor of Media, Culture and Communication, New York University

I. Scholarly essays -- The 'second circulation' : the underground publication market in Poland, 1976-89 / Andrzej Friszke -- 'Printers of the mind' : the culture of Polish resistance, 1976-89 / Paweł Sowiński -- A Catholic voice : Inicjatywa Wydawnicza Spotkania of Lublin, 1977-88 / Małgorzata Choma-Jusińska -- Wydawnictwo Młoda Polska (WMP) of Gdańsk / Konrad Knoch and Mirosław Rybicki -- The 'second circulation' in Wrocław : the major publishers / Kamil Dworaczek -- In the shadow of the luminous mountain : underground publishing in Czȩstachowa / Jarosław Kapsa -- The centrum and the peripheries : local editions of popular Warsaw underground journals / Jan Olaszek -- 'The third wave' : Polish independent youth publications in the second half of the 1980s / Siobhan Doucette -- Printing Kissel : printing technologies for uncensored publications / Szczepan Rudka -- Łakomiec (the Glutton) and LEGO : underground production of printing equipment in Poland / Jan Strȩkowski -- Social and legal aspects of underground publishing in the People's Republic of Poland (1976-89) / Jerzy Kolarzowski and Gwido Zlatkes -- To limit, to eradicate, or to control : the SB and the 'second circulation,' 1981-89/90 / Grzegorz Wołk -- A social movement and an underground market : independent publishing and its logics of action in Communist Poland, 1976-89 / Mateusz Fałkowski -- The 'second circulation' of the 1970s and 1980s as a component of a social movement : applying social movement theory to the analysis of the Polish opposition / Adam Mielczarek -- II. Primary sources -- NOWA mission statement -- We, the Free Drum'n'Roller press / Jan Walc -- Lasting values of culture : a conversation with a publisher from Wydawnictwo Kra̧g, June 1986 -- A printer's handbook / enen -- Fifty thousand copies : an interview with 'Jacek' and 'Karol,' in charge of printing Tygodnik Mazowsze since October 1984 -- Just a worker : an interview with a printer from TKO Solidarność -- As distribution goes, it's been a long time : an interview with Michał, the head of distribution for Tygodnik Mazowsze between May 1982 and October 1985 -- III. Interviews and oral histories -- Words like dynamite / Wiesława Grochola -- 'Why are you buying all this paste?' : Witold Łuczywo talks about printing Robotnik -- Words against tanks / Mirosław Chojecki -- How I broke into the entire printing infrastructure of the Mazowsze Region in three days / Joanna Szczȩsna -- IV. Appendices -- Appendix 1. Biographical notes on the persons interviewed by Wiesława Grochola -- Appendix 2. Glossary of terms and abbreviations -- Appendix 3. Selective glossary of official terms used in SB internal documents, 1976-89 -- Appendix 4. Geographical structure and principle bodies of Solidarność, 1980-89

Fanfiction has a long and varied history in the Star Wars franchise since it began in 1977 with the debut of the first film, Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. The decade of the 1970s created new possibilities for science fiction multiverses and metanarratives; science fiction became an adaptive film genre that could be reimagined with seemingly infinite narrational results. The myriad of genre films that were released in the mid-to-late 1970s revealed dynamic syntheses with horror (e.g. Alien, Invasion of the Body Snatchers and Close Encounters of the Third Kind), franchises that previously had existed solely on television (Star Trek: The Motion Picture) and musical theatre (The Rocky Horror Picture Show). Cinematic audiences became increasingly accustomed to science fiction tropes and themes in film; audience participation in the theatre (e.g. The Rocky Horror Picture Show) expanded to print zines (often with fanfiction) for multiple franchises as well as fan conventions. Fanfiction's beginnings as an analogue culture dramatically changed with the advent of the internet and the evolution of fandoms as digital cultures. Web-based platforms such as FanFiction.net and Archive of Our Own (AO3) host sundry fan communities' creative outputs including podcasts, art and, most frequently, fanfiction stories. The release of Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2015 immediately captured the fandom's imagination; the animosity and tension between the new villain Kylo Ren (Ben Solo) and protagonist Rey of Jakku particularly fascinated the young adult fans who were lately converted to the Star Wars fandom due to this pairing (known as Reylo within the fandom and within cinematic circles). The newest generations of fans were acclimated to audience participation and paratextual interactions due to their positions as digital natives. The Reylo fan phenomenon particularly erupted into fanfictions as critical data artefacts, even predicting Reylo as a romantic pairing years before the second and third films in the franchise trilogy Star Wars: The Last Jedi and Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. The Reylo pairing is just one example of how online Star Wars fanfiction communities expand audience participation to autonomous collective identity formation. This article examines feminist fanfictions in the Star Wars fandom as gendered critical data artefacts, as collaborative communities of practice, and as counterpublic discourses that apply feminist critiques to conventional gender roles within the most recent film trilogy and the fandom itself.

