The development of Chinese learning throughout the world has increased significantly from time to time, including in Indonesia. For this reason, an increase in public interest in Chinese learning causes an increase in the need for learning resources. The current obstacle is that teachers find it challenging to choose the right textbook for learning Chinese by the government curriculum. So it is necessary to reference Chinese teachers in Indonesia to select teaching materials suitable for learning Chinese, especially for high school students.
AbstractIndonesia is one of the countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, so many victims died. Seeing an increase in Covid-19 cases, the government made a physical distancing policy to reduce the spread of Covid-19. However, this policy has an impact on hampered economic activity. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in 2020, the number of poor people in March 2020 was 26.42 million people, an increase of 1.63 million people compared to September 2019. In addition, the Indonesian economy in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 experienced a growth contraction of 5.32 percent (y-on-y). One of the groups of people who feel the impact of the Covid-19 on the family's economic condition is a group of people with disabilities. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, many people with disabilities have lost their jobs. In addition, some of them have succeeded in developing cooperatives. Currently, there are many Cooperatives for Persons with Disabilities. However, their work is lacking in demand due to declining demand in the market. Therefore, this is the background for community service activities to increase business volume through optimizing the use of digital platforms at the Indonesian Disability Cooperative. With business assistance for people with disabilities, it can help improve the skills of people with disabilities and help promote their products so that they can expand the marketing reach of products for people with disabilities. Thus, the income of persons with disabilities will increase.Keywords: Cooperatives, Disability, Digital Platform, Covid-19AbstrakIndonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang terdampak pandemi Covid-19, sehingga banyak korban meninggal. Melihat adanya peningkatan kasus Covid-19, pemerintah membuat kebijakan pysical distancing untuk mengurangi penyebaran Covid-19. Namun, kebijakan tersebut berdampak pada aktivitas perekonomian yang terhambat. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada tahun 2020, jumlah penduduk miskin pada Maret 2020 sebesar 26,42 juta orang, meningkat 1,63 juta orang terhadap September 2019. Selain itu, ekonomi Indonesia triwulan II-2020 terhadap triwulan II-2019 mengalami kontraksi pertumbuhan sebesar 5,32 persen (y-on-y). Salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang merasakan dampak adanya Covid-19 terhadap kondisi perekonomian keluarga yaitu kelompok masyarakat penyandang disabilitas. Sejak adanya pandemi Covid-19, banyak dari para penyandang disabilitas yang kehilangan pekerjaannya. Disamping itu, sebagian dari mereka telah berhasil mengembangkan koperasi. Saat ini telah banyak Koperasi Penyandang Disabilitas. Namun demikian, hasil karya mereka sepi peminat karena permintaannya yang menurun di pasar. Oleh karena itu, hal tersebut menjadi latar belakang kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam rangka peningkatan volume usaha melalui optimalisasi penggunaan plaftom digital pada Koperasi Disabilitas Indonesia. Dengan adanya pendampingan usaha untuk penyandang disabilitas, maka dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan para penyandang disabilitas serta membantu memasarkan produknya sehingga dapat memperluas jangkauan pemasaran produk para penyandang disabilitas. Dengan demikian, maka pendapatan para penyandang disabilitas akan meningkat.Kata Kunci: Koperasi, Disabilitas, Platform Digital, Covid-19
Berita tentang kemerdekaan 17 Agustus 1945 telah sampai di pemerintahan kesultanan Bulungan. Akan tetapi kesultanan Bulungan tidak bisa menentukan sikap, sebab segala bentuk keamanan baik sipil maupun militer telah dikuasai oleh NICA (Belanda). Pihak Belanda kembali menanamkan pengaruh kekuasaanya di wilayah Kesultanan Bulungan. Adapun upaya dari pihak NICA (Belanda) untuk menandingi negara Republik Indonesia dengan membentuk suatu bentuk tatanan pemerintahan baru yakni berbentuk federal yang terdiri atas wilayah Kalimantan dan Timur Besar bernama RIS (Republik Indonesia Serikat). Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Mengapa Sultan Bulungan lebih memilih bergabung dengan pihak Republik Indonesia dibandingkan pihak Belanda dan bagaimana strategi kebijakan politik Sultan Bulungan terhadap pemerintah RI dan pemerintah Belanda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan alasan mengapa Sultan Bulungan lebih memilih bergabung dengan Pemerintah RI dibandingkan pihak Belanda dan menjelaskan bagaimana strategi kebijakan politik yang diambil Sultan Bulungan terhadap pemerintah RI dan Belanda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yaitu, heuristik, kritik sumber, Interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian yang dapat diperoleh adalah Kesultanan Bulungan memutuskan berpihak kepada RI sebab sikap kesewenang-wenangan Belanda dalam setiap pengambilan kebijakan lebih banyak merugikan Kesultanan Bulungan. Pungutan pajak memberatkan masyarakat, hingga menimbulkan pergolakan sebagai bentuk protes terhadap Belanda. Sehingga pada masa mempertahankan kemerdekaan dari ancaman Belanda yang membentuk negara federal, pada periode tahun 1945-1949 Sultan mengambil langkah poltik Diplomasi dan Politik Bermuka Dua terhadap pemerintah RI dan Belanda, yang pada akhirnya politik tersebut berhasil menghantarkan Kesultanan Bulungan pada keputusan mendukung Republik Indonesia. