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Independence and liberty of cyberspace enabled inception of new kind mass media. Internet based news organization no longer needed to obey national laws and acknowledge states' superiority in international political communication. News organizations, like Google, Facebook, Twitter, Wikileaks, etc., have emerged as mighty actors in the international communicative activities. They are being driven by self-interests, which not necessary conform sovereign states' interests. The development of new kind mass media are not being determined by national laws or other offline rules. This study determined the role of self-ruling mass media in the international political communication. Also, this work showed that emergence of new kind mass media have caused substantial decline of sovereign states' power in international political communication.

Independence and liberty of cyberspace enabled inception of new kind mass media. Internet based news organization no longer needed to obey national laws and acknowledge states' superiority in international political communication. News organizations, like Google, Facebook, Twitter, Wikileaks, etc., have emerged as mighty actors in the international communicative activities. They are being driven by self-interests, which not necessary conform sovereign states' interests. The development of new kind mass media are not being determined by national laws or other offline rules. This study determined the role of self-ruling mass media in the international political communication. Also, this work showed that emergence of new kind mass media have caused substantial decline of sovereign states' power in international political communication.

Independence and liberty of cyberspace enabled inception of new kind mass media. Internet based news organization no longer needed to obey national laws and acknowledge states' superiority in international political communication. News organizations, like Google, Facebook, Twitter, Wikileaks, etc., have emerged as mighty actors in the international communicative activities. They are being driven by self-interests, which not necessary conform sovereign states' interests. The development of new kind mass media are not being determined by national laws or other offline rules. This study determined the role of self-ruling mass media in the international political communication. Also, this work showed that emergence of new kind mass media have caused substantial decline of sovereign states' power in international political communication.

The article deals with the press discourse of the XXth century beginning as a relevant scientific object, having an outstanding significance for Ukrainian nation formation, preparation of prerequisites for Ukrainian revolution and its achievements defense. As one of its important part, the author considers publications, devoted to Ukrainian spiritual revival, language and cultural problems as the basis and instrument in the struggle for Ukrainian statehood. Not once did this period attract attention of historians (V. Veryha, D. Doroshenko, H. Kasianov, P. Huba), we have thorough and complex scientific researches (I. Krupskyi, I. Mykhailyn, N. Sydorenko, M. Tymoshyk, P. Fedoryshyn), but there exists a problem of deeper understanding of some problem aspects, accent adjustment due to the possibility of attracting new publications, fact data, updating of certain historic assessments on this basis. The tasks of the article are to differentiate thematic directions of struggle for strengthening Ukrainian statehood in democratic-national press at the XXth century beginning; to outline problem-thematic and genre constructs of press struggle for Ukrainian language consolidation as important means of nation- and state formation; to analyze the systems of means and devices, used by authors and editorial boards of democratic Ukrainian periodicals – daily unaffiliated newspaper "Vidrodzhennia" ("Revival"), Ukrainian satiric journals "Budiak" ("Thistle"), "Gedz", "Repiakhy" ("Burdocks"). Thematic directions of the press struggle for strengthening Ukrainian statehood at the XXth century beginning are drawn a line round. The reflection of one of its important aspects – defending the Ukrainian language – in Ukrainian periodicals (newpaper "Vidrodzhennia", satiric journals "Gedz", "Budiak", "Repiakhy") is analyzed. Problem-thematic, genre constructs of representation of the Ukrainian language problem as an important means of nation and statehood formation in printed mass media are stated. The role of Ukrainian democratic press in ...

The experience of transportation—being absorbed in a narrative—and its relationship to persuasion were considered in two studies exploring responses to health-promoting mass media messages. Following Epstein's (1994) cognitive-experiential self-theory, two pathways to persuasion were considered: cognitive and experiential. In Study 1 ( n = 121), smokers who experienced increased transportation in response to antismoking messages reported that they would make a greater effort to quit smoking, and this effect was mediated by both experiential (emotional and self-referencing) and cognitive responses to the messages. In Study 2 ( n = 110), experiential responses to magazine messages promoting skin protection were related to intentions to protect oneself, and this effect was mediated by feelings of risk.The implications of these results are discussed in terms of principles for effective health communication campaigns as well as theoretical advances in narrative persuasion in the context of health communication.