Launched at the Photo Club de Paris in 1907, the Autochrome process invented by the Lumière brothers was the only photographic medium that reproduced colours truthfully until the late 1920s: once exposed the glass plate positives could not be retouched or manipulated in any way. Compared to hand-coloured film, photographs or crude lithography in print media, the authentic representation of the colour of clothes in autochromes comes as a revelation, as does the beauty of the images themselves. Hitherto seldom referenced by dress historians, autochromes have been neglected by scholars and curators because of the difficulties of storage, handling and reproduction, yet from their invention until the introduction of colour film c1930, they were widely used by amateurs and commercial photographers, therefore they are invaluable for the authentication of colour in dress during this period. Of an estimated 20 million plates manufactured by the Lumières, approximately 4 million are thought to have survived. This paper explored the potential of the autochrome as a source of visual evidence for dress historians during World War 1, by exploring the Archives de la Planète, created by French millionaire industrialist, Albert Kahn (1860-1940), whose pacifist beliefs lead him to equip a team of photographers, both professional and untrained, with this latest technology. Kahn's autochromistes were commissioned to record the daily lives of the people they encountered in fifty countries across the world, particularly those whose cultures he anticipated would soon be under threat from the consequences of political and social turmoil in the early twentieth century. The Archives de la Planète, now comprising 72,000 autochromes, 4,000 black and white photographs and 120 hours of moving film footage is housed in the Musée Albert Kahn, his former home just outside Paris. Digitization of the collection is ongoing today. The Kahn autochromes show the dress of many people and cultures across the world from the West of Ireland to China and Japan in the years immediately before the outbreak of the War. His photographers also recorded the French troops during the conflict and the daily lives of local working people as well as celebrations such as victory parade in London in 1919. Folk dress, army uniform and working dress are well-represented, in addition to some images of fashionable dress worn by visitors to Kahn's villa in the south of France and to his Paris mansion. Autochromes from other collections, such as those taken by Lionel de Rothschild and those in the National Media Museum, London and Bradford may also be referenced.

Cover -- Half Title -- Copyright Page -- Title Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword: Dispatch from the 'dark side' -- About the Author -- 1. How we are supposed to work for free -- 2. We can do better -- 3. To specialise or not to specialise? -- 4. Marketing: a dirty word in architectual circles -- 5. Mission and vision -- 6. Branding and company culture -- Public Relations -- 7. 'If I was down to my last dollar, I would spend it on PR' -- 7.1 Writing a marketing strategy -- 8. The office is your business card -- 9. Your website: your online shop window -- 10. Your work amid a changing media landscape -- 10.1 Print media -- 10.2 Online media -- 10.3 Social media -- 10.4 Television -- 10.5 Vlogs and podcasts -- 10.6 Crisis communication and the outreach that might prevent it -- 10.7 Other media -- 11. Lectures -- 12. Awards -- 13. Your product in the picture -- 13.1 The drawing -- 13.2 The render -- 13.3 Collages and hand drawings -- 13.4 Talking to clients: the project text and press release -- 13.5 The model -- 14. The built project -- 15. The project book -- 16. Exhibitions -- 17. Prioritising -- Business Development -- 18. Business development, the direct way to win new work -- 19. Client relationships: a personal 'click' or a financial agreement? -- 20. Who is your client and how do you approach them? -- 21. Just do it -- 22. Going abroad -- 23. Fairs -- 24. How to calculate a fee -- 25. Contracts: managing risks and keeping promises -- 26. It's not easy being green -- 27. The pitch -- 28. Broadening your portfolio -- 29. Planning workflow -- 30. Collaborations -- 31. Learning from others -- 32. Styles -- 33. Ethics for architects -- 34. Suing your client -- 35. Spam and fraud -- 36. Crisis -- Case Studies -- 1. shedkm -- 2. MgMaStudio -- 3. Studio MUTT -- 4. Coffey Architects -- 5. DMA -- 6. Feilden Fowles -- 7. Turner Works.

"In the imaginations of early Americans, the Middle Kingdom was the wealthiest empire in the world. Its geographical distance did not deter commercial aspirations--rather, it inspired them. Starting in the late eighteenth century, merchants from New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Salem, Newport, and elsewhere cast speculative lines to China. The resulting fortunes shaped the cultural foundation of the early republic and funded westward frontier expansion. In The New Middle Kingdom, Kendall A. Johnson argues that--for the merchant princes who speculated in the global Far East, as well as the missionaries and diplomats who followed them--Manifest Destiny spurred more than the coalescence of the fractious regions into the continental Far West. It also promised a golden gateway to the Pacific Ocean through which the nation would realize its historical destiny as the world's new Middle Kingdom of commerce. Examining the influential accounts of Westerners at the center of early US cultural development abroad, Johnson conceives a romance of free trade with China as a quest narrative of national accomplishment in a global marketplace. Drawing from a richly descriptive cross-cultural archive, the book presents key moments in early relations among the twenty-first century's superpowers through memoirs, biographies, epistolary journals, magazines, book reviews, fiction and poetry by Melville, Twain, Whitman, and others, travel narratives, and treaties, as well as maps and engraved illustrations. Paying close attention to figurative language, generic forms, and the social dynamics of print cultural production and circulation, Johnson shows how authors, editors, and printers appealed to multiple overlapping audiences in China, in the United States, and throughout the world. Spanning a full century, from the post-Revolutionary War era to the Gilded Age, The New Middle Kingdom is a vivid look at the Far East through Western eyes, one that highlights the importance of China in antebellum US culture."