Suchergebnisse

W warunkach wzrostu konkurencji, rozwoju biotechnologii i coraz większych wymagań konsumentów innowacje stają się ważnym czynnikiem konkurencyjności w przemyśle spożywczym. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena barier innowacyjności przemysłu spożywczego na przykładzie wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej w latach 2014-2016. Na podstawie badań CIS-2016 opartych na metodologii Oslo opracowanej przez OECD przeanalizowano postrzeganie barier innowacyjności w przedsiębiorstwach przemysłu spożywczego aktywnych i nieaktywnych innowacyjnie. Do oceny znaczenia analizowanych czynników w poszczególnych krajach członkowskich UE wykorzystano statystyki opisowe oraz metodę Warda należącą do aglomeracyjnych metod grupowania. Z badań wynika, że reprezentanci przedsiębiorstw aktywnych innowacyjnie częściej zgłaszali występowanie czynników utrudniających wdrażanie nowości. Do najczęściej wskazywanych przez nich wysoce istotnych barier innowacji należały: wysoka konkurencja, brak wewnętrznego finansowania i wysokie koszty. Reprezentanci przedsiębiorstw nieaktywnych innowacyjnie powszechnie wskazywali natomiast: niski popyt na rynku, brak wewnętrznego finansowania i wysokie koszty. ; In conditions of increased competition, development of biotechnology and the ever growing demands of the consumers, innovations are becoming an important factor of competitiveness in the food industry. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate the barriers of innovativeness in the food industry based on chosen European Union countries during 2014-2016. Based on research of CIS-2016 carried out in accordance with the Oslo methodology developed by OECD, the barriers of innovativeness within the food industry enterprises which were active and non-active were analyzed. As for the evaluation of the analyzed factors within the countries of the EU, descriptive statistics and Ward's method, which is an agglomeration form of grouping method, were used. From the conducted research, it followed, that the representations of innovative active enterprises more often reported on the barriers which were impeding the introduction of innovations. The most common which were reported included big competition, lack of internal funding and high costs. Representatives of inactive innovative enterprises were reporting low demand on the market, lack of internal funding and high costs.

1. Introduction -- 2. Defining success in military conflict management -- 3. Conditions for success : a theoretical discussion -- 4. Internal success for the European Union -- 5. External success in managing violent conflict -- 6. Internal conditions for success -- 7. External conditions for success -- 8. Conclusion.

"The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union offers an essential collection of ground-breaking chapters reflecting on the causes and consequences of this complex phenomenon. With contributions from key experts in this sub-field of European Studies, it will become a key volume used for those interested in learning the nuts and bolts of differentiation as a mechanism of (dis)integration in the European Union, especially in the light of Brexit. Organised around five key themes, it offers an authoritative 'encyclopaedia' of differentiation and addresses questions such as:

Implementation and usage of the latest inventions in information technology provides enterprises better position on the global market. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) presents the innovative information technology that can change and improve many of the enterprises collaboration operations and support decision making process. The best results of RFID usage are achieved in the supply chain systems, but RFID can be applied in the fields of medicine, finance, logistics and trade. Goal of this paper is to evaluate trends and purposes of RFID usage among enterprises in European Union. We also analyse usage of RFID among Enterprises in European Union according to the industry. Future research will focus on application of RFID among enterprises worldwide and to examine are there any differences in RFID usage among developed and developing countries.

LL.M.(Melit.) ; The vitality of the global economy is largely dependent on the movement of ships for the transport of goods and persons by sea. At a European Union level, the single market is heavily dependent on efficient and secure maritime transport. This dissertation examines the effectiveness of the European Union regulatory framework on ship and port facility security. The work addresses why ship and port facility security are crucial for the effective operation of maritime trade within the European Union. The study identifies and examines the main European Union instruments regulating ship and port facility security, in particular, how Regulation 725/2004 and Directive 2005/65/EC has been transposed in EU legal framework. The dissertation also assesses the implementation of said instruments regulating ship and port security by selected Member States of the European Union, namely Spain and Malta. The findings of this research suggest that apart from imposing harsher punitive measures and criminalising the intent to commit a crime against a ship or a port facility, the Member States should continue working together in order to enhance ship and port facility security framework. ; N/A