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Within the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, the concept of an action situation generalizes a game to allow for endogenous changes in its rules. This article re‐visits this core concept to explore its potential for serving as the foundation for a systematic approach to the construction of more elaborate models of complex policy networks in which overlapping sets of actors have the ability to influence the rules under which their strategic interactions take place. Networks of adjacent action situations can be built on the basis of the seven distinct types of rules that define an action situation or by representing generic governance tasks identified in related research on local public economies. The potential of this extension of the IAD framework is demonstrated with simplified network representations of three diverse policy areas (Maine lobster fisheries, international development assistance, and the contribution of faith‐based organizations to U.S. welfare policy).

"Die verschiedenen Perspektiven des Staates im 21. Jahrhundert skizziert und erörtert der Autor. Er wendet sich gegen jene 'alarmistischen' Stimmen, die angesichts von Vorgängen der 'Globalisierung' und 'Europäisierung' bereits das Ende des Staates verkünden. Vor eiligen Urteilen in dieser Hinsicht sei schon deswegen zu warnen, weil die Formbestimmung des Staates stets Prozessen des Wandels wie der Anpassung unterworfen war. Der Nationalstaat, den wir aus dem 19. und 20. Jahrhundert kennen, dürfte im 21. Jahrhundert nicht weiter ganz selbstverständlich als allgemeinverbindliche Staatsidee wie Staatsform gelten. Ungeachtet der Herausforderungen für den Nationalstaat wäre es falsch, die Diskussion künftiger Staatlichkeit von älteren Staatsideen abzukoppeln. Folgt man Sturm, dürften rechtsstaatliche Strukturen trotz des vielfältigen Formen- und Funktionswandels weiterhin eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. Nach der Vermessung des Forschungsstandes zeichnet der Autor den Formen- und Leitbildwandel des Staates im 21. Jahrhundert detailliert nach. Er konzentriert sich auf den so genannten postmodernen Staat, den Staat in der Informationsgesellschaft und den europäisierten Staat. Über die Auswirkungen der unterschiedlichen neuen Formen von Staatlichkeit herrscht keine Einigkeit. Kritiker der Informationsgesellschaft beschwören beispielsweise das Schreckbild eines allmächtigen Überwachungsstaates herauf, Befürworter loben hingegen die gewachsenen Möglichkeiten der Bürgerbeteiligung in der e-democracy. Um Restriktionen staatlichen Handelns zu erfassen, stellt Sturm dem regulatorischen den Wettbewerbsstaat gegenüber und erörtert Möglichkeiten des kooperativen wie des aktivierenden Staates. Obgleich Herrschaft und Territorialität als viert erscheinen und eine 'konturenscharfe Vision der zukünftigen Staatsform' nicht zu erkennen ist, zeigt sich Sturm vom Überleben des Staates, zu dem es keine Alternative gebe, weithin überzeugt." (Autorenreferat)

Books reviewed in this article: Leonore Loeb Abler and Uwe P. Gielen(EDS.), Migration: Immigration and Emigration in International Perspective Samuel Agyei‐Mensah and John B. Casterline(EDS.), Reproduction and Social Context in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Collection of Micro‐Demographic Studies Francesco C. Billari And Alexia Prskawetz(EDS.), Agent‐Based Computational Demography: Using Simulation to Improve Our Understanding of Demographic Behaviour Siew‐Ean Khoo And Peter McDonald(EDS.), The Transformation of Australia's Population: 1970‐2030 James P. Lynch and Rita J. Simon, Immigration the World Over: Statutes, Policies, and Practices C. Ford Runge, Benjamin Senauer, Philip G. Pardey, And Mark W. Rosegrant, Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime: Food Security and Globalization Sheldon J. Segal, Under the Banyan Tree: A Population Scientist's Odyssey Lynn M. Thomas, Politics of the Womb: Women, Reproduction, and the State in Kenya United Nations Economic Commission For Europe, Dynamics of Fertility and Partnership in Europe: Insights and Lessons from Comparative Research

A visual search model, VIDEM, has been formulated for predicting the detectability of a single, unknown target in an unstructured surround. The intended application is aircraft detection. The model consists of four components: a liminal contrast threshold, a frequency-of-seeing curve, a soft shell search representation, and discrete cumulation of single glimpse detection probabilities. The formulation was developed by registering five existing models against three controlled search experiments. The five models used represent all appropriate laboratory threshold data, including those of Blackwell, Lamar, Sloan, and Taylor. The search experiments included a large set of aircraft field tests, with precise photometric target measurements correlated to the detection events. The model registrations were done using nonlinear parameter estimation techniques and by comparing model predictions to actual event cumulatives with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. The resultant VIDEM model is a derivative of Sloan's data, cast into the popular visual lobe equations of Lamar.