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan dilangsungkannya upacara kemerdekaan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1949 dan dikibarkannya bendera Merah Putih di depan halaman istana dan disaksikan oleh seluruh masyarakat Kesultanan Bulungan. Kata kunci: Kesultanan Bulungan, Politik, Setrategi
ABSTRAKDrones are aircraft without the crew being controlled remotely. Drone is set out in article 8 of the Chicago Convention 1944. During the Viet Nam War, China showed photos of the aircraft without the crew of a fallen U.S. Viet Nam war Us air force response was simply "no comment ". Formulation of the problem 1) how setting as a tool of combat drones in the military aviation likened to an aircraft according to international law 2) legal Indonesia implementation how to set about the drone as a means of military combat in Indonesia. This type of normative legal research. The data source in the form of primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques document did a study and analysis of qualitative data. A summary of the results of the study 1) aircraft without the crew on the practice enabled by countries as the military aircraft that its use must be subject to and in accordance with the settings of the 1944 Chicago Convention article 3. Usage outside of the territorial boundaries of the region should get a special authorization from the country under Indonesia law implementation) 2 set of drone through the regulation of the Minister of transportation of INDONESIA No. 2015 year 90 about controlling aircraft without crew territory air space served Indonesia. However, the regulation has still not quite embody needs drones.Keywords: settings, Drones, combat Tools, Implementation
Perguruan Kebatinan Sandhi Murti Indonesia is establised by I Gusti Ngurah Harta on 27th April 1990 in Denpasar City, Bali. Practice of kanuragan is identical to the stigma of violence, the practice of inner power and pangleakan associated with black magic, so this study aims to analyze and answer the formulation of the problems on the existence of social practices of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali. This study is constructed as a cultural studies. The results of study showed the existence of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali for 24 years (1990-2004) is characterized by the development of forms of activity in sports as well as in the arts, mysticism, economy and politics. Sandhi Murti social practices are also undergoing expansion area of activity in the branch organization in Tabanan Bali and Sandhi Murti Bulgaria in Europe, as well as developed personally by members overseas such as Australia, America, Russia and others. Sandhi Murti practices in the field of kanuragan is based on the teachings of siwa tantra (tantric), or siwa bhairawa, kandapat and dasaksara. Functions of kanuragan practiced by Sandhi Murti, such as : psychosomatic and psycho-kinetics therapy; commodity and recreational; magical function, social and cultural functions.The significance of social practices of Sandhi Murti develop social capital through group of solidarity. Significance of cultural transformation Sandhi Murti kanuragan practices reflected the cultural inheritance of tantric into organizational habitus.
Indonesia's electricity consumption reached 1,109 kilowatt hours (kWh) per capita in the third quarter of 2021. Power generation in Indonesia is dominated by the use of coal which has negative environmental impacts, one of which is carbon emissions (CO2) and extreme climate change. renewable energy, as a strategic option for mitigating environmental problems. This study examines the effect of renewable energy electricity on the green economy in Indonesia. The purpose of this study 1) To analyze the effect of renewable electricity, CO2 emissions, population, economic openness, foreign investment and coal consumption on green gross domestic product in Indonesia. 2) To analyze the effectiveness of government policies in developing renewable electric power in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the error correction model to determine the long-term and short-term effects between variables. The data used in this study is from 1990-2019. The results of the study found that the variables that affect the short and long term green economy in Indonesia are renewable electricity, carbon emissions, population, coal consumption and trade openness. Meanwhile, the variable that does not affect the short and long term green economy in Indonesia is foreign investment.
