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this paper makes a contribution to the growing literature on critical media literacy and intellectual property. What new forms of participatory culture, social production, user- generated content and new forms of social commitment have developed through the use of digital technology, very forms of engagement are addressed by legal definitions and commercial practices that constitute the operating system of the digital economy. It will be shown that shift toward utility has been granted in copyright, trading and the right of publicity. Further, each of these forms of intellectual property law has been strengthened, lengthened and, creasingly, used in relation to the others. The objections of various intellectual property forms (creative works, marks, and publicity rights) are abstract from their original contexts and addressed in an analogue way — as property, by the information and entertainment industries, the short, and legislators, and even the general public. In this a media ecology it makes sense to see cultural properties as 'propelled', where the multifaceted feature of this indirect artifacts requires the interaction and protection of formally distinct forms of IP protection. Using analyses from literature, cinema, and comic books the paper will trace the development of transproperty and will offer suggestions for how an understanding of transproperty strengthens our media literacy. This article contributes to the growing documentation on critical media initiation and intellectual property. While new forms of participatory culture, social production, user-generated content and new forms of social engagement have developed through the use of digital technology, the same forms of engagement are also shaped by the legal definitions and business practices that constitute the system for exploiting the digital economy. It has been shown that there has been a shift towards ownership in copyright, trademarks and advertising rights. In addition, each of these forms of intellectual property rights has been ...

1536 1549 61 9 ; S ; [EN] Dams fragment river systems worldwide, and Mediterranean-climate rivers, characterised by highly seasonal hydrographs and adapted biotas, are particularly impacted by flow regulation. Whereas the effects of flow regulation on hydrology, sediment transport and biodiversity have long been examined, responses at the food-web level remain understudied. Environmental variation is a key control of food-web structure. Thus, we predicted that flow regulation would impact food-chain length (FCL) via changes in the flow variation regime, and we tested this prediction in a set of flow unregulated to completely regulated reaches in a Mediterranean river basin. In each reach, we characterised flow variation, together with two other putative controls of FCL (productivity and habitat size). We combined community data with carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to estimate food-chain length, and Bayesian mixing models allowed estimates of dietary proportions of consumers. Flow variation was paramount in controlling FCL in the studied river network, and this same control largely explained the degree of omnivory among top predators. Thus, omnivory mechanisms were the main proximate structural mechanism allowing shifts in food-web structure and linking disturbance regimes to FCL. Our results suggest that flow regulation in Mediterranean rivers may impact food-web structure even when no significant changes in community composition are observed. If highly variable Mediterranean streams become increasingly affected by flow regulation, the resulting more stable conditions could enhance intraguild predation and thus lengthen riverine food chains. We thank Roberto Merciai, Jose Andres Lopez and Joan Font for their help in the field, Lina Ramirez-Solano and Emili Garcia-Berthou for their help with analyses and Marc Montenegro for the illustrations in Fig. 1. The Sabo Lab at Arizona State University and anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that improved the quality of the article. This study was funded by the ...

The type of educational instructions expected to be delivered to the gifted students differ quantitatively from the traditional methods in general classroom settings. This is because, traditional and conventional strategies may not challenge the educational needs of the gifted. Considering the enormity of what is expected of build a qualitative education of the gifted, this study investigated the efficacy of acceleration and ability grouping on academic achievement of gifted students in selected secondary schools in Moro Local Government Area in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study used the pre-test post- test control group quasi-experimental design in a 3X2 factorial matrix. The participants for the study consisted 60 Senior Secondary School gifted students from eight secondary schools in Ilorin. The subjects were randomly assigned into three experimental groups. Analysis of Covariance was the main statistical method used to test two formulated hypotheses at the probability of 0.05. The findings revealed that there was significant mean effect of treatment on academic achievement of gifted students (F(2,53)= 32.12). There was no significant main effect of gender. The study also showed that gifted male participants exposed to Acceleration and Ability grouping teaching models had higher mean score (* = 80.83) than female counterparts exposed to the same treatment. Since Acceleration and Ability grouping models are capable of enhancing gifted students' academic achievement, it is therefore recommended that both regular special educators should use these teaching models in enhancing the academic achievement for the precocious ones. Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2016.s21.14281437 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

La crisis económica parece haber renovado el papel de la Unión Europea, otorgándole una mayor presencia en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos. Este aumento de su presencia no ha traído una mejora de la valoración de los ciudadanos, sino todo lo contrario, un fuerte incremento de las actitudes críticas hacia su gestión de la crisis. Esta evolución parece anunciar cambios interesantes en el panorama español. El consenso pro-europeo existente en España desde los años ochenta estaría fracturándose, dando paso a la apertura de un nuevo eje de competición partidista. ¿Se han convertido las cuestiones relacionadas con la Unión Europea en un fenómeno infl uyente sobre el voto de los ciudadanos españoles? En este contexto, la política europea adquiere peso en la decisión de voto de los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, no todos los partidos están en la misma posición para responder a esta demanda. En defi nitiva, esta propuesta pretende contrastar si tener en cuenta a la Unión Europea hace que los ciudadanos voten de manera distinta ; The economic crisis seems to have changed the role of the European Union, increasing its presence in the daily lives of citizens. The increased presence has not come accompanied by a better evaluation of the EU's political outcome by citizens. On the contrary, it has given way to an increase in critical attitudes towards the institution. This evolution seems to announce interesting changes in the Spanish political arena. The pro-European consensus existing in Spain since the 1980s might be fracturing, which would lead to a new issue of competition between political parties. Is the EU a relevant phenomenon for Spanish citizens' party choice? In this context, European politics acquire relevance in the voting decision of citizens. However, not all parties are in the same position to respond to this demand. All in all, this proposal tries to contrast whether citizens that took into account the EU voted differently to other citizens

La calidad de la enseñanza pasa por ideas preconcebidas sobre el propio concepto de calidad. La visión que tiene el legislador no tiene por qué ser igual que la que tienen los padres o los educadores. Para poder obtener información sobre la calidad en educación física, podemos situarnos en un proceso jerarquizado, desde el ministerio hasta la dirección del centro, en el que se utilizan indicadores que pueden exponerse ante la comunidad educativa. O bien puede realizarse un proceso interno, en el que los indicadores son propuestos por el profesorado, que se encuentra inmiscuido en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Los indicadores de resultados suelen ser los más habituales en el sistema jerarquizado, mientras que los de proceso suelen aplicarse en la evaluación interna de la calidad. El profesorado de educación física tiene la posibilidad de diseñar y aplicar indicadores que pueden demostrar la calidad de sus enseñanzas, siempre y cuando defina claramente los aspectos a los que pretende aplicar los indicadores. ; Quality in education revolves around preconceived idea on the very concept of quality itself. Legislators need not necessarily have the same vision as parents or educators. To obtain further information on quality in physical education we can place ourselves in a hierarchical process ranging from the government ministry to school management, where indicators are used and shared with the educational community. This could be an internal process, where the indicators are put forward by the teachers involved in the teaching/learning process. The indicators of results are usually commoner in the hierarchical system, whereas those from the process are usually applied in internal quality assessment. Physical education teachers are able to design and apply indicators that can demonstrate the quality of teaching, provided they clearly define the aspects to which they aim to apply the indicators.

Due to the high content of viable seeds, topsoil is usually spread on ground left bare during railway and motorway construction to facilitate the regeneration of vegetation cover. However, during handling of the topsoil, seeds are often buried deeply and they cannot germinate or the seedlings cannot emerge from depth. This study experimentally explores the predictive value of seed mass for seed germination, mortality and seedling emergence at different burial depths for 13 common annual species in semiarid Mediterranean environments. We separate the effect of burial depth on germination and emergence by means of two experiments. In the germination experiment, five replicates of 20 seeds for each species were buried at depths ranging from 0 to 4 cm under greenhouse conditions. Germinated and empty or rotten seeds were counted after 8 weeks. In the emergence experiment, five replicates of four newly-germinated seeds per species were buried at the same depths under controlled conditions and emergence was recorded after 3 weeks. The effect of burial depth on percentage of germination and seedling emergence was dependent on seed size. Although all species showed a decrease in germination with burial depth, this decrease was greater for small-than large-seeded species. Percentage of emergence was positively related to seed mass but negatively related to burial depth. Seed mortality was higher for small-than large-seeded species, but there was no general effect of burial depth on this variable. Thus, the current practice of spreading 30 cm deep layers of topsoil in post-construction restoration projects is unadvisable. In this restoration scenario, thinner layers of topsoil should be used to achieve the maximum potential of the topsoil for germination and seedling establishment ; Financial support was received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2011-24871 and CGL2014-53789-R), the Madrid Regional Government (Project REMEDINAL3-P2013/MAE2719)

Identification of communities based on the socio-spatial organisation of their territory is a classic interest, but no less problematic in regional archaeology studies. In the Andean context, the problem is particularly difficult due to the flexibility of the demographic and identity scale of the concept of ayllu government as it appears in the ethno-historical and ethnographic sources, as well as because of the discontinuous and interdigitised spatiality paradigmatic of the population of the territories described by the same sources. The analysis of the late prehispanic population (11th to 16th century BC) of the Apurímac valley (Cusco, Peru) is an opportunity to contribute to this discussion on the basis of unprecedented information on the territorial structure of the village communities located in one of the deepest interim valleys located at the foot of the Vilcabamba mountain range. The study combines spatial analysis, cultural ecology, landscape archaeology and ethnographic analogy to propose a multifactorial and multiscaling reading of pre-hispanic settlement patterns. At local level, the study reveals a type of respite network that could correspond to the socio-spatial scheme of the ALDEANA community. At regional level, the study shows, from a bottom-up perspective, the heterogeneity of the population of the valley, which illustrates the complex geopolitical situation expressed by ethnohistoric sources in this intermediate territorial area adjacent to the heart of Tawantinsuyu. From a theoretical point of view, the data make it possible to develop a reflection on the territorial foundations of the late prehispanic village communities. ; International audience A classic interest among archaeological regional studies is identifying communities based on the socio-spatial organization of a territory. In the Andes, the problem is topical due to the flexibility of the vernacular concept of ayllu, in terms of its demographic and identitarian scale, as it appears in ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources; and ...

Compassion that drives the humanitarian service of Christian, faith-based agencies transcends process and policy through informed practices leading to positive and compassionate engagement bringing transformational change among people in calamity and unjust systems. This dissertation explores the transformative role that faithbased agencies need to play in contemporary humanitarianism in order to span the gap between procedure and mercy in action. Further, it is an examination of theological, historical and practical applications of compassion at work demonstrating God's unconditional love to all of humanity. Faith-based humanitarian agencies struggle to serve marginalized communities and people groups, but are pulled in different directions by stakeholders. Donors who are highly motivated toward proclamation, expect a strong Gospel message. Local communities desire significant inputs to bring visible and tangible change. Institutional donors expect clear goals and outputs that belie evidence-based results. Local governments may welcome faith-based agencies but forbid religious proclamation especially where Christianity is a minority religion. Faith-based agencies are held to the same standards which govern all humanitarian agencies, creating new and complex challenges to serving the poor as ambassadors of God's good will and love. Part One deals with the unique historical and contemporary context within which faith-based humanitarian agencies operate. The reality and complexity of structure and policy, and the demand to meet greater humanitarian needs creates an environment of scrutiny and competition to fund, staff, resource and implement larger and more complex interventions. These developments are examined and reviewed in the light of contemporary agencies that have developed along parallel paths yet compete for resources. Part Two reviews theological underpinnings of faith-based humanitarianism. Beginning with a biblical reflection on the design and concept of neighborliness and concludes with three case studies along the themes of Justice, Policy and Mission providing a framework for understanding practical applications of mercy in action. Content Reader: Kurt Fredrickson, PhD

Aim. To study results of registration, calculation and evaluation of quality of arterial hypertension (HT) control (HT Register) in Vologda Region (VR).Material and methods. HT Register system is developed and legislatively introduced in the VR. Blood pressure registration in every visitor of out-patient clinics is the basic principle of HT Register. The algorithm of HT diagnosis in primary medical care of rural public health services was developed. Analysis of results of HT Register implementation in VR during 2004-2007 is presented.Results. Patients with HT stage 1 seek medical help more often in cities while patients with HT stage 3 seek medical help more often in villages. Patients with HT in villages take antihypertensive drugs more often, but they have more risk factors and associate conditions.Conclusion. Improvement of HT pharmacotherapy was observed in urban and rural districts of VR. At the same time non pharmacologic HT control has to be developed. ; Цель. Изучить опыт внедрения и результаты технологии регистрации, учета и оценки качества контроля артериальной гипертонии (АГ) в здравоохранении (Регистр АГ) Вологодской области (ВО).Материал и методы. Регистр АГ разработан и законодательно внедрен в ВО. За организационную основу взят принцип измерения артериального давления всем обратившимся в поликлинику впервые в данном году. Разработан алгоритм выявления больных АГ на уровне первичного звена сельского здравоохранения. Представлен анализ результатов внедрения системы регистрации, учета и контроля АГ в здравоохранении ВО за период 2004 - 2007 гг.Результаты. Показано, что в городе чаще к врачам обращаются больные с 1-й степенью АГ, на селе – с 3-й степенью АГ. Больные АГ на селе достоверно чаще принимают антигипертензивные препараты, имеют большую частоту факторов риска и ассоциированных состояний, влияющих на общий сердечно-сосудистый риск.Заключение. В ходе реализации региональной программы профилактики и лечения больных АГ как в городском, так и сельском секторах здравоохранения отмечается улучшение фармакотерапии АГ. Вместе с тем немедикаментозный контроль АГ требует дальнейшего совершенствования

Fund Guarantor Institution (LGI) does not yet have Syariah scheme as a distinguishing feature of Sharia-based society fund guarantee. Meanwhile, the existing Government Regulation, that is PP No. 39 Year 2005 about Bank Customer Fund Guarantee based on Sharia Principles, is very simple so that it is not sufficient and does not cover Islamic Banks. Based on the background, the problem formulation in this research is "What is the concept of customer fund guarantee regulation like in Islamic Banks?" The objective of this research is to make a concept about customer fund guarantee regulation in Islamic Banks.The type of this research is juridical normative that is doctrinal, with law and conceptual approach method. As a doctrinal law research, this research will only review legal materials; primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. The analysis of this research uses prescriptive method.The conclusion of the research is that in Banking Operation Principles in Indonesia there are two types of banks; conventional and Islamic bank, where both types use different systems. As a consequence, in principle, the institution that guarantees the customer fund should be distinguished. This is based on some considerations :Islamic Banks proscribes bank interest, because of that they do not use bank interest mechanism in its operation, therefore the institution that guarantees its customer fund should not use bank interest mechanism.In its operational systems, Islamic Banks use covenants that have been determined according to Islamic Fiqh, so the institution that guarantees its customer fund should base its operation system to the covenant that is based on Islamic Fiqh. Islamic Banks are limited by what may be done and what may not be done based on Islamic Fiqh, determination, so the institution that guarantees its customer fund should base its operational on the same determination.Therefore, there will be a consistency between Islamic Banks and the institution that guarantees its customer fund ...

This document is part of a compilation on the different concepts, definitions and theoretical frameworks that addresses solidarity economy. Within the concepts found we can observe that among the same authors there are different perspectives due to the cultural, historical, linguistic diversity and the own evolution of the actors and movements that form the solidarity economy. For that contrast, it was considered the revision of articles that describe or delimit what is the solidarity economy, substantive and plural economy, and what are their methods. Among the points to emphasize is that solidarity economy is not a new phenomenon, however, the proposals of the authors reviewed in this work around its meaning and its practice show that some convergences subsist. However, the solidarity economy will not be possible without people participating in deeply democratic ways and acting among them to create the world in which they want to live. ; Este documento parte de una recopilación sobre los diferentes conceptos, definiciones y marcos teóricos que aborda la economía solidaria (ESS). Dentro de los conceptos encontrados podemos observar que entre los mismos autores existen perspectivas diferentes debidas a la diversidad cultural, histórica, lingüística y a la propia evolución de los actores y movimientos que forman la ESS. Para ese contraste, se consideró la revisión de artículos que describen o delimitan qué es la economía social y solidaria, sustantiva y plural, y cuáles son sus métodos. Entre los puntos a destacar es que aun cuando la ESS no es un fenómeno nuevo, las propuestas de los autores revisados en este trabajo en torno a su significado y a su práctica muestran que subsisten algunas convergencias. Sin embargo, la ESS no será posible sin que las personas participen de maneras profundamente democráticas y que actúen entre ellas para crear el mundo en el que quieren vivir. Palabras clave: economía sustantiva, pluralidad en la economía, socioeconomía, tercer sector, pensamiento económico.

This paper aims to examine the extent of the impact of the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1/PHPU.PRES-XII/2014 related PHPU 2014 presidential election dispute in relation to the strengthening of the constitutional legitimacy of the democratic state based on law and the constitution. Constitutional Court Decision No. 1/PHPU.PRES-XII/2014 gives importance to the development of our constitutional democratic system of government in the modern era. The Constitutional Court's decision gives the meaning of democracy in a substantial sense of justice substantive. As a state agency to maintain and oversee the constitution, the Constitutional Court has been performing its functions and powers under the provisions of Section 24C of the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court is a high state institution that is authorized through Section 24C of the 1945 Constitution, which is the authority to hear at the first and last are the final and binding nature of the decision, which among other things PHPU deciding the case, and based on Law No. 24 of 2003 as amended by Law Law No. 8 of 2011 concerning Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court, and Article 29 paragraph (1) letter d Act No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power of the Constitutional Court, in essence the same, which is authorized to hear at the The first and last are the final and binding nature of the decision, including the case PHPU. In this sense the decision of the Constitutional Court put an end to various political opposition including the closing of all the dynamics of the political interpretation of the law that developed in the community.

Crony capitalism is one main feature of the ersatz capitalism. Indonesian and Philippines, two East-Asian countries which are categorized by scholars in the same group practicing the form of ersatz capitalism system, respectively had undergone a historical period of robust authoritarian regime. This fact has indeed influenced the emergence of the strong cronyism in both countries. Through this article, we are briefly revisiting the experiences of Indonesia and Philippines during the Asian financial crisis 1997-98, focusing on their respective political reforms and the impact on the cronyism and eventually on the ability of both countries to survive the crisis. It is apparent that to a certain degree, the political reforms were indeed the key factor for both Indonesia and Philippines to outlast the hit of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98. In other word, it was undeniably through a motion toward a more genuine capitalism system that these countries with that of ersatz capitalism could carry on against economic crises.AbstrakKapitalisme kroni merupakan salah satu fitur utama sistem kapitalisme semu. Sebagai negara Asia Tenggara yang dikenal memiliki sistem ekonomi yang disebut kapitalisme semu oleh para ahli, Indonesia dan Filipina sama-sama pernah mengalami periode sejarah kepemimpinan rezim otoriter yang turut membentuk kultur kapitalisme kroni yang kuat di kedua negara tersebut. Artikel ini memaparkan kembali secara singkat pengalaman Indonesia dan Filipina dalam menghadapi krisis moneter Asia tahun 1997-98, berfokus terutama pada reformasi politik dalam negeri masing-masing negara serta pengaruhnya terhadap kapitalisme kroni dan kemampuan negara mengatasi krisis. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa reformasi politik di Indonesia dan di Filipina hingga taraf tertentu merupakan faktor kunci bagi kedua negara dalam mengatasi keterpurukan ekonomi akibat krisis keuangan Asia 1997-98 lalu. Dengan kata lain, Indonesia dan Filipina mampu mengatasi krisis ekonomi berkat langkah-langkah yang membawa sistem kapitalisme semu menjadi kapitalisme yang lebih murni.

This study regarding the selection of treatment between traditional medicine or medical treatment that is utilized by the community in an effort to cure disease. Doctors and shaman are two professions are known to the public, but using a different way. The aim of this research was to determine the meaning of a healthy and pain for the people of Jeru, know the reasons for choosing the traditional healing methods (shaman) or methods of medical treatment (doctor), and determine the factors that drive to determine the method of treatment. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The research location selected is Jeru Village, District Tumpang, Malang. This location was chosen as the study site because in this village still found a system of traditional medicine (shaman), and can still be found some medical personnel and some healers (shaman) are frequently visited by the public. Jeru's people including homogeneous society. Determination of informants consists of 24 informants consisting of offender treatment, the patient, family, and also family health actors. In collecting the data, researchers used observation and interview techniques. Jeru's society looked healthy and sick are people who feel the presence and absence of disturbances in the body when carrying out its activities. The reason for choosing a method of healing is based on trust, severity of illness, and the cause of the disease. The factors that drive a person to determine the treatment method chosen is based on internal and external factors. Internal comes from a person who wants a cure, while external factors derived from the experience of the people or the community who had suffered from the same disease, and healing which had healed. Early action before choosing between traditional healing or healing of the medical treatment itself. If it is the disease getting worse, then the sick person is looking for other relief efforts, which include traditional medicine, or medical treatment

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito analizar la participación política de las mujeres en Bogotá tomando como referencia el Concejo de la ciudad con un horizonte temporal desde el año 2000 hasta el 2011, sin embargo este periodo fue alargado hasta el 2015, en un intento de rigurosidad estadística. Para indagar la naturaleza y el desarrollo de las dinámicas de elección y participación política de las mujeres en un entorno en el cual la intervención de las mismas ha sufrido grandes cambios institucionales que no se ven materializados en la práctica cotidiana de la corporación. Se tuvieron en cuenta las reformas políticas que se dieron en los años 2003 y 2009 y la ley 1475 de 2011 para introducirlas como variables institucionales de ampliación de los marcos de participación electoral de las mujeres y cómo éstas han incidido en la participación política femenina en el principal órgano legislativo de la ciudad. Este escenario estadístico es mirado desde un marco de referencia teórico definido como neoinstitucionalismo sociológico. ; Abstract This research was aimed to analyze the political participation of women in Bogotá with reference to the City Council, with a time horizon from 2000 to 2011, but this period was extended until 2015, in an attempt to statistical rigor. To investigate the nature and development of the dynamics of choice and political participation of women in an environment in which the intervention of the same has undergone major institutional changes that are not embodied in the daily practice of the corporation. political reforms that occurred in 2003 and 2009 and Law 1475 of 2011 to introduce them as institutional variables expansion frames electoral participation of women were taken into account and how these have influenced women's political participation in the main legislative body of the city. All this looked from theoretical framework defined as sociological institutionalism. ; Maestría