In Internet-based social networks, the nodes have the most pivotal role in the processes and outcomes of the networks. Whether they pay attention to a message in the network or ignore it defines the fate of the message. One message is shared and re-shared by millions of users and another is left forgotten. The current study tries to shed light on one aspect of the role of the users in a social network: How are people different in the types of messages to which they pay attention? Some 500 Facebook users were interviewed and a creative method were used to find the public Facebook messages on which they had commented. Then, the researchers coded the data into different categories and carried out statistical analyses looking for significant relations between the types of Facebook users and the types of messages on which they commented. The results of the study include 21 significant relations, suggesting that the approach taken by this study can be promising and if completed by several other studies it could help us find local and universal patterns that affect the flow of information. With enough knowledge on social networks we must be able to design specific messages, for specific groups of people.

This article gathers data from the annual survey –up to 2014– carried out in Ecuador regarding the credibility of mass media and journalists. Credibility is a current issue in Ecuador because of the law and the critics to the government. The data show variability regarding political circumstances; for this reason, it is possible to say that television generates credibility, but the press has been forced to change its strategies by optimizing its indexes. Newscasters are better positioned than other journalists, who have low indexes. There are issues regarding independence, impartiality, and transparency, among others. All this affects the perception of the public opinion in Ecuador. ; El artículo recoge los datos de la encuesta anual, hasta 2014, realizada en Ecuador, acerca de la credibilidad de medios y periodistas. La credibilidad es de actualidad en Ecuador, ya que las leyes y la crítica gubernamental han puesto en tensión al campo de medios de comunicación. Los datos reflejan variabilidad con respecto la coyuntura política. Es así que la televisión tiene credibilidad, mientras que la prensa ha debido cambiar sus estrategias, optimizando sus índices. Los periodistas de televisión, igualmente, tienen mejor posición que aquellos que trabajan en otros sectores de medios, notándose índices bajos. Hay problemas de independencia, imparcialidad, transparencia, entre otros, hechos que afectan la percepción de la opinión pública ecuatoriana.

Persaingan antar perusahaan yang ketat menuntut perusahaan untuk menjadi yang terdepan dan mendapatkan penilaian positif dari masyarakat yang berujung dengan peningkatan citra perusahaan. Perusahaan berusaha menyenangkan masyarakat dan stakeholder dengan melakukan hal-hal positif, inovatif dan menunjukkan prestasi-prestasi yang baik kepada publik. Salah satu caranya adalah melaksanakan kegiatan Corporate Social Responsibility dan melakukan pelaporan kegiatan di media massa online. Kemudahan transparansi kegiatan bisnis ini dilakukan karena adanya perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yang dapat dengan mudah menjadi jembatan informasi dari perusahaan ke masyarakat sekaligus sebagai sarana menjalankan tujuan atau peran Public Relation dengan mudah. Pelaporan aktivitas CSR inipun dapat mengungkapkan bahwa keberadaan perusahaan tidak hanya untuk memaksimalkan kekayaan pemilik, namun juga melayani kepentingan stakeholder seperti mayasrakat, karyawan, dan pemerintah seperti yang disampaikan oleh teori Stakeholder. PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan D.I.Y merupakan perusahaan yang turut melakukan kegiatan Corporate Social Responsibility serta mempublikasikannya di media massa online. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis isi pesan dalam berita CSR PT. PLN Jawa Tengah yang ada di media massa online Tribunjateng.com menggunakan tipe penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan pendekatan analisis isi terhadap 28 berita terkait kegiatan CSR PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan D.I.Y. Penelitian berfokus pada aktivitas yang ada pada berita CSR perusahaan serta kecenderungan isi pesan dibagi menjadi empat indikator yaitu tanggung jawab, program, manfaat dan tujuan CSR. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan kecenderungan isi berita pada berita CSR paling banyak membahas mengenai Program CSR dengan persentase 46,4% sebanyak 13 berita, Tanggung Jawab CSR sebanyak 32.3%, Manfaat sebanyak 7.1% dan Tujuan CSR sebanyak 14.3%. ; Intense competition between companies requires companies to be at the forefront and get a positive assessment from the community which leads to an improvement in the company's image. Companies try to please the community and stakeholders by doing positive, innovative things, and showing good achievements to the public. One way is to carry out Corporate Social Responsibility activities and to report activities in the online mass media. The ease of transparency of these business activities is carried out because of the development of communication and information technology that can easily become a bridge of information from the company to the community as well as a means of carrying out the goals or role of Public Relations easily. Reporting on CSR activities can also reveal that the existence of a company is not only to maximize the wealth of the owner, but also to serve the interests of stakeholders such as public, employees, and the government as conveyed by the stakeholder theory. State-owned electricity company PT. PLN in Central Java and Yogyakarta also carries out Corporate Social Responsibility activities and publishes it on online mass media. This research aims to analyze the news contents on the CSR of PT. PLN in Central Java and Yogyakarta published by Tribunjateng.com, by using quantitative content analysis. This descriptive research focuses on the CSR news of the PT PLN and their tendency, which measured by four indicators namely CSR responsibilities, programs, benefits and objectives. The results revealed the tendency of news content on CSR news to discuss the most about CSR Programs with a percentage of 46.4% of 13 news, CSR Responsibility of 32.3%, Benefits of 7.1% and CSR Objectives of 14.3%. Keywords: CSR news, Stakeholder theory, Content analysis, CSR Communications, Public Relations