Cen X−3 is a compact high-mass X-ray binary likely powered by Roche lobe overflow. We present a phase-resolved X-ray spectral and timing analysis of two pointed XMM–Newton observations. The first one took place during a normal state of the source, when it has a luminosity LX ∼ 1036 erg s−1. This observation covered orbital phases ϕ = 0.00–0.37, i.e. the egress from the eclipse. The egress light curve is highly structured, showing distinctive intervals. We argue that different intervals correspond to the emergence of different emitting structures. The light-curve analysis enables us to estimate the size of such structures around the compact star, the most conspicuous of which has a size ∼0.3R*, of the order of the Roche lobe radius. During the egress, the equivalent width of Fe emission lines, from highly ionized species, decreases as the X-ray continuum grows. On the other hand, the equivalent width of the Fe K α line, from near-neutral Fe, strengthens. This line is likely formed due to the X-ray illumination of the accretion stream. The second observation was taken when the source was 10 times X-ray brighter and covered the orbital phases ϕ = 0.36–0.80. The X-ray light curve in the high state shows dips. These dips are not caused by absorption but can be due to instabilities in the accretion stream. The typical dip duration, of about 1000 s, is much longer than the time-scale attributed to the accretion of the clumpy stellar wind of the massive donor star, but is similar to the viscous time-scale at the inner radius of the accretion disc. ; This research has been supported by the project ESP2017-85691-P. LMO acknowledges Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50 OR 1508 and partial support by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. JJRR acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport fellowship PRX17/00114, and also thanks all the staff from SRON for their collaboration and hospitality there. KP acknowledges support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) grant 18-502-12025.

The file associated with this record is under embargo until 12 months after publication, in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. ; BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterised by ventilation heterogeneity (VH). A number of studies have demonstrated that VH markers derived using impulse oscillometry (IOS) or multiple breath washout (MBW) are associated with key asthma patient related outcome measures and airways hyper responsiveness. However the topographical mechanisms of VH in the lung remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesised that specific regionalisation of topographical small airway disease would best account for IOS and MBW measured indices in patients. METHODS: We evaluated paired expiratory/inspiratory computed tomography in a cohort of asthmatic (n=41) and healthy volunteers (n=11) to understand the determinants of clinical VH indices commonly reported using IOS and MBW. Parametric response mapping (PRM) was utilised to calculate functional small airways disease marker PRMfSAD and Hounsfield unit (HU) based density change from total lung capacity to functional residual capacity (ΔHU); gradients of ΔHU, in gravitationally perpendicular (parallel), inferior-superior (anterior-posterior) axes, were quantified. RESULTS: ΔHU gradient in the inferior-superior axis provided the highest level of discrimination of both Sacin and R5-20. Patients with a high inferior-superior ΔHU gradient demonstrated evidence of reduced specific ventilation in the lower lobes of the lungs and high levels of PRMfSAD. A computational small airway tree model confirmed that constriction of gravitationally dependant lower zone small airway branches would promote the largest increases in R5-R20. Ventilation gradients correlated with asthma control and quality of life but not with exacerbation frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Lower lobe predominant small airways disease is a major driver of clinically measured VH in adult asthma. ; Supported by the Sir Jules Thorn trust, "Systems medicine: novel mathematical approaches to personalized care in asthma patients," through a clinical senior lecturer award (Professor Siddiqui). Additional funding was received for the original computed tomographic scan and physiologic analyses from Roche Pharmaceuticals (C.B. and S.S.) and the European Union Airways Disease Predicting Outcomes in Patient Specific Computational Models (AirPROM-FP7) consortium. This article was also supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print

Yong Suk Jo,1 Ju-Hee Park,2 Jung Kyu Lee,2 Eun Young Heo,2 Hee Soon Chung,2 Deog Kyeom Kim2 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Background and objective: There are limited data on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with tuberculosis-destroyed lung (TDL), a sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis. We identified the risk factors for PAH and their effects on acute exacerbation and mortality in patients with TDL, as well as the clinical differences in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and PAH.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2010 through 2015 in a municipal referral hospital in South Korea. PAH was defined when echocardiographic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was >40 mmHg. The clinical features and course of TDL patients with or without PAH were evaluated and differences between patients with COPD and PAH were analyzed.Results: Among the 195 patients with TDL, echocardiographic data were available in 53 patients, and their mean PAP was 50.72±23.99 mmHg. The PAH group (n=37) had a smaller lung volume (forced vital capacity % predicted, 51.55% vs 72.37%, P<0.001) and more extensively destroyed lungs (3.27 lobes vs 2 lobes, P<0.001) than those in the non-PAH group (n=16). A higher PAP was significantly correlated with a higher frequency of acute exacerbation (r=0.32, P=0.02). Multivariate analyses did not reveal any significant risk factors contributing to PAH in patients with TDL. Compared to COPD patients with PAH, TDL patients with PAH have smaller lung volume but a less severe airflow limitation. Tricuspid regurgitation and a D-shaped left ventricle during diastole were more frequently observed in TDL patients. The risk of exacerbation was not different between patients with PAH in COPD and TDL.Conclusion: PAH in patients with TDL was associated with severity of lung destruction but risk of exacerbation and mortality did not significantly differ between patients with PAH and without PAH. Keywords: tuberculous destroyed lung, pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exacerbation, risk factor

29 Pag., 1 Tabl., 11 Fig. The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0169555X ; This study investigated the characteristics, triggering factors, and spatial distribution of shallow landslides in relation to historical deforestation in the sub-alpine belt of the Pyrenees, particularly in the flysch sector. Shallow landslides in this area occur on straight and concave slopes, mainly covered by mesophyte grasslands, and contribute substantially to soil erosion and landscape deterioration. The investigated landslides were variable in shape and size, although common features included delimitation by a scar or semi-circular crown (averaging 32 m long × 10.15 m wide) and a tongue with a lobe at the foot of the scar area. The sliding surface coincided with the zone of contact of the C soil horizon with the bedrock, although in 13% of the cases the sliding surface occurred within the soil. The frontal lobes frequently trigger new landslides because of water accumulation and instability, resulting in a succession of interconnected landslides that can attain 100–200 m in length. Slope gradient appeared to be the most important factor correlated with shallow landslides. Thus, with slopes > 30° the soil was unstable and tended to slide even in dry conditions, whereas with slopes < 15° the soil was stable even under saturated conditions; shallow landslides were consequently concentrated on slopes between 15° and 30°. Rapid deforestation of the sub-alpine belt during the Middle and Modern Ages caused a sudden increase in hillslope instability. The studied landslides occurred only on deforested, grassland-covered hillslopes, and not in adjacent forested areas. Therefore, deforestation is considered to be a major factor contributing to shallow landslides, because of changes in soil hydrology and reduced soil strength as a consequence of decreased root cohesion, mainly coinciding with snowmelt and large rainstorms. ; Support for this research was provided by the projects PROBASE (CGL2006-11619/HID, Consolider), financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology, ACQWA (FP7-ENV-2007-1), by the European Commission, and PI032/08 financed by the Aragón Regional Government. The authors also acknowledge support from the Program of Research Groups of the Aragón Regional Government, and from RESEL (The Spanish Ministry of Environment). ; Peer reviewed

Correspondence confiscated from Venustiano Carranza, Governor of Coahuila and First Chief of Constitutionalism, accused of the crime of rebellion. The letters are from July 1913. Letters addressed to Mr. Carranza by Jesús Aillaud, M. Pérez Romero and L. Gil Herrera from the Confidential Constitutionalist Agency of Mexico in Washington; Miguel Díaz Lombardo, Representative of the Mexican Constitutionalist Board in Paris; Z. Muñiz and Juan Vázquez, regarding the development of the constitutionalist movement, the flow of arms and ammunition across the border, issuance of the constitutionalist ticket, espionage systems and the situation of the constitutionalist movement through their representations in Europe and the United States. Two copies of the "La Revolution au Mexique" (The Revolution in Mexico), Paris, France, July 4 and 11, 1913, in which Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo) appears as Editor-in-Chief (see newspaper library). Memorandum from Dr. M. Pérez Romero regarding the issue of Mexican bonds. Newspaper clipping with an ad by J.P. Morgan & Co. and Kuhn Loeb & Co. about the sale of bonds by the Mexican government of 6 percent for 10 years. / Correspondencia decomisada a Venustiano Carranza, Gobernador de Coahuila y Primer Jefe del Constitucionalismo, acusado del delito de rebelión. Las cartas son de Julio de 1913. Cartas dirigidas al Sr. Carranza por Jesús Aillaud, M. Pérez Romero y L. Gil Herrera de la Agencia Confidencial del Gobierno Constitucionalista de México en Washington; Miguel Díaz Lombardo, representante de la Junta Constitucionalista Mexicana en París; Z. Muñiz y Juan Vázquez, sobre el desarrollo del movimiento constitucionalista, paso de armas y municiones por la frontera, emisión del billete constitucionalista, sistemas de espionaje y situación del movimiento constitucionalista a través de sus representaciones en Europa y Estados Unidos. Dos ejemplares de LA REVOLUTION AU MEXIQUE, París, Francia, Julio 4 y 11 de 1913, en los que figura como Secretario de Redacción el Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo) (véase en Hemeroteca). Memorándum del Dr. M. Pérez Romero relativo al asunto de los bonos mexicanos. Recorte de periódico con anuncio de J. P. Morgan & Co. y de Kuhn Loeb & Co. sobre venta de bonos del gobierno federal de México al 6 por ciento por 10 años.

IllUrk-UrkundenartWappenbriefWappenbrief: Kaiser Friedrich III. verleiht der Stadt Triest ein Wappen. KaiserFriedrich [III.] bessert (duximus amplianda) Richter, Rat, Bürgern und Einwohnern der StadtTriest(nobilibus, prudentibus, fidelibus nostris dilectis iudicibus, consulibus, civibus et incolis civitatis nostrae Tergestine) zum Lob und zur Ehre der Stadt und für deren Treue im Krieg gegen Venedig (retroactis pridem bellis et oppugnacionibus, quas Veneti, adversus eos), besonders durch die Provokation der benachbarten Stadt Koper/Capo d'Istria (ad suggestionem subditorum suorum vicinarumque civitatum Istriae Iustinopolitanorum) und anderer Feinde, weiters für deren Treue dem Haus Österreich gegenüber sowie deren Verdienste ihr Wappen (arma . et insignia ipsius civitatis publica), wie es in der Mitte der Urkunde farbig eingemalt ist (in medio presencium artificiosa manu opificis expressis coloribus et figuris sunt depicta), sodass es fortan kaiserliche wie herzöglich-österreichische Insignien trägt (utriusque tam imperialis maiestatis quam illustrissime ducalis domus nostre insigniis), nämlich in geteiltem Schild im oberen Feld in Gold den doppelköpfigen schwarzen Reichsadler, im unteren Feld den österreichischen Bindenschild, belegt dem dreispitzigen goldenen Blatt der Lanze des heiligen Sergius, eines der Stadtpatrone (victricem et bicipitem aquilam in eius de civitatis scuto sive clipeo superiori parte, suis propriis et naturalibus distinctam coloribus, in ipsius vero scuti reliqua parte arma ducatus nostri Austriae suis coloribus, vidilicet tam superiori, quam inferiori parte rubeis, medio vero niveo, per transversum colore disterminata, atque reliquis duabus aequa dimensione respiondente, ab illius vero basi laminam lansea sancti Sergii martyris, eiusdem civitatis et populi inter caeteros patroni et defensoris tricipitem), und verleiht (concedimus et elargimur) ihm zum Lob und zur Ehre der Stadt zusätzlich eine goldene Krone (coronam auream). Die Stadt darf das Wappen fortan immer und überall auf Toren, Türmen, Mauern, am Palazzo Communale, auf öffentlichen und privaten Häusern, auf Bannern, Fahnen, Zelten, außerdem auf großen und kleinen Siegeln und auch sonst zur Repräsentation (omnibus vidilicet locis et temporibus, tam in portis, turribus et muris, necnon palatio communi civitatis, aliis publicis et privatis aedibus, quam etiam banderis, vexillis, tentoriis et papilionibus, necnon sigillis maioribus et minoribus aliisque quibuslibet rebus ad representationem) ohne kaiserliche oder landesfürstliche Widerrede führen und abbilden (tenere, figurare, depingere . deferre, gestare). Er gebietet (mandamus) allen geistlichen und weltlichen Fürsten, Herzögen, Markgrafen, Grafen, Freiherren, Adeligen, Rittern, Knechten, Edlen,ancianis, Podestà, Burggrafen, Kastellanen, Stadtmagistern, Richtern, Räten und Gemeinden aller Städte, Burgen, Kleinstädten, Dörfern sowie deren Rektoren, weiters allen Wappenkönigen, Herolden und Persevanten (universis et singulis principibus, tam ecclesiasticis quam secularibus, ducibus, marchionibus, comitibus, baronibus, porceribus, militibus, militaribus, nobilibus, ancianis, potestatibus, burggraviis, castellanis, magistricivium, iudicibus, consulibus, civitatum, castrorum, opidorum et villarum communitatibus et rectoribus eorundem, necnon armorum regibus, heraldis et persevantibus) unter Androhung schwerer Ungnade, die Bürger und die Gemeinde der Stadt Triest im Gebrauch und der Führung ihres Wappens (armorum insigniis) nicht zu behindern.Daniel Maier

This research was done based on the author's curiosity to know how sustained the performance of Dodola island. During the time, the island had declared as a virgin beach. Moreover, Ministry of Tourism collaborated with the Government of Morotai District launched the program Wonderful Morotai Island. Through their program's aims to increase the number of tourists visiting the area. The program combined the natural, marine, cultural and artificial attractions. This study conducted based on the concept of coastal tourism in a sustainable manner. The concept was very realistic to be implement on improving their performance to build coastal ecotourism in the area that has a very limited number of human resources, funding and time. This study had conducted for a year with quantitative and qualitative mixed mode research. The questionnaires distributed purposively and tabulated using content analysis. The results of the study showed that in addition to coastal tourism facilities and infrastructure, it was also necessary to socialize with all stakeholders on technology and coastal tourism development in a sustainable manner. This collaboration had improved the performance of coastal tourism on the island

Durch Herrn Ægidium Albertinum, Fürstl. Durchl. in Bayern Hof-Raths-Secretarium, auß der Hispanischen in die Teutsche Sprach auffs fleissigste versetzt ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 4 Ph.pr. 75-1

"We are living in a strange world--Salmon calls it "the New Not Normal." The Phoenix Economy explores the ramifications of the pandemic years, many of which are surprisingly positive. In doing so, Salmon makes sense of one of the most disorienting and devastating events of our lifetimes. He examines the critical aspects of our lives that have been transformed in three parts: Time and Space, Mind and Body, and Business and Pleasure. Salmon's keen observations, on everything from meme stocks to lobster rolls, are backed by a deep understanding of financial markets and the quirks of human behavior. His clear-eyed perspective on human and economic events, combined with his considerable analytical and observational skills, make The Phoenix Economy an insightful, fast-paced read. This book is essential for anyone wanting a better understanding of the near- and long-term effects of this new era and what they portend for our lives. It's a penetrating insight into what happened--and, more important, what lies ahead." - Dust jacket front flap

Intro -- Titelblatt -- Impressum -- Lob für Die Preismodell-Revolution -- Widmung -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Vorwort -- Teil I: DIE PREISMODELL-REVOLUTION -- 1 Monetarisierung als Priorität -- Pricing: Die neue Quelle des Wettbewerbsvorteils -- Beschleuniger der Preismodell-Revolution -- Die Preismodell-Revolution -- Anmerkungen -- Teil II: NEUE MONETARISIERUNGSANSÄTZE -- 2 Pay-per-Use/-per-Wash/-per-Mile/… -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Pay-per-»Cleaned«-Square-Meter -- Pay-per-Exercise -- Für die Aufbereitung zahlen -- Pay-per-Mile -- Power by the Hour -- Pro Kubikmeter Druckluft zahlen -- Payment by Weight -- Einführung und Grenzen -- Anmerkungen -- 3 Abo-Pricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 4 Outcome-based Pricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 5 Psychologisches Pricing -- Case History -- Case History - geänderte Fassung -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 6 Dynamic Pricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 7 KI-basiertes Pricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Entwicklungsphasen des KI-basierten Pricing -- Anwendung von KI-basiertem Pricing: B2C und B2B -- Anmerkungen -- 8 Freemium -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 9 Wohlwollendes Pricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 10 Partizipatives Pricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- 11 Neuropricing -- Case History -- Kontextanalyse -- Anmerkungen -- Teil III: WIE UNTERNEHMEN GEWINNEN -- 12 Erfolg mit neuen Preismodellen -- Case History -- Erfolg mit neuen Erlösmodellen -- Anmerkungen -- Danksagung -- Über den Autor -- Stichwortverzeichnis -- End User License Agreement.

After the Supreme Court of Canada's 1999 Marshall decision recognized Mi'kmaw fishers' treaty right to fish, the fishers entered the inshore lobster fishery across Atlantic Canada. At Burnt Church/Esgenoôpetitj, New Brunswick, the Mi'kmaw fishery provoked violent confrontations with neighbours and the Canadian government. Over the next two years, boats, cottages, and a sacred grove were burned, people were shot at and beaten, boats rammed and sunk, roads barricaded, and the local wharf occupied.Based on 12 months of ethnographic field work in Burnt Church/Esgenoôpetitj, Fishing in Contested Waters explores the origins of this dispute and the beliefs and experiences that motivated the locals involved in it. Weaving the perspectives of Native and non-Native people together, Sarah J. King examines the community as a contested place, simultaneously Mi'kmaw and Canadian. Drawing on philosophy and indigenous, environmental, and religious studies, Fishing in Contested Waters demonstrates the deep roots of contemporary conflicts over rights, sovereignty, conservation, and identity