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AbstractDiasporas are increasingly seen as an economic resource and new agents in sending state development regimes. The nature of these state‐diaspora relationships are matters of increasing interest to scholars. In this paper we examine the case of India and the current government's engagement with diaspora groups, especially alumni networks of Indian Institutes of Technology and Management. Alumni networks provide conduits for diasporas to inform homeland affairs and for home nations to project their brand of soft power and technological modernity, suggesting novel and emerging forms of transnational governance particularly in education and technological development. We offer a critical conceptual review of these issues by tracing prominent Indian diaspora alumni actors and emerging transnational diasporic governance networks and how these might inflect "national" policy frameworks in sending countries through the reproduction of caste and class privilege.

To alleviate the pressure of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, order financing has become one of the effective ways to solve the financing difficulties of China's small and medium-sized enterprises. Order financing is a kind of supply chain financing mode. Compared with traditional accounts payable financing, order financing advances the financing link, accelerates the capital turnover efficiency, and better solves the urgent demand for funds of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper reviews the research status of order financing from three aspects: order financing model evolution, decision optimization, and risk management. Through combing the existing literature, it puts forward appropriate policy recommendations for the order financing model under the current development status, which will provide direction for the development of order financing in the future.

AbstractTo study the efficacy of the public policy response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we develop a model of the rich interactions between epidemiology and socioeconomic choices. Preferences feature a "fear of death" that lead individuals to reduce their social activity and work time in the face of the pandemic. The aggregate effect of these reductions is to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus. We calibrate the model, including public policies, to developments in Ontario in the spring of 2020. The model fits the epidemiological data quite well, including the second wave starting in late 2020. We find that socioeconomic interventions work well in the short term, resulting in a rapid drop‐off in new cases. The long run, however, is governed chiefly by health developments. Welfare cost calculations point to synergies between the health and socioeconomic measures.

This article seeks to establish connections between histories of education and media by examining long-term institutional and structural factors. In order to establish a role for broadcasting in schools, the BBC formed a relationship with the educational world through advisory machinery called the Central Council for School Broadcasting (CCSB), later reconstituted as the School Broadcasting Council (SBC). In the key period of school broadcasting's development, between 1935 and 1971, the CCSB/SBC was unable to forge a strong relationship with the educational world. Internally, the BBC assumed control of school broadcasting at the expense of the CCSB/SBC. Developments in the early 1960s raised the possibility of fundamental reform. However this was prevented by factors including government policy on both school curricula and broadcasting, and indifference on the part of educationists. This article is largely based on unpublished archive documents.

In 2016, the development of an Energy Efficiency Roadmap (USAID, 2017) undertaken by Agency for International Development (USAID) showed that an energy-saving potential of 310 MW by 2030 was possible at a cost lower than the current supply of electricity. However, the energy- efficiency potential is spread out across many technologies and requires the establishment of enabling policies to stimulate efficient use of energy. Chief among these is the establishment of energy- efficiency standards and labeling (EESL) for electric equipment as indicated by Uganda national energy policy legislation (MEMD, 2002). This report first includes an assessment of energy consumption in the residential sector to identify priority products of focus for the EESL program followed by an assessment of the legal and administrative capacity needs of Ugandan institutions to operate and enforce Uganda's EESL program.

This study aims to ascertain the level of livelihood diversification and examines the socio-economic contexts of livelihood diversification in rural India. Employing data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS-II), 2011-12, an Inverse Herfindhal-Harschman Diversity Index (IHHDI) was calculated incorporating eleven income sources (livelihood strategies). In addition, the contribution of each strategy in households' total income has been calculated. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was applied to predict the households' engagement in each livelihood strategy and the likelihood of high IHHDI. Results indicate that the higher livelihood diversifications were found among the households with large size, high dependency, lower social groups, low educated, landless, marginal and small farming, and economically poor. This study also highlights the significance of diversification strategies in raising households' income. It is suggested that broadened policy support is required to promote diversification for economic development in rural India.

This article examines the dynamics of local post-disaster tourism governance in areas on the foothills of Merapi Volcano in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which is one of the world's most intensively active volcanoes. In this research, the author invites the readers to discuss the success achieved in local collaboration through transforming disaster life into a profitable tourism site. They face difficult situations amid government limitations in handling this post-disaster development. Using qualitative descriptive analysis, this study offers a new local-based collaboration model, especially for the post-disaster tourism governance in developing countries. Result of the study showed that local collaboration cannot be achieved in an instant, rather involves a process that is influenced by local wisdom. This article makes positive contribution to public policy literature and is essential for policymakers at the lower level and concerned about local-based development and empowerment

Using actor-network theory (ANT), this paper explores the process and mechanisms of rural space reconstruction in China in the post-urbanization era. In the context of urban–rural integration development in China, villages have become diversified. They are not only the living spaces of villagers, but they are also consumption spaces of urban residents. Through a case study of a typical village in the Yangtze River Delta, this study highlights that the actor-network of rural spatial reconstruction includes heterogeneous actors, such as the village committee, villagers, governments, tourism enterprises, makers, housing, and landscape—among which the Lishui Government is the key actor. Therefore, this paper argues that China's rural space reconstruction is greatly dependent on external resources such as government policy support or enterprise investment. In the future, promoting public participation will be necessary to realize villages' endogenous transformation and development.

In response to COVID-19 and measures implemented to control virus transmission, some governments adapted abortion law and policy to ensure access to abortion care through telemedicine. In Great Britain, approval orders were issued March 30–31, 2020, making fully remote, no-test, early medical abortion temporarily lawful. Professional guidelines were then issued to support providers in offering new remote services. Other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries have also temporarily amended policies to enable remote consultation and at-home use of abortion medications: France, Ireland, and the USA (panel). Others have enabled fewer face-to-face consultations, although abortion medications must still be collected or administered in-person—eg, in Estonia and Germany. In most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, however, laws continue to prohibit fully remote abortion provision.

Despite persistent skepticism towards the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), many countries have signed on to the program and even more countries have come to believe in its transformative potential to development finance and the global order. How has the illiberal Chinese government succeeded in convincing the world, particularly the Global South, about its commitment and BRI's future success? Exploring the credibility puzzle, this article argues that the Xi Jinping administration has relied on an all-in strategy tying the BRI to China's national development and foreign policy, promoting the BRI through select international institutions, and launching a series of flagship mega-projects. With mounting sustainability challenges on both economic and geopolitical fronts, however, the BRI now has to scale back its ambitions while China reevaluates its strategic opportunity. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

This article examines the dynamics of local post-disaster tourism governance in areas on the foothills of Merapi Volcano in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which is one of the world's most intensively active volcanoes. In this research, the author invites the readers to discuss the success achieved in local collaboration through transforming disaster life into a profitable tourism site. They face difficult situations amid government limitations in handling this post-disaster development. Using qualitative descriptive analysis, this study offers a new local-based collaboration model, especially for the post-disaster tourism governance in developing countries. Result of the study showed that local collaboration cannot be achieved in an instant, rather involves a process that is influenced by local wisdom. This article makes positive contribution to public policy literature and is essential for policymakers at the lower level and concerned about local-based development and empowerment

The paper analyses the contribution of different types of innovative entrepreneurship: new products entrepreneurship, new technology development entrepreneurship, high growth expectation entrepreneurship and average growth expectation entrepreneurship to economic growth in emerging markets. The aim of paper is to identify types of innovative entrepreneurship which have the greatest contribution to economic growth in emerging markets and propose measures that macroeconomic policy makers could implement to achieve sustainable economic growth. The regression analysis is performed in order to estimate the impact of different types of innovative entrepreneurship on economic growth in 13 emerging markets. The results have shown that a high growth expectation entrepreneurship has the greatest influence on economic growth. Also, results have shown that impact of new products entrepreneurship is bigger than impact of technology development entrepreneurship on economic growth in emerging markets.

AbstractTracing the origin and development of British ethnic entrepreneurship from the 1800s to the 21st century raises awareness of a salient research gap to make a contribution to entrepreneurship research. We draw on path dependency theory to understand the range of socio‐cultural and economic factors that inform the dynamic behaviour and actions of visible minorities (Africans, Chinese, South Asians and people form the Caribbean) ethnic entrepreneurship. Archival and industry documentations are analysed to identify four distinctive epochal periods of origination of ethnic entrepreneurship that highlight the path dependency of activities. Furthermore, we found network alliances, business clusters and resilience factors, such as founder‐owner social outlook, culture, faith, and social identity as critical success factors. We further outline the implications of the historical development for research, government policy, industry and entrepreneurial practice in the UK.

Transmigration has been applied in Indonesia as a development and population distribution strategy. Historically, the Indonesian transmigration program has a long story since the Ethical Policy until now. Furthermore, transmigration had been claimed and became the primary strategy of development in the New Order. Despite all the hope about transmigration, people considered this program failed nationally because its top-down system has caused a new problem in the destination area. However, some transmigrants have been succeeded and struggled in the new area. This paper described the bright side of what-so-called failed transmigration in Segun, Sorong, West Papua. Data are collected by multi-sited ethnography with observation and in-depth interviews of two successful Javanese families in Segun. In conclusion, this paper argues that although the program has failed nationally, each transmigrant had its strategy to survive and succeed in the new area.