AbstractThis work examines the influence of mass media on rural out‐migration using historical and contemporary data from a setting experiencing massive social and economic development in the last half‐century. Data come from the Chitwan Valley Family Study, an ongoing study of an agrarian region in rural Nepal. Media are hypothesized to affect migration by inducing attitudinal and behavioural changes similar to those of other determinants of migration. As their influence differs from other determinants in important ways, media represent a unique form of influence that should be taken into account. I find that movie and television exposure are significant determinants of out‐migration in historical contexts, although television exposure was important in more contemporary contexts. Differences in these effects probably indicate the timing of the spread of each type of media and changing preferences among media consumers.

This paper analyses the transformations of mass media in the process of constructing the European identity after the two enlargements. I will focus on the impact of mass communication on Europeanization. I study the transition in Romania in particular to understand Europeanization, otherwise it sounds as if my study covers the broad scope in Europe, and case study is Romanian media. My thesis is that mass media could play an active role in promoting the European integration process if it shifted its attention from reflecting historical particularities to reflecting upon the modern evolution of each EU member. I introduce the concept of tendentious modernity, useful in studying mass communication in transitional societies. In such societies, modernization began with political institutional construction and not with the building of the capitalist economy. Modernity is the framework and main element upon which a nation is supported, a mosaic however not by means of economy, the basis of a national development and progress. In these societies, such as Romania, mass media promote this mosaic modernity, and, at the same time they, acts the primary messenger of modernity and Europeanization. Keywords: Europeanization; Mass media; Modernity; Tendentious modernity ; Este artigo analisa as transformações dos meios de comunicação de massa no processo de construção de identidade europeia após as duas ampliações. Irei me concentrar no impacto dos meios de comunicação de massa na europeização. Estudo a transição na Romênia em particular para entender a europeização, do contrário parece como se meu estudo cobrisse toda a Europa, e os meios de comunicação na Romênia. Minha tese é que os meios de comunicação poderiam exercer um papel ativo na promoção do processo de integração europeia caso mudasse sua atenção das particularidades históricas para a evolução moderna de cada país-membro da UE. Introduzo o conceito de modernidade tendenciosa, útil para estudar meios de comunicação de massa em sociedades em transição. Nessas ...

More than one hundred years ago, once the radio appeared, mass media started to be more pronounced. Mass-media market diversified its offer, and the quality and creativity of economical agents determined a reassert on the competition and performance scale. For our research in mass media field, we distinguish two vital aspects of economic quality and performance: audience and financial results. In this section we will try to follow the evolution of the main players from the Romanian audiovisual market on the radio segment, taking into account these two variables: audience and financial results. Quality and performance in mass-media are two elements desired on one side by mass-media producers: the owners and employees from this field, and on the other side, by mass-media customers: audience and publicity buyers. We analyse the aspects of quality and performance in Romanian media industry in o period of rapid change. The changes are on multiple levels, and the most accentuated regards the consumer's behaviour, market environment, technological changes and legal regulations. The changes in the consumer behaviour are determined by their perceptiveness towards the digital world. Quality and performance in mass-media are two desired elements, on one side by the mass-media producers: owners and employees in the field, and on the other side by mass-media customers: audience and publicity buyers.