Suchergebnisse

This study shows that the Government of Sweden has been trying to reduce landfilling through the Government regulation in WM. The Government has the aim to increase re-use,recycling, composting, energy recovery which leads to lower environmental impact, lower consumption of energy resources, and lower economic costs.On the basis of the EU Waste Management legislation they developed economic instruments for WM in Sweden. The Extended Producer Responsibility for Packaging was studied due to thefact that it forced the producers to create the recycling companies which help to keep working ahuge and rather complicated material recycling system in Sweden.In this work waste handling system for households and industry was overviewed as well as the costs for waste handling in Sweden.There was an effort to analyse the effectiveness of the Government regulation in WM inSweden.The purpose of this study is to analyse and discuss if it's possible to implement Swedish WMGovernment regulation in Belarus. So, the current situation of waste flow and the economicinstruments for WM in Belarus were studied. In the process of work there were difficulties infinding data in Belarus.In this study there were discussed the actions need to be taken in Belarus to implement theSwedish experience in WM and difficulties on the way to reach the sustainable waste management.Keywords: government regulation, waste management, EU Waste Management legislation,producer responsibility, waste handling, recycling companies, economic instruments. ; www.ima.kth.se

Local government administration in Nigeria is as old as history and its dated back pre-colonial era. It had been part of system of government among ethnic groups in Nigeria particularly the Yoruba in the West, Hausa/Fulani in the North and the Igbo in the East. Each ethnic group operating it as it suits their cultural value. Under colonial administration, it was known as indirect rule system. It was an attempt to govern the people through their chief. At independence and thereafter, the system has since been restructured and reorganized depending on the regime and the nature of government in power. These changes have made it to pass through series of uncertainties and with peculiar characteristics. The paper, therefore, examines the historical development of local government in Nigerian state. The research methodology is carried out through the use of secondary data. However, the paper founds out that, the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterised by unbridled interference of the State Government and therefore recommends that, there is need to review the Constitution to make Local Government autonomous especially on the issues of fiscal power, functions and responsibilities.

THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF GOVERNMENTS IN DEMOCRATIC, WESTERN CAPITALIST COUNTRIES HAS YIELDED MANY INSIGHTS IN THE THREE DECADES SINCE ANTHONY DOWNS' AN ECONOMIC THEORY OF DEMOCRACY WAS PUBLISHED IN 1957. SIMILARLY, THE STUDY OF THE OVERT POLITICAL COMPONENT OF THE ECONOMIC DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN AUTHORITARIAN, EASTERN CENTRALLY-PLANNED ECONOMIES HAS ATTAINED A GREAT DEGREE OF REFINEMENT IN THE POST-STALIN ERA. FOR MOST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD, HOWEVER, NEITHER MODEL APPLIES VERY WELL. RATHER THERE IS A THIRD TYPE - MORE OR LESS AUTHORITARIAN CUM MORE OR LESS CAPITALIST - WHICH REASONABLY DESCRIBES A LARGE NUMBER OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. IT IS LIKELY THAT THE BEHAVIOR OF THESE COUNTRIES' GOVERNMENTS WILL NOT BE WELL EXPLAINED BY MODELS WHICH FIT THE OTHER TWO TYPES. THIS PAPER PROPOSES A FRAMEWORK IN WHICH THE ECONOMIC DECISIONS OF AUTHORITARIAN GOVERNMENTS CAN BE ANALYZED WITHOUT ASSUMING THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS THE ONLY ECONOMIC AGENT, THUS IN BASICALLY CAPITALIST COUNTRIES WHERE ELECTIONS ARE NOT THE MEANS BY WHICH POWER IS VALIDATED AND TRANSFERRED.

The two writers whose visions of a utopian future for humanity Malthus chiefly sought to puncture through his principle of population were Godwin and Condorcet. The objection Malthus had to both was that the prosperous and egalitarian society they envisaged would be undermined by the population growth it brought about. As Malthus himself acknowledged, this was not a novel argument: in the second (1803) edition of the Essay, he listed the authors from whom he had "deduced the principle"—David Hume, Robert Wallace, Adam Smith, and Richard Price. Wallace, the closest among these four to being a Utopian thinker, explicitly saw population growth as clouding the future: unlimited increase would impair prosperity, but efforts by the society to curtail it would require "cruel and unnatural customs."Wallace's views of Utopia are set out in his book Various Prospects of Mankind, Nature and Providence, published in 1761. There are twelve "prospects" in all. The first is titled "A general view of the imperfections of human society, and of the sources from whence they flow"; the second presents a "model of a perfect government"; the third investigates the feasibility of this model; and the fourth adduces the proposition "The preceding model of government, tho' consistent with the human passions and appetites, is upon the whole inconsistent with the circumstances of mankind upon the Earth." The remaining prospects go further into the natural world, the nature of happiness, and the afterlife. Prospects I and IV are excerpted below.Under a perfect government, "poverty, idleness, and war [would be] banished; the earth made a paradise; universal friendship and concord established, and human society rendered flourishing in all respects." Yet paradoxically, such a society would be overturned "not by the vices of men, or their abuse of liberty, but by the order of nature itself." This objection is enough to defeat the "airy systems" of the Utopians. Wallace calls for a middle way for government and society, "to set just bounds to every thing according to its nature, and to adjust all things in due proportion to one another." He writes: "it is more contrary to just proportion, to suppose that such a perfect government should be established in such circumstances, than that by permitting vice, or the abuse of liberty in the wisdom of providence, mankind should never be able to multiply so greatly as to overstock the earth."Wallace was born in Edinburgh in 1697 and died there in 1771. He was a presbyterian minister who held various offices in the Church of Scotland. In addition to the Prospects, his other major works were Characteristics of the Present Political State of Great Britain (1758) and Dissertation on the Numbers of Mankind in Antient and Modern Times (1753). The latter included a vigorous rejoinder to Hume's argument (in his Dissertation on the Numbers of Mankind, published the preceding year) that the classical world was not more populous than the present. Wallace's argument for the populousness of ancient nations supported the view earlier put by Montesquieu—who arranged for a French translation of Wallace's book.Modern editions of Wallace's writings appear in the series Reprints of Economic Classics published by Augustus M. Kelley, New York.

Abstract Since the Great Depression and the stock market crash in 1929, the global economy has experienced immersive development. This paper will analyze the effects of the involvement of governments in rescuing failing banks through different methodological tools. The purpose of this research is to fill the gap that exists in the literature on these issues and raise awareness of the moral hazard that is increasing over time world-widely. Findings and evidence are presented from one of the methods used to discuss the government stance and/or whether the government should intervene in the period of crisis. After presenting the arguments, the application and usefulness of this paper to data collection will be presented in relatable content.

In the article investigated the basic problems of the essence of responsibility in local government. The distinction between municipal and constitutional and legal responsibilities as fundamentally different but complementary forms of responsibility of local governments was held. Analyzed the specificity of municipal responsibilities, including the responsibility of representative bodies. Keywords: representative body of local government, municipal responsibility, constitutional and legal responsibility. ; У статті досліджено основні проблеми суті відповідальності у місцевому самоврядуванні. Проведено розрізнення між муніципальною та конституційно-правовою відповідальністю як принципово відмінними але взаємодоповнюючими формами відповідальності органів місцевого самоврядування. Проаналізовано специфіку муніципальної відповідальності, зокрема відповідальність представницьких органів. Ключові слова: представницький орган місцевого самоврядування, муніципальна відповідальність, конституційно-правова відповідальність.

Description based on: June 1979. ; American statistics index ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Published by: Office of Long-Range Assessments and Research, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, U.S. Dept. of State, June 1980-.

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu politischen Einstellungen und der Rolle der Regierung.