The 2007 Indonesian investment law granted national treatment for foreign investors, establishing a transparent 'negative list' for out-of-bonds investment sectors, and has been considired as a reformative regulation in Indonesia's economic strategy. However, decentralized systems give autonomy to local governments to manage their projects and infrastructure themselves. This leads into increasiig investment burdens through their opaque measures that are creating perceptions of risk for foreign investors. As a result, lack of legal certainty, inconsistent regulations and judiciary system would hamter investments. This article argues that law 25/2007 should be supported by a comprehensive investment policy to attract more foreign investors into Indonesia. A key element in establishing a competitive region is a free and open investment regime, This article addresses policy impediment to private investment in Indonesia as well as in the ASEAN region. Indonesia and ASEAN should have non-discriminatory treatment extended to foreign investors including ASEAN-based inveitors, as the establishment of ASEAN Economic community (AEC) will cornmence in 2015. Legal certainty of international business transaction by private investors is fostering investments by both direct investment and indirect investment (portfolio). Parties to investment agreements include individuals, small, medium and large multinational corporations, and countries. In this centralized global atmosphere, the Indonesian agovemment has to provide guarantees to leverage private investments.
Tax is one of the reliable state revenues. To optimize tax revenue as a source of state revenue, there needs to be excellent service for each taxpayer. The shadows of the lack of tax revenue continue to lurk. Tax revenue performance, which is the biggest contributor to state revenue, began to slow down. This paper wants to reveal whether the various forms of tax incentives are indeed an urgent need for investors? The provision of tax incentives will indeed suppress the performance of tax revenue. Tax incentives are a determinant of investment activities, but not the only one. Do not let the core of the problem be in another domain, but tax incentives are used as a solution. The results of this paper are in the form of an analysis of literature studies that in a broad perspective, temporary tax incentives have a greater short-term impact than permanent policies. Tax incentives are a necessary requirement to spur investment but are not sufficient to reach sustainable economic growth. In essence, the government must "maintain the spirit" of tax incentives by dedicating them in the corridor of improving the investment climate. And in this era of economic transparency and conducive democracy, domestic policy makers should be able to issue policies that are supposed to apply (ius constitutum) should not apply (ius constituendum) so that "marwah" tax incentives can be maintained justice and benefit that can felt by all Indonesian people. Keywords: Tax Incentives, Marwah, State Revenue, Goverment of PolicyPajak adalah salah satu penerimaan negara yang andal. Untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan pajak sebagai sumber penerimaan negara, perlu ada layanan yang sangat baik untuk setiap wajib pajak. Bayang-bayang kurangnya penerimaan pajak terus mengintai. Kinerja penerimaan pajak, yang merupakan penyumbang terbesar bagi penerimaan negara, mulai melambat. Tulisan ilmiah ini ingin mengungkapkan apakah berbagai bentuk insentif pajak memang merupakan kebutuhan mendesak bagi investor? Pemberian insentif pajak memang akan menekan kinerja penerimaan pajak. Insentif pajak merupakan penentu kegiatan investasi, tetapi bukan satu-satunya. Jangan biarkan inti masalah berada di domain lain, tetapi insentif pajak digunakan sebagai solusi.Hasil dari tulisan ilmiah ini adalah dalam bentuk analisis studi literatur dalam perspektif luas, dimana insentif pajak temporer memiliki dampak jangka pendek yang lebih besar daripada kebijakan permanen. Insentif pajak merupakan persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk memacu investasi tetapi tidak cukup untuk mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan. Intinya, pemerintah harus "menjaga marwah" insentif pajak dengan mendedikasikan mereka dalam meningkatkan iklim investasi. Dan di era transparansi ekonomi dan demokrasi yang kondusif ini, pembuat kebijakan dalam negeri harus dapat mengeluarkan kebijakan yang seharusnya berlaku (ius constutumum) bukan sebaiknya berlaku (ius constituendum) agar "marwah" insentif pajak dapat terjaga keadilan dan kemaslahatannya yang dapat dirasakan seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Kata kunci: Insentif Pajak, Marwah, Penerimaan Negara, Kebijakan Pemerintah
The trend of religious conservatism in Indonesian public sector is increasing nowadays. But the trend is not followed by the rise of political Islam"s popularity. The Islamic political parties are precisely abandoned by their sympathizers because of some reasons. This paper tries to elaborate the reasons causing the erosion of Islamic parties" political legitimacy. Some fundamental problems such as inability to transform ideology into political platform, internal-factionalism, as well as the crisis of identity will be explained further. The experience from 2009 election can be used to revitalize their power and capacity for the better electability in the next 2014 election. But they seem to be unable to deal with the previous problems making the electability erosion in 2014 more potential and inevitable. Various strategies must be conducted by the parties such as consolidation, revitalizing their political communication strategy, widening political networks across various ideological and religious streams, and others. Without that, their existence would be subordinated by the secular parties to become the second class political players in this biggest Moslem country in the world.
Basically, to state an employment agreement is considered valid or not it's obliged to pay attention to the provisions of article 1320 of the Civil Code. The provisions of the employment agreement at least benefit workers as stipulated in the labor legislation, company regulations, or collective agreements. A revised agreement between the governments of Malaysia and Indonesia provide some benefits for migrant domestic workers but failed to provide some degree of protection related to low wages and high cost of recruitment. A series of violent cases received widespread attention led Indonesia in June 2009 to prohibit new recruitment of domestic workers to work in Malaysia until the new protection is applied. This agreement includes a positive change where workers are allowed to keep their passports instead must submit passports to the employer, and ensure workers to get their weekly rest. But the agreement didn't stipulate a minimum wage as Indonesia wanted and perpetuates the recruitment fee structures that entrap workers in debt.Keywords: Employment Agreement, History, Politics, GovernmentBasically, to state an employment agreement is considered valid or not it's obliged topay attention to the provisions of article 1320 of the Civil Code. The provisions of theemployment agreement at least benefit workers as stipulated in the labor legislation,company regulations, or collective agreements. A revised agreement between thegovernments of Malaysia and Indonesia provide some benefits for migrant domestic workersbut failed to provide some degree of protection related to low wages and high cost ofrecruitment. A series of violent cases received widespread attention led Indonesia in June2009 to prohibit new recruitment of domestic workers to work in Malaysia until the newprotection is applied. This agreement includes a positive change where workers are allowedto keep their passports instead must submit passports to the employer, and ensure workers toget their weekly rest. But the agreement didn't stipulate a minimum wage as Indonesiawanted and perpetuates the recruitment fee structures that entrap workers in debt.Keywords: Employment Agreement, History, Politics, GovernmentPENDAHULUAN
This article is addressed to describe the political development in Kaimana, West Papua, at the integration period between 1961 and 1969. The method of research employed by this study is oral history, which emphasize on interviews to several informants in Kaimana. However, the result of interviews were supported by archival studies to find accurate findings and analysis. Based on several historical narration, it is founded that the history of Kaimana in the Indonesian context is the history of struggle against Dutch colonialism. The history has built the Indonesian representation in Papua which always deal with Papua political identity constructed by nationalist Papua. From oral history, we reveal that Dutch officials and some groups of Papua implanted Papuans political identity based on racial differences. Another finding is the story about Let col. Untung Syamsuri, former Cakrabirawa commander, who were suspected involved in the Indonesian Communist Part coup in 1965. From several interviews, native people of Kaimana admired and respected a lot to this officer due to he has represented Indonesia in more humanize.Keywords: integration, Pepera, KaimanaArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses politik di Kaminana, Papua Barat, pada saat periode integrasi di tahun 1961 dan 1969. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan strategi sejarah lisan dan menekankan pada wawancara terhadap beberapa informan di Kaimana. Kemudian, hasil dari wawancara didukung pula dengan kajian arsip untuk menemukan keakuratan temuan dan analisis. Berdasarkan beberapa cerita sejarah, sejarah Kaimana dalam konteks Indonesia adalah sejarah tentang perlawanan rakyat dengan kolonialisme Belanda. Sejarah dibangunan dari representasi Indonesia, di mana selalu terkait dengan politik identitas masyarakat Papua. Berdasarkan sejarah lisan, terungkap bahwa Belanda dan beberapa orang Papua menanamkan bahwa identitas politik papua harus berdasar pada perbedaan ras. Selain itu, temuan lain adalah terkait cerita dari Letnan Kolonel Untung Syamsuri, mantan komandan Cakrabirawa, yang terlibat dalam "kudeta" Partai Komunis Indonesia di tahun 1965. Dari beberapa wawancara, orang asli Kaimana lebih mengagumi dan menghormati petugas Indonesia karena lebih humanis.Kata kunci: integrasi, Pepera, Kaimana
As the fourth most populous country globally, the country has a very high number of traffic accidents. Casualties due to accidents in Indonesia are more than the number of victims of terrorism, tsunamis, and floods. The number of traffic accident casualties in Indonesia is about 28-30 thousand people per year, ranking second among the countries in ASEAN. In Indonesia, traffic accidents, especially those involving motorcyclists, are relatively high. Even if there are 1 million incidents in one day, then 2.76 percent occur in Indonesia, with the average victim being in the productive age between 15 to 22 years. Road Safety Association is a non-governmental organization that conducts social marketing communication activities in campaigning for safe driving. The approach of this research is descriptive and qualitative. Data collection techniques are interviews and literature studies by exploring relevant data through books, websites, and documentation. From the field findings and interviews, Road Safety Association has conducted Road Safety campaign activities using various media. Such as print media (such as brochures and banners), electronic media (such as television and radio), and internet media (website, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter). In addition, RSA also often conducts campaigns face-to-face through roadshow activities, action down directly to the highway, training, and counseling. RSA is also actively working with government and international NGOs for Road Safety.
