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Examines the transition from a socialist centrally planned economy to a capitalist market economy focusing on basic differences in market ethics. Discussion includes economic cost of incomplete market rules; moral standards; political economy; and forces resistant to systemic change.

So significant is the contribution that constructivism has made to education, that it has been described by the American Association for the Advancement of Science as a 'paradigm change' in science education (Tobin, 1993). Such changes in education raise political, ethical and moral claims that have consequences that directly affect classroom ecology. These claims are intimately linked with issues such as the "emancipation of student learning" (Jenkins, 2000). Besides such issues, constructivism raises fundamental epistemological issues that have been the cause of many debates (Harding et al., 2000; Jenkins, 2000; Millar,1989; Osborne, 1996; Philips, 1995; Scaife, 2007; Solomon, 1994 & von Glasersfeld, 2000). The first part of this chapter will present a critique of constructivism and some of its exponents. Following the critique, the manner in which constructivism has linked with critical pedagogy to yield a transformative pedagogy will be discussed. By definition, a transformative pedagogy is an 'activist pedagogy' that empowers people to critically examine their beliefs, values, and knowledge with the goal of developing a reflective knowledge base, an appreciation for multiple perspectives, and a sense of critical consciousness and agency (Ukpokodu, 2009). Finally, this contribution will provide some insights on how characteristics of transformative pedagogy have yielded other pedagogies, such as the eco-justice pedagogy. This pedagogy by its very nature addresses social concerns with the intention of promoting change, both on the micro and the macro level. ; peer-reviewed

This paper analyses the Singapore government budget's organization and reporting structure, and draws lessons and policy implications for improving public financial management practices. The paper finds that Singapore's fiscal marksmanship record has been poor with consistent underestimates of revenue and overestimates of expenditure. Second, subtle divergences from international reporting standards limit the information available and constrain the budget's analytical usefulness in international comparisons. Third, current reporting conventions of the budget fail to provide an adequate representation of the government's fiscal position. Fourth, revised estimates of budgetary balances in line with international reporting standards show a considerable increase in the fiscal space available. The policy implications of these findings are discussed, as well as some reporting changes which can help improve the fiscal marksmanship record, increase public sector transparency and accountability, and facilitate better quality discourse among all stakeholders on public financial management.

Recent generations have experienced dramatic improvements in the quality of human life across the globe. Wars between states are fought less frequently, and are less lethal. Food is more plentiful and more easily accessed. In most parts of the world, birthrates are down and life expectancy up. Significantly fewer people live in extreme poverty, relative to the overall population. Statistics would argue that the human race has never before flourished as it has in this moment. And yet, even with this progress, we face a number of seemingly intractable challenges to the welfare of both states and individuals. These challenges require a newly collaborative, intentional, and systematic approach. This book offers a blueprint for how to get there, calling for increased leadership responsibility, clarity of mission, and empowerment of states and individuals. It is designed to transform lofty but often vague agendas into concrete, measurable progress. It believes in the capacity of humanity to rise to the occasion, to come together to address these increasingly critical global problems, and offers one way forward.

Another magisterial statistical compendium from Kym Anderson, with the assistance of Nanda Aryal: surely no nation's wine endeavours have ever been more precisely tracked through history than Australia's are here. The depth and intricacy of the global context, too, makes fascinating and often enlightening reading for any student of wine.

In addition to higher requirements on their services, home care organisations are facing increasing external pressure as a result of changes in long-term care (e.g. new legislation, devolution of responsibilities to municipalities). Home care organisation are becoming increasingly aware that the bureaucratic organisational structure lacks the necessary flexibility to respond to these external pressures and are striving to implement a sociotechnical organisation in which self-managing teams are given full responsibility. This dissertation draws on two case studies to describe the effectiveness of this organisational change, in which the history of the organisation and the implemented strategy and approach play an important role. Organisations are also being confronted with external factors, including increasing pressure from the government to become accountable. This dissertation offers a more effective way to deal with external bureaucratisation and break the vicious internal cycle of bureaucracy.

Das vorliegende Working Paper ist im Arbeitspaket 4 "Transformation" des Verbundprojekts "Klimaresiliente Stadt-Umland Kooperation. Regionale Innovationen energetischer Biomassenutzung und Governance (KlimaInnoGovernance)" entstanden. Das Forschungsprojekt konzentriert sich auf Transformationsoptionen von Stadt-Umland-Kooperationen im Hinblick auf alternative Biomasseinnovationen. Empirisch erarbeitet werden intersektorale Entwicklungspotenziale, multiskalare Transformationsaspekte sowie Bedingungen eines transkommunalen Transfers. Betrachtet werden strukturelle, institutionelle und polit-ökonomische Rahmenbedingungen von Transformationsprozessen.