Suchergebnisse

L'International Seminar on Macroeconomics (ISoM) est une conférence annuelle co-financée, pendant 15 ans (1978-1993), par l'EHESS et le NBER. Cet article expose les dynamiques institutionnelles et scientifiques sous-jacentes à cette coopération. Nous suggérons que les macroéconomistes rassemblés par l'ISoM contribuèrent grandement à la constitution d'un réseau européen d'économistes, partageant certains standards intellectuels et professionnels. Nous montrons que l'ISoM se situait au croisement de deux types d'« internationalisation » de l'économie : l'intégration au niveau européen des communautés de recherche nationales, ainsi qu'un processus d'« américanisation » de la discipline. Alors que la littérature existante sur l'« internationalisation » se concentre plutôt sur le niveau national, notre article étudie ce processus à l'échelle européenne. À cet égard, nous mettons en évidence le rôle clé joué par deux programmes de recherches en macroéconomie : la modélisation macroéconométrique à grande échelle et la théorie du déséquilibre.

BACKGROUND: A variety of policies have been implemented around the world in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study originally aimed to identify and compare policy responses of different countries and their effects on the pandemic. It quickly evolved into an identification of the heterogeneity among existing policies and the challenges in making meaningful comparisons of the impact of these policies. METHODS: The process of collecting and comparing data from different sources was analysed through inductive thematic analysis to understand the obstacles that impede research designed to compare COVID-19 data and related policies. RESULTS: We identified the following obstacles: (1) no single reputable source of information and too much noise; (2) a lack of standards for how to measure and report data across countries; (3) variations in the content, implementation and enforcement of policies; and (4) politics, instead of science, leading the efforts in pandemic management. CONCLUSION: Heterogeneity in existing policies makes it challenging to compare the effects of various policies worldwide on the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings call for an automatically updated informatics infrastructure across the globe for collecting and maintaining standardized data from multiple sources. There is a strong need for steadfast utilization of scientific and technical experts to inform and influence health policy. Increased investment in public health and emergency planning is essential to overcome the current pandemic, as well as future public health emergencies. Focused leadership and collaboration from world leaders in a unified mission to decrease the mortality and morbidity of the COVID-19 pandemic is imperative.

Vietnam is in the process of developing into a middle-income country in the world. The widespread epidemic of covid-19 has had a negative impact on most Vietnam enterprises. However, the Vietnamese government's success in disease control has contributed to the recovery of business performance and efficiency. Vietnamese enterprises used to mobilize capital mainly through banking channels. In recent times, bonds are an important long-term capital mobilization tool for businesses, helping businesses reduce their dependence on commercial banks. This article mentions the development of the Vietnamese corporate bond market based on the experiences of several countries around the world.

This article reflects about the contextual and theoretical assumptions of the project 'Trovoada de Ideias: Linguistic and social inclusion of students from Portuguese-speaking African countries in Portuguese higher education', an ongoing action research on Portuguese academic language teaching involving students who speak different varieties of Portuguese. By adopting a multidimensional inclusion approach (simultaneously linguistic, cultural and social), the ultimate aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors of (in)comprehension between students fluent in different norms of Portuguese and the university host community in Portugal, and consequently, building a frame for improving higher education institutions responses to multicultural challenges implied in the social dynamics of language variation.