Suchergebnisse

This article examines an agricultural dimension of the `entrepreneurial failure' debate. It is often claimed that structural change in agriculture was retarded by the conservatism of agriculturalists in the south east who, allegedly, persisted with corn when price changes signalled a switch to meat and dairying. Existing price series and the price evidence as it appeared to farmers and landlords at the time are re‐examined and shown to be neither clear nor consistent. The evidence suggests that contrasts in the fortunes of livestock and arable farmers have been exaggerated and that in this respect, even if not others, arable farmers were less irrational than their critics suppose.

The southern counties along the Danube, Sava, Tisa (Tisza) and Tamis (Temes) rivers, including Srem (Szerém, Sirmium) had been the richest, most developed and purely Hungarian inhabited part of the Hungarian Kingdom in the Middle Ages. The Ottoman conquest brought about a dramatic population shift between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the Hungarians were either massacred or forced to flee the area. The demographic vacuum was filled by Serbian immigration. The Serbs acquired a privileged status as frontier guards of the Habsburg realm, with full territorial, religious and cultural autonomy up to the middle of the eighteenth century.

This adaptation of the Preface to The Vulnerable Planet (Korean edition, no date) addresses the 1992 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Earth Summit international agreement to strive for sustainable development, focusing on the lack of consensus between those parties defining sustainable development as continued economic development & those viewing it as protecting the environment. Rather than suggesting concession by either party, an ecological critique of development is encouraged. It is argued that what has been named development in the past & present is truly maldevelopment, & people & nature should be considered more important than profit & production. Ecological damage caused by economic growth in South Korea illustrates the point. T. Shimane

Since capitalism represents the real new world order, the fact that it is in serious trouble in at least three regions of the world -- the Third World South, & Western & Eastern Europe -- is not good news for democracy's global prospects. Such prospects are also threatened by really existing nationalism, particularly when citizenship is defined ethnically. However, the problems of capitalism & democracy in the contemporary world cannot be attacked until the notion that a popularly controlled democratic state is a good thing is relegitimated, & until the various countries of the world develop genuine political democracy, including at least a minimal commitment to social justice & egalitarianism. M. Maguire

Starts from the hypothesis that private expenditure on home ownership & public expenditure on aged pensions represent alternative &, to some extent, mutually exclusive mechanisms of lifetime saving for old age. Greece, Italy, &, to a lesser degree, Spain are identified as being among the only advanced nations in which home ownership is extensive & social insurance age pensions extremely generous. Features of southern European society that make it possible to combine these features are noted, but fiscal & demographic problems resulting from policy that privileges the old at the expense of the young are highlighted. 38 References. Adapted from the source document.

Differences in race and ethnicity have long been acknowledged as obstacles to unity among farmworkers in their struggles to organize and improve wages and working conditions. Additionally, dissimilarity in individuals' legal status has also divided them. This is particularly evident in much of the Southwest, where most farmworkers have historically been Mexicanos. Another point of disagreement in the organizing struggles of farmworkers in West Texas and Southern New Mexico since World War II are conflicting notions about freedom, applied either in reference to a free market in agricultural labor, or to workers' freedom to engage in collective bargaining as to attain the strongest possible legal status. (Lat Am Perspect/DÜI)

Growth controls and related regulations have been blamed for slowing economies and creating housing shortages and praised for preserving the environment. At first glance, these measures appear to challenge the priorities of the growth machines that dominate most urban governance. By analyzing a series of Southern California jurisdictions, the authors explain how growth takes place even under tight controls. Growth controls do not significantly limit development but, rather, enable local officials to generate higher public benefits from the growth that occurs. The specific conditions of growth under growth control help reveal how urban growth works in a more environmentalist era.

Critically assessed is Australia's leading art historian Bernard Smith's use of an antipodean perspective to analyze & relativize postmodernist, primitivist, & orientalist constructions within the field of visual art. Focusing on the connections between liberal arts & visual arts, several works by Smith are discussed & praised for their focus on issues related to imperialism, the North/South divide, & the relation between power & culture. It is argued that Smith's work should be read as social theory, & that his work on the visual arts directly relates to the liberal arts, where images of vision, representation, & perspective have long been present but rarely discussed. W. Howard

Antebellum judges played crucial roles in resolving conflicts between slaveowners and common-carrier owners. Because courts could easily quantify the value of a slave's life, they were quicker to compensate slaveowners for slaves injured or killed by a common carrier than to award damages to an injured free person or his estate. Yet judges also had to craft rules governing the behavior of the slave property itself. By the 1860s, Southern courts had established law that encouraged parties with legal standing to act efficiently. Strikingly, tort doctrines developed in slave cases foreshadowed the evolution of law for free accident victims.

AbstractThe protracted drought from 1988 to 1992 has focused attention upon the availability of water sources in England and Wales. The drought was most severe in the east and south‐east parts of England, which also coincides with the areas having (a) the least available water resources, (b) the greatest forecast increase in demand, and (c) the majority of low‐flow problems due to excessive authorized abstraction. Even with increasing attention being paid to demand management, there is a need to develop further water‐resource schemes. Once local options have been developed it is likely that inter‐basin transfers will be required.

AITKIN'S ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL PARTY DEPICTS IT AS AN IDEOLOGICALLY BASED PARTY, BORN OF A PAST POLITICAL CULTURE THAT PITTED THE COUNTRY AGAINST THE CITY. AITKIN ASSERTED THAT THE PARTY'S ELECTORAL FORTUNES WERE LIKELY TO DECLINE AS A RESULT OF THE IMPACT THAT DEMOGRAPHIC AND HENCE SOCIAL CHANGE WAS HAVING ON THE COUNTRYMINDEDNESS ETHOS THAT HAS UNPERPINNED THE PARTY'S ELECTORAL SUCCESS SINCE THE 1920. THIS PAPER EXAMINES AITKIN'S THESIS BY ANALYSING THE NATIONAL PARTY'S PERFORMANCE IN SIX NORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES ELECTORATES IN RECENT FEDERAL ELECTIONS, AND CONSIDERS THE IMPACT THAT DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE HAS HAD ON THE PARTY'S ELECTORAL FORTUNES.

The white electorate in the northern US shifted its allegiance away from the Democratic party in the last two decades. An investigation of this shift focuses on the comparative role played by social-group membership & political ideology in shaping partisanship, based on an analysis of National Election Studies data. Trends in black & southern white electorates are also examined. It is found that political ideology played the major role in the partisan transformation among northern whites. Findings indicate that: (1) there is a widespread tightening of the connection between ideology & partisanship across social groups; & (2) conservatives far outnumber liberals. 14 Tables. Adapted from the